The Influence of Traditional Bakiak Game on Gross Motor Skills in Early Childhood

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Website: http://ecampus.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jies Email: [email protected]

Volume 3 Nomor 2 (2023) Pages 157-165

Journal of Islamic Education Students

The Influence of Traditional Bakiak Game on Gross Motor Skills in Early Childhood

Restu Yuningsih¹^, Soniati^2,Meliana Sari^3, Nurhasanah⁴ PIAUD, UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar, Indonesia^1,2,3,4

email: [email protected]¹, [email protected]², [email protected]³, [email protected]⁴

DOI: 10.31958/jies.v3i2.11011

Article info Abstract

Article History Recieved:

01/10/2023 Accepted:

05/11/2023 Published:

30/11/2023



Corresponding author

This study aims to explore the influence of traditional bakiak games on the gross motor skills of early childhood. The research adopts a quantitative approach with an experimental design, specifically utilizing a pre- experimental One Group Pretest-posttest design. The participants include all children at Mutiara Bunda Early Childhood Education (PAUD), amounting to 18 children, who were selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through observation sheets. Prerequisite tests, such as normality and homogeneity tests, were conducted, followed by hypothesis testing using the t-test. The findings indicate that the t-table value at a significance level of 5% supports the research hypothesis, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis and the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis. The findings of this research underline the importance of incorporating traditional games like bakiak into early childhood education to enhance gross motor skills.

Keywords: Tradisional, Bakiak Game, Gross Motor Ability, Early Childhood

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh permainan tradisional bakiak terhadap keterampilan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini.

Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimental, khususnya menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental One Group Pretest-posttest. Partisipan melibatkan seluruh anak di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Mutiara Bunda, sejumlah 18 anak, yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui lembar observasi. Uji prasyarat, seperti uji normalitas dan homogenitas, dilakukan, diikuti dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-tabel pada tingkat signifikansi 5% mendukung hipotesis penelitian, mengakibatkan penolakan hipotesis nol dan penerimaan hipotesis alternatif. Temuan penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya mengintegrasikan permainan tradisional seperti bakiak dalam pendidikan anak usia dini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan motorik kasar.

Kata Kunci: Permainan Tradisional Bakiak; Kemampuan MotorikKasar;

Anak Usia Dini.

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The Influence of Traditional Bakiak Game on Gross Motor Skills in Early Childhood DOI: 10.31958/jies.v3i2.11011

INTRODUCTION

According to Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, Article 1 paragraph 14 explains that Early Childhood Education is an effort aimed at children from birth to six years old. It is carried out by providing educational stimuli to aid physical and spiritual growth and development, preparing children for further education (Mulyanti & Bayan, 2022; Nuha & Munawaroh, 2022; Wulandani & Putri, 2022). Early childhood education is a non-formal institution that provides educational services to young children, aiming to help develop various potentials in children, both physically and psychosocially, including aspects such as religion, morality, social skills, emotions, independence, cognition, language, physical motor skills, and the arts, preparing them for the next stage of education (Aqobah et al., 2020:136).

In a child's development, physical motor skills are crucial, as the process of a child's growth and development will influence their future lives (Muliana &

Warmansyah, 2022; Oktaviana et al., 2021; Rosdiani & Warmansyah, 2021).

Understanding a child's physical development, maximizing it, and recognizing its importance are essential (Farida & Pd, 2016).

Gross motor skills are related to the development of the ability to move the body, either partially (non-locomotor) or as a whole (locomotor) (Abubakar & Asni, 2019; Ridwan et al., 2022). Non-locomotor movements involve moving part of the body, such as reaching for something, while locomotor movements include activities like walking, running, jumping, sports, and movements associated with pulling and pushing. In early childhood, children are very active in motor activities, moving as if they never tire (Novita, 2021). If modern games tend to emphasize individualization, traditional games provide opportunities for children to socialize and collaborate in groups (Kurniati, 2011).

Based on observations conducted on January 4-5, 2023, at PAUD Mutiara Bunda, it was observed that the gross motor skills of the children were far from the expected level. Several issues were identified, including underdeveloped gross motor skills, a preference for indoor learning, uncontrolled or imbalanced movements, and a lack of introduction to traditional games. Traditional games are considered beneficial for a child's development, especially in enhancing gross motor skills.

One such traditional game that can enhance a child's movement is the game of

"bakiak." This game involves wooden sandals connected by recycled tire straps, typically played by 3-5 people. Bakiak games require teamwork, a sense of responsibility, and physical strength, contributing to the development of gross motor skills in children (Hayati & Fatimah, n.d., 2019).

Bakiak games have several benefits, such as developing gross motor skills in children (Novita, 2021). As children walk and take steps, these movements involve large muscle groups, indirectly providing stimulation for the development of gross motor skills. The game is also effective in training body coordination, as children's body

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and leg movements occur simultaneously. Additionally, bakiak games can teach patience, encourage collaboration and socialization among peers, and contribute to the overall development of gross motor skills in children (Hayati & Fatimah, n.d.).

