Published by LPPM Universitas Islam 45 ---Vol. 20, No. 02, Year 2023, pp.261-273 --- https://jurnal.unismabekasi.ac.id/index.php/paradigma
e-ISSN : 2775-9105, p-ISSN : 0853-9081 DOI : https://doi.org/10.33558/paradigma.v20i2.7195
INDONESIAN NATIONAL TEAM CRICKET ATHLETES ANXIETY AHEAD OF CAMBODIA’S 2023 SEA GAMES MATCHES
Hasan Basri1 , Siti Nurhidayah2 , Azi Faiz Ridlo3, Albert Wolter Aridan Tangkudung4
1,2,3Universitas Islam 45, Indonesia
4Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author : [email protected]
Article history Received : (15–06-2023) Revised : (26-06-2023) Accepted : (29-06-2023)
ABSTRACT
This study aims to describe the level of anxiety of the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes ahead of the 2023 Cambodian Sea Games and how to control anxiety in the athletes' environment.
This study used quantitative research through SPSS Version 24.
The sample in this study were 16 Indonesian National Team cricket athletes. The instrument used to obtain data uses a closed questionnaire. The questionnaire distributed was the SCAT (Sport Competitive Anxiety Test) totaling 15 questions. As for data analysis using descriptive statistics which has the aim of describing the data, so that researchers have an overview of the data to be used in research. The results showed that overall the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes experienced an average level of anxiety. This is because the athletes have technical skills in competition and the athlete's mind so that it affects the satisfaction that is subjectively felt in him. The emergence of pressure from outside in the form of demands and expectations so as to make the athletes doubt. So that this factor affects the emotional intelligence of Indonesian national team cricket athletes at an average level of anxiety. Meanwhile,
controlling anxiety in athletes can be done by increasing the level of religiosity and collaborating between athletes, coaches, and teams to understand the source of anxiety.
Keywords: Anxiety, Cricket, Match
INTRODUCTION
Cricket is a type of sport that can be played by all ages and all groups of people, both teenagers and the general public (Putera et al., 2022). Cricket in Indonesia is already in the socialization stage at this point. In Indonesia, it has been implemented in various regions to develop junior level cricket teams. In the development of easy generation cricket is an important aspect. From an easy age it is easier to form and socialize (Ramdhani & Basri, 2023). The existence of socialization allows their next generation to socialize the sport of cricket throughout Indonesia (Lubis et al., 2021).
In Indonesia itself the development of the sport of cricket is very rapid with the competition of cricket in the 2016 National Sports Week (PON) in West Java. The sport of cricket began to enter East Java in 2017 through socialization from the management of the Indonesian Cricket Association (PCI) and is a new sport (Connor et al., 2020). In general, sports have demands for achievement and there are even many competitions for sports in the village or even at a higher level (Basri et al., 2021). The desire to win so that every spectator feels satisfied is always inside every player. Such great desire, encouragement from coaches, management and every element in the competition environment has led to a new style of appearance for an athlete (Taufik, 2018). Even though the desire to win is so great, for some athletes, sometimes the social behavior that exists in the competition environment, for example the demands of the coach, the demands of the audience, the management and the whole series of match enthusiasm sometimes really disturbs the psychology of the athlete. Thus, it is not uncommon for some athletes to produce psychological reactions, for example emotional symptoms, anger, joy and anxiety (Kumbara et al., 2018).
A cricket athlete must be able to properly manage all the psychological reactions that arise during a match, this will greatly impact the match situation. The best thing is how a player can change negative reactions from the psychological influence of athletes into positive needs (Tangkudung, 2022). Anxiety, for example, in psychology, anxiety is defined as a form of psychological reaction that appears to anything new (Suardana & Simarmata, 2013). Anxiety is a situation where the body's physiological state seems to be suffocating, causing an excessive heartbeat due to a reaction that has just appeared. Anxiety, if not managed properly, will greatly impact the performance of athletes, especially cricket athletes, causing movement disorder, trembling, fear of losing so that players cannot carry out all the techniques that have been mastered before (Chodijah et al., 2020). Anxiety is a topic that is never lonely for research, because anxiety is the starting point for diagnosing several other personality disorders.
Anxiety itself is often not a serious thing, depending on the conditions experienced by each individual, but it is not a light thing either (Haqiyah & Azhari, 2022; Nugraha, 2020).