Research conducted by Khusnul Laely and Dede Yudi on the "Influence of bakiak games on the improvement of early childhood gross motor intelligence" showed significant data on the improvement of children's gross motor intelligence after learning with traditional bakiak games (Septiani, 2019). Utilizing simple traditional games to train gross motor skills is essential, as they are believed to have a more positive impact on a child's potential development. The observed issues at PAUD Mutiara Bunda underscore the importance of providing stimuli to children to optimize their gross motor skills. The introduction of traditional games like bakiak can play a crucial role in achieving this goal.

METHODS

The research conducted is a quantitative study utilizing an experimental method to examine the cause-and-effect relationship through the influence of the traditional bakiak game on the gross motor skills of children at Mutiara Bunda Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Pasaman Sub-District, Pasaman Barat Regency. The research design employed is a pre-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design.

The study took place at Mutiara Bunda PAUD in June 2023, targeting a population of 18 children in Pasaman Sub-District, Pasaman Barat Regency.

The sampling technique used was total sampling, where all members of the population were considered as samples. The sample comprised 18 children, consisting of 8 females and 10 males, from Mutiara Bunda PAUD in Pasaman Sub-District, Pasaman Barat Regency. Data collection involved the use of standardized observation sheets to ensure the accuracy of the collected data. Additionally, to guarantee the accuracy of the data throughout the observation, the researcher utilized tools such as a camera.

The research methodology employed in this study allows for a comprehensive exploration of the impact of the traditional bakiak game on the gross motor skills of young children, providing valuable insights for educators, parents, and future researchers in the field of early childhood development.

Table 2. Pre-eksperiment Research Model

Group Pretest Treatment Posttest

Eksperiment 01 X 02

From the table above, it can be concluded that this study employs an observational method on a single experimental group. Subsequently, a pretest (O1) is

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administered initially to assess the baseline abilities before introducing the bakiak game.

Following that, an intervention or treatment (X) is implemented, involving the introduction of the bakiak game to the group. Finally, a posttest (O2) is conducted to evaluate any changes or improvements in abilities after the implementation of the bakiak game. This approach enables the researchers to examine the impact of the bakiak game on the overall development of children's gross motor skills more comprehensively.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Deskripsi Data Pretest

Implementation of the pretest was conducted on all 18 children to determine their individual abilities in gross motor skills. To initiate the research activities, the researcher, based on the assessment instrument criteria, observed that the children's gross motor skills were not yet effective.

The pretest results indicated that the highest score was 21, and the lowest score was 17. None of the children fell into the categories of "developed very well" or

"developed as expected." However, three children were categorized as "beginning to develop," and 15 children were categorized as "not yet developed." This implies that the children were still considered low in gross motor skills at PAUD Mutiara Bunda in Pasaman Subdistrict, Pasaman Barat Regency.

Based on the pretest data, the researcher selected the 18 children to undergo treatment using traditional bakiak games. In the pretest data, 15 children were categorized as "not yet developed" with a percentage of 83.3%, and three children were categorized as "beginning to develop" with a percentage of 16.7%. There were no children in the categories of "developed as expected" or "developed very well."

Posttest Data Description

After all the activities were carried out, the children were re-evaluated to observe the improvement in their gross motor skills using traditional bakiak games.

After the experiment, the data were compared to assess the gross motor skills before and after using traditional bakiak games. In the posttest data, no children at PAUD Mutiara Bunda in Pasaman Subdistrict, Pasaman Barat Regency, fell into the categories of "not yet developed," "beginning to develop," or "developed as expected." All the children were included in the category of "developed very well." Based on the posttest data, all 18 children were categorized as "developed very well," accounting for 100%.

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Graph 1. Comparison of pretest and posttest scores

According to the comparison graph above, the highest score is 48, and the lowest score is 17, with no more children falling into the categories of "not developed,"

"beginning to develop," or "developed as expected." From the data, it can be observed that the gross motor skills of children at PAUD Mutiara Bunda in Pasaman Subdistrict, Pasaman Barat Regency, have improved. The homogeneity test aims to demonstrate whether two or more groups of sample data from a population have the same variation.

If the p-value is > 0.05, it indicates homogeneity. Conversely, if it is < 0.05, the sample variations are considered not homogeneous.

Graph 2. Comparison of pretest, treatment 1-4, and posttest scores

Based on the output of homogeneity of variances, if the significance value (sig) is < 0.05, then H0 (null hypothesis) is rejected. If the significance value is > 0.05, then Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted. Since the sig value (0.426) is greater than 0.05, the data used is considered homogenous. To address the research question, hypothesis testing is conducted using the t-test. Before performing the t-test, a calculation table is

21 18 21 19 19 18 20 18 18 19 19 18 20 17 17 18 19 21 47 45 47 44 46 45 46 45 44 46 46 45 46 45 45 46 45 48

PRETEST POSTTEST

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Pretest Treatment 12 Treatment 22 Treatment 32 Treatment 42 Postest

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created to obtain the t-value. The next step involves testing the interpretation of t0 by first calculating the degrees of freedom (df) and the critical t-value. With N-1= 18-1=17, comparing t0 (83.43) with the critical t-value at 5% significance level (1.74), it is evident that t0 is greater than t1. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This implies that the traditional game of

"bakiak" can indeed influence the gross motor skills of children at Mutiara Bunda Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Pasaman Subdistrict, Pasaman Barat Regency.

Discussion

Based on the above research findings, it is evident that before the treatment, the average score for children's gross motor skills was 18.9. After the first treatment, the average score increased to 22.3, followed by a further increase to 26.8 after the second treatment. Subsequently, the third treatment resulted in an average score of 36.5, and after the fourth treatment, the average score for children's gross motor skills reached 43.2. The post-treatment assessment yielded a motor skills score of 45.6. In this context, the observed improvements demonstrate the positive influence of the traditional game of "bakiak" on the gross motor skills of children at the Mutiara Bunda Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Pasaman Subdistrict, Pasaman Barat Regency.

Other studies also support the idea that playing "bakiak" can enhance the gross motor skills of young children (Septiani, 2019). Research on the use of the traditional game of "bakiak" to improve the gross motor skills of 4-5-year-old children in Kindergarten (KB) shows notable improvements. In the first cycle, balance increased from 45% to 65%, and agility improved from 40% to 60%. In the second cycle, balance further increased to 85%, and agility reached 80%. These results indicate that playing

"bakiak" has the potential to enhance the gross motor skills of 4-5-year-old children in KB Tunas Bangsa Marenggeng, Sindangwangi Village, Brebes Regency (Denok et al., 2021).

Gross motor skills involve movements that require more significant muscle activity. The developmental functions of gross motor skills include triggering physical, mental, and health growth in children. These skills serve as tools to build and strengthen a child's body, develop motor skills and agility, and engage a child's thinking abilities (Puspitasari et al., 2022). Santrock (2008) suggests that gross motor skills involve activities that engage large muscle groups, such as moving arms and walking. These skills encompass activities involving the entire or major parts of the body, including crawling, throwing, jumping, coordination, balance, agility, flexibility, strength, speed, and endurance (Monicha & Timur, 2020).

The game of "bakiak" is a traditional game that fosters teamwork, such as walking quickly together, practicing balance, coordinating body movements, and synchronizing steps with hand swings. Enhancing cooperation in playing "bakiak" is crucial, as without cooperation, controlling body movements and balance can be challenging (Wulansari, 2017). Gross motor skills can be developed by maintaining balance, ensuring coordination, and problem-solving through the traditional game of

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"bakiak." Engaging children in traditional games like "bakiak" is an effective means of promoting the development of gross motor skills.

The statistical calculations indicate that after the treatment, children's scores increased in the posttest compared to the pretest. This suggests that the hypothesis stating that the provision of the traditional game of "bakiak" does not significantly affect children's gross motor skills at Mutiara Bunda PAUD is rejected. Conversely, the alternative hypothesis (ha) stating that the traditional game of "bakiak" significantly influences children's gross motor skills in Mutiara Bunda PAUD, Pasaman Subdistrict, Pasaman Barat Regency, is supported. In other words, the traditional game of "bakiak"

has a positive impact on the gross motor skills of children at Mutiara Bunda PAUD.

This conclusion holds at a significance level of 5%. Based on the pretest and posttest results, it is evident that the scores for children's gross motor skills at Mutiara Bunda PAUD increased after the treatment, involving the use of the traditional game of

"bakiak" through an experimental method. The data from the posttest indicate an improvement in children's gross motor skills.

CONCLUSION

The research underscores a significant positive impact of the traditional bakiak game on the gross motor skills of early childhood at Mutiara Bunda PAUD in Pasaman Sub-District, Pasaman Barat Regency. The statistical analysis supports the alternative hypothesis, indicating a notable enhancement in children's motor skills after engaging in the traditional game. This highlights the efficacy of integrating such traditional games into early childhood education to foster comprehensive development. The implications extend to educators, parents, and future researchers, emphasizing the value of incorporating cultural games, such as bakiak, into curricula for improved developmental outcomes in early childhood. The study recommends sustained integration of traditional games in educational practices, and future research could explore broader contexts and diverse traditional games to enrich the understanding of their educational benefits.

Parents are encouraged to actively involve children in these games, promoting not only physical development but also social interaction and cultural awareness. Overall, the findings contribute to enhancing the educational experiences of young children through culturally rooted activities.

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