In 2023, the 32nd Cambodian Sea Games will be attended by 11 countries with around 6,211 athletes participating (Sea Games, 2023). Indonesia has prepared cricket athletes to compete in the Sea Games in Cambodia. In several match situations when viewed from the psychological factors of the match, it seems that there are several symptoms related to anxiety reactions. Some of the anxiety reactions that arise include the occurrence of several errors caused by physiological constraints of the body such as shaking of the lower limbs such as the legs, technical errors that should not have happened because when practicing all techniques are quite good (Juniariani & Saputra, 2020). Symptoms like this are very likely caused by the reaction of anxiety that comes during matches, especially when the symptoms appear during the first minutes of the match. The heart beats very fast, while the emotions appear too quickly. In research conducted by Komang (2020) stated that the anxiety of sports athletes appears at the beginning of a big match. Kumbara et al., (2018) also said that anxiety often disturbs the feelings of an athlete, not even only beginner athletes, but more than that professional athletes also experience anxiety. To prove whether this performance is
really caused by anxiety factors, this study aims to find out how much anxiety levels are experienced by Indonesian cricket athletes ahead of the match facing the 2023 Sea Games in Cambodia and how to control anxiety experienced by cricket athletes, both male and female athletes.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study used a quantitative research type with measurements through SPSS Version 24. The population in this study were 16 Indonesian national team cricket athletes. The instrument used to obtain data uses a closed questionnaire (Sugiyono, 2018). The questionnaire distributed is the SCAT (Sport Competitive Anxiety Test) which is used to measure competition anxiety related to sports (Mackenzie, 2015). This questionnaire has been tested in several studies by Rainer Martens thereby stating that the SCAT questionnaire is valid in trials and studies conducted (Martens, 2012).
Rainers said that to measure the level of anxiety to compete in athletes through a series of questions to find out the condition of athletes when in a competition situation (Martens, 2012). Following is the SCAT questionnaire:
Table 1. SCAT Questionnaires
Instrumen SCAT (Sport Competitive Anxiety Test) 1 Competing against other people is socially fun 2 Before I compete I feel uneasy
3 Before I compete I worry about not performing well 4 I am a good sportsman when I compete
5 When I fight, I worry about making mistakes 6 Before I fight I feel calm
7 Developing an important strategy when competing 8 Before I compete my stomach feels queasy
9 Right before a match, I felt my heart beating faster than usual
10 I like to compete in games that require a lot of physical energy
11 Before I compete I feel relaxed 12 Before I compete I feel nervous
13 Team sports are more fun than individual sports 14 I was nervous when I wanted to start the game 15 Before I fight I usually feel tense
This instrument consists of 15 questions in the form of a Likert scale, namely never, sometimes, and often where higher results indicate a higher level of trait anxiety. Questions 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 were not assessed (questions not related to anxiety) aimed at reducing response deviations and the athletes did not feel tense when their anxiety was measured. Furthermore, questions number 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 (questions related to anxiety) with a value of 3 = often, a value of 2 = sometimes, and a value of 1 = never. Then, questions number 6 and 11 (problem according to anxiety) with a value of 3 = never, value 2 = sometimes, and value 1 = often. The classification to determine the level of athlete's competition anxiety is if the acquisition score is less than 17 then it is included in the low anxiety category, the acquisition of scores 17-24 is included in the average anxiety category, and the acquisition of scores more than 24 is included in the high anxiety category.
This study also tested the validity and reliability of the SCAT instrument on 10 respondents who were sampled for testing the validity and reliability. Validity test is used to measure the validity or invalidity of a questionnaire. A questionnaire is said to be valid if the questions on the questionnaire are able to reveal something that the questionnaire will measure as expected by the researcher. The research instrument is said to be valid if the value of r count is greater than r table. Following are the results of the SCAT instrument validity test:
Tabel 2. SCAT Validiy Test Results Item R count R table Conclusion
1 - 0.4821 -
2 0.645 0.4821 Valid
3 0.503 0.4821 Valid
4 - 0.4821 -
5 0.606 0.4821 Valid
6 0.518 0.4821 Valid
7 - 0.4821 -
8 0.493 0.4821 Valid
9 0.517 0.4821 Valid
10 - 0.4821 -
11 0.661 0.4821 Valid
12 0.871 0.4821 Valid
13 - 0.4821 -
14 0.918 0.4821 Valid
15 0.740 0.4821 Valid
The test results in Table 2 show that all questions have a calculated r value that is greater than the r table value, so that it can be said that all SCAT questions are valid.
The reliability test is a measure that shows the extent to which measurement results remain consistent when measured several times with the same measuring instrument (Ghozali, 2009; Nurlan, 2019). The reliability test is said to be reliable if the Cronbach Alpha value is greater than the standard value of 0.6. From the calculation results of the SPSS Version 24 software for the questionnaire question items, the Alpha Cronbach value can be obtained as follows:
Table 3. SCAT Reliability Results Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.720 15
Table 3 showed that the SCAT question instrument obtained a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.720 > 0.6 which indicates that the data is reliable. As for data analysis using descriptive statistics (frequency/percentage/diagram) which has the aim of describing the data, so that researchers have an overview of the data to be used in research (Muhamad et al., 2022).
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The results of the research that has been carried out using a questionnaire that has been distributed to 16 Indonesian National Team cricket athletes are divided into gender and age group classifications. The following is a description of the characteristics of the research respondents with the criteria of the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes who will compete in the 32nd Sea Games in Cambodia.
Figure 1. Respondents Descriptive Results Based on Gender and Age Based on the results of the analysis in Figure 1, the results obtained were 9 males with a percentage of 56%, while 7 females with a percentage of 44%. The descriptive results for age classification consist of age categories, namely 1 athlete under 18 years of age with a percentage of 6%, 18 to 25 years of age 8 with a 50% percentage and 7 over 25 years of age with a 44% percentage.
This data was obtained from completing the Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (SCAT) questionnaire which included 15 questions and was filled in by 16 respondents who were cricket athletes from the Indonesian National Team. Then the questionnaire data is processed by manual calculation using excel. The following is the result of the SCAT calculation by the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes.
Tabel 4. Description of the Anxiety Level Classification of Indonesian National Team Cricket Athletes
Respondent Total Anxiety Results 1 19 Average anxiety 2 24 Average anxiety
3 16 Low anxiety
4 20 Average anxiety
5 12 Low anxiety
6 22 Average anxiety 7 21 Average anxiety
8 13 Low anxiety
9 20 Average anxiety 10 21 Average anxiety 11 20 Average anxiety 12 22 Average anxiety
9
7
1
8
7
56% 44%
6% 50% 44%
0 2 4 6 8 10
Laki-Laki Perempuan < 18 Tahun 18 - 25 Tahun
> 25 Tahun
Deskriptif Responden
13 19 Average anxiety 14 19 Average anxiety 15 24 Average anxiety
16 16 Low anxiety
Table 4 shows the results of the final scores of the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes so that the anxiety of each cricket athlete can be identified. Based on these results, the researcher tested the average anxiety value of the Indonesian National Team cricket athlete using SPSS Version 24 Software. Following is the average value of cricket athlete anxiety through the SCAT instrument:
Table 5. Athlete's Average Anxiety Level Results Statistics
Total Score
N Valid 27
Missing 0
Mean 19.44
Data analysis shows that respondents have an average score of 19.44 which is included in the average anxiety category. The emergence of anxiety in an athlete in a match situation or before a match has many indicators (Apriyanto & Wardoyo, 2018) divides the causes of anxiety, namely competitive anxiety (Competitive Anxiety), cognitive anxiety (Cognitive Anxiety) and somatic anxiety. Competitive anxiety is the process of the emergence of anxiety in athletes that occurs as a result of objective competitive situations. Competitive anxiety reflects the athlete's feelings that something will go wrong, namely an unsuccessful outcome or the experience of fear of failure that will be experienced. Cognitive anxiety is a cognitive process that involves facing and reacting as well as the factors that influence this natural interaction. Cognitive anxiety is an athlete's subjective perception that is closely related to an assessment of a competitive situation followed by a somatic response. There are three main indicator behaviors of cognitive anxiety, namely negative expectations and fear of being evaluated (Wardhani & Suharso, 2022). Somatic anxiety is a physiological state in response to a stressful situation that one is aware of. This physiological state can help or be a hindrance in the game. In it there are automatic reactions such as
stomach cramps, sweating and increased heart rate (Kumbara et al., 2018). Following is the result of the anxiety level of the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes ahead of the match.
Table 6. The Anxiety Level of Indonesian National Team Cricket Athletes Before the Match
Anxiety Level Total Percentage
Low Anxiety 4 25%
Average Anxiety 12 75%
High Anxiety 0 0%
Table 6 shows the results of the analysis of the anxiety level of the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes ahead of the 2023 Cambodia Sea Games match that as many as 4 athletes with a percentage of 25% experienced low anxiety, the average anxiety was 12 athletes with a percentage of 75% and high anxiety was 0%. Next is the result of an analysis of cricket athlete anxiety based on gender to find out and compare anxiety between men and women.
Table 7. Anxiety Level Results Based on Gender Anxiety Level Male Athletes Female Athletes
Total % Total %
Low Anxiety 3 33% 1 14%
Average Anxiety 6 67% 6 86%
High Anxiety 0 0% 0 0%
TOTAL 9 100% 7 100%
Table 7 shows that the low anxiety experienced by male cricket athletes is 3 athletes with a percentage of 33%, the average anxiety experienced by male cricket athletes is 6 with a percentage of 67% and there is no high anxiety experienced for male cricket athletes. Whereas female cricket athletes have low anxiety as much as 1 female athlete with a percentage of 14%, the average anxiety experienced by female athletes is as many as 6 athletes with a percentage of 86% and there is no high anxiety experienced for female cricket athletes. These results indicate that the anxiety of cricket athletes, both male and female athletes, has an average level of anxiety.
Discussions
Anxiety in a sports competition can affect an athlete's feelings that something undesirable will happen, including performing badly, an opponent who is seen as superior will experience defeat, and will be ridiculed by friends when they lose.
Feelings of anxiety like this if they are not able to be controlled properly then the athlete's performance becomes less than optimal, such as the implementation of strategies, tactics and techniques that have been prepared before the competition does not work.
Table 6 shows that the Indonesian National Team cricket athletes experience anxiety on average. This is because the athletes have technical abilities in the competition and the athletes' minds will be greatly influenced by the satisfaction that is subjectively felt within them. The emergence of pressure from outside in the form of demands and expectations so as to make the athletes doubt. So that this factor affects the emotional intelligence of Bekasi City cricket athletes at the average level of anxiety.
These results are in line with research conducted by Nissa & Soenyoto (2021) which shows that the level of anxiety for athletes competing in Central Java PLPP martial arts is also in the average category Efendi (2016) also explained that hockey athletes in Gresik Regency experienced moderate or average levels of anxiety, namely as many as 8 athletes out of 15 hockey athletes. An athlete's performance in a competition will be good if an athlete can control his anxiety which means he is psychologically prepared. This research is also in line with research Pradina (2016) that Surabaya City athletes are known to have an average level of anxiety. The calculation results show that 4 athletes have a low level of anxiety, 8 athletes have a moderate/average level of anxiety, and no athlete has a high level of anxiety.
The results of this study are different from research conducted by Juliantine (2011) who explained that anxiety before a match is quite high, this is because athletes perceive that the competition they are going to do feels tough, especially in decisive matches (semi-finals or finals). In addition, anxiety can arise if there are objective demands from a trainer, coach or management before the match. When the athlete perceives the stimulus as a threat, while his "traitanxiety" influences his perception
emotionally, then finally a state-anxiety reaction appears in the athlete's performance in response to the demands of the objective situation earlier (Anira et al., 2017).
Komang Ayu Tri Widhiyanti et al., (2020) also said that the anxiety experienced by athletes before competing is higher than after competing.
Excessive anxiety in a match can lead to errors or problems both internal and external to athletes which can be detrimental to an athlete who experiences it. It is important to collaborate between athletes, coaches and teams to understand the sources of anxiety that befall athletes, the types and symptoms of anxiety, and the right steps to deal with competition anxiety with appropriate methods from cognitive approaches such as supportive counseling and psychotherapy and somatic approaches such as, progressive rest. Putri & Septiawan (2020) explained that someone who has a moderate to high level of religiosity on average experiences a moderate or even mild level of anxiety because individuals who have effective self-control can overcome the anxiety they feel, conversely if individuals have ineffective self-control then will experience tension, an increase in excessive energy needs so that it can cause depression and anxiety. Controlling this anxiety can be done by increasing the level of religiosity to God Almighty. The results of this study are reinforced by (Widyaningsih et al., 2023) that there is a significant relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being. The higher the level of religiosity, the higher the psychological well-being so that it can control anxiety levels, be better, and be optimistic. Thus a person with high religiosity is considered to be able to control anxiety so that daily activities will not be disrupted because of the anxiety that arises. This research provides an overview of the anxiety of cricket athletes ahead of matches as well as an effort to minimize
competition anxiety at the 2023 Cambodian Sea Games.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research and discussion conducted on the cricket athletes of the Indonesian National Team ahead of the 2023 Cambodian Sea Games, it can be concluded that overall the cricket athletes of the Indonesian National Team experience an average level of anxiety. This is because the athletes have technical skills
in competition and the athlete's mind so that it affects the satisfaction that is subjectively felt in him. The emergence of pressure from outside in the form of demands and expectations so as to make the athletes doubt. The aforementioned factor affects the emotional intelligence of Indonesian national team cricket athletes at an average level of anxiety. Anxiety control in athletes can be done by increasing the level of religiosity and collaborating between athletes, coaches, and teams to understand the sources of anxiety that befall athletes, the types and symptoms of anxiety, and the right steps in overcoming competition anxiety with appropriate methods from cognitive approaches such as supportive counseling and psychotherapy and somatic approaches such as, progressive bed rest.
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