I would like to thank everyone in this room today for your enthusiasm and participation in the 4th International Conference on Planning in the Age of Uncertainty at Universitas Brawijaya. We have focused on the discussion of sustainable development from the very beginning because we truly believe that this topic is highly relevant to what we face in planning now and in the future. It was a very memorable discussion in which we explored many interdisciplinary problems and solutions in the field of planning.
We then developed our topic into sustainable development in 2015, as we considered it an underlying topic for all relevant problems and solutions. The topic of Strengthening Urban Sustainability Goals in Rural Areas is yet another situation that we can all relate to. Looking back on the events we have organized so far, we have learned that the drive to achieve sustainability has attracted ever-growing global interest.
We received papers from Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, Sweden, France, and also Indonesia, discussing and showcasing multi-level efforts to achieve sustainable development from different perspectives. I would like to thank our dear sponsors, Universitas Brawijaya, the Faculty of Engineering, ESRI, Institut Atsiri, Persada Printing, UB Press, RRI, UB TV for their support that allowed us to organize this event. To conclude this speech, I would like to welcome you back to Malang, I wish you a wonderful two-day seminar, and I look forward to learning new insights.
Executive Manager : Dadang Meru Utomo, ST., MURP Executive Vice President : Deni Agus Setyono, ST.
Bauhäusle as a Cohousing Project
- Introduction
- Method
- Results
- Conclusion
- References
Any further distribution of this work must retain credit to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal reference and DOI. According to the [9], Bauhäusle can be assumed to be applied cohousing concept especially referring to resident-led model. This model includes the residents' involvement in the design, management and production processes of the project, together with the formation of the community.
Bauhäusle was built under the supervision of the great minds Peter Sulzer and Peter Hübner. It is the most beautiful, untraditional and at the same time the cheapest dormitory in the state of Baden-Württemberg. In disguise, the Bauhäusle concept also led to other similar projects, for example: the construction of the ESA student flat in Kaiserslautern or the terp houses in Stuttgart-Hohenheim.
This research was carried out by doing several research methods, such as: 1) Interviewing students living in Bauhäusle to get information about activities and inclusivity in Bauhäusle, 2) literature reviews, which are taken from websites and books. In the end, it basically depends on the residents to decide on the interior design. At the beginning of the concept, the professors were the initiators and helped the students from the design to the construction phase of the housing project.
This idea will bring more cohesion by creating connections and social networks within a community, empowering people through engagement in decision-making and will push residents to be more active, creative and participatory in relation to their municipal space and society. Cooperation with private companies that can supply raw materials for the construction and maintenance of the cohousing project. An action plan is necessary to provide an overview of implementation in order to achieve the vision.
In short, projects like community-led housing are a key influencer in a growing economy. Regarding crime, in order to reduce the risk of crime, citizens who are motivated to participate in a shared apartment must provide complete information about themselves and share it with the developers and other citizens who want to participate in the same shared apartment, so that they know each other. Any redistribution of this work must include attribution of the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation, and DOI.
Impacts of Urban Consolidation Centres for Sustainable City Logistics Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming Based
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Multi-Agent Simulation
Methods
These costs include fixed vehicle utilization costs, travel costs, and penalty costs, which are calculated by the Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows (VRPSTW) [ 18 ]. The UCC operator has been considered a private or public company that consolidates and delivers the goods from the UCC to customers. Therefore, the UCC operator's objective is to maximize the profit, which is the difference between revenue (obtained by multiplying the UCC fee by the total demand (parcels) that the carrier provides to the UCC) and delivery costs (calculated by VRPSTW).
The carrier can choose between two possible promotions, namely Direct Delivery (DD) or Joint Delivery System (JDS). Operating costs and total additional parking costs are immediate rewards for the freight carrier associated with the DD campaign. Another learning intermediary, the UCC operator, has three options for managing the UCC fee, namely price increase, fixed price and price decrease.
This study applied the Multi-agent, Simulation-Adaptive, Dynamic-Programming-based Reinforcement Learning (MAS-ADP-based RL) to evaluate the impact of Joint Delivery Systems (JDS) measured with Urban Consolidation Center. For more details on the MAS-ADP based RL formulation, readers are referred to Firdausiyah et al. As mentioned earlier, Q-learning based MAS has been extensively used in the evaluation of city logistics policies (including the UCC) and as one of the objectives of this research is to come up with a more accurate evaluation tool (i.e. the ADP -based MAS), this research compared the MAS-ADP with the Q-learning [19].
In addition, this research used the VRPTW (Vehicle Routing Problem with Fuzzy Time Window) model to calculate the transportation costs for either the freight carriers or the UCC operator. For more details on the VRPSTW formulation and solution algorithms, readers are referred to Qureshi et al., [18]. To assess the environmental benefits of using UCC, this research calculated emissions using a qualitative assessment index for the basic unit of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) produced by trucks. .
Results and Discussions
Accuracy of the outcomes obtained in the MAS-ADP and MAS-Q learning is important for the learning models to evaluate a sustainable city logistics scheme (such as UCC in this study). Similarly, in the case of the UCC operator, the percentage gap between the expected profit and the experienced profits in the ADP-based simulation was also lower (46.4%) than the Q-learning based simulation (51.9%) as in Figure shown 2(b). This means that the implementation of the UCC as a sustainable city logistics policy is effective in reducing the delivery cost for a cargo carrier.
To calculate profitability, we compared the difference in experienced profits for a UCC operator in a learning environment with a freight carrier and without learning. In the learning environment, we assumed that the UCC operator would update the UCC fee every day by realizing the reward (profit) received based on the business provided by the freight carriers. Therefore, it is assumed that the UCC operator will offer a fixed UCC fee (¥150/package) to the cargo carrier every day.
The negative profit means that UCC could not cover the downstream delivery costs based on the business (demand) received from the carriers. If the UCC operator is modeled as a learning agent, it learns from these negative reward values to adjust the UCC fee (possibly attracting more demand) and becomes profitable again. It is important for the UCC operator to learn from the behavior of the carriers (by refusing to join the UCC due to high fees) in order to become profitable.
Furthermore, Figure 5 shows that using ADP as the learning model of the UCC operator's behavior is better than Q learning. The two simulations suggest different management actions of the UCC rate level by the QKUK operator- of, which resulted in the difference in the profits experienced. The UCC fee suggested by ADP is always 7% lower, on average, than the UCC fee suggested by Q-learning (Figure 5(a)).
The impact is also evident in the profits received by UCC operator, which was 3.7% when using the UCC fee proposed by ADP (130 JPY/ package on average), compared to 2.1% using the Q -learning (140 JPY/ packet) on average) (Figure 5(b)). We evaluated the impact of UCC by calculating the total emissions (CO2, NOx and SPM) from the delivery activities made by freight carriers and the UCC operator with and without UCC with ADP and Q-learning. The experienced emission level of CO2 (Figure 6(a)), NOx (Figure 6(b)), and SMP (Figure 6(c)), obtained under ADP-based simulation is 5% lower than the Q-learning based simulation .
Conclusions
The existence of UCC will reduce 36% (ADP) and 31% (Q-learning) of total emissions compared to the situation without UCC (Figure 6). As already explained, the differences in the result between these two simulations are due to the different choice of actions suggested by the learning model. This means that using ADP as a learning model for both agents is better than using Q learning, as the first choice can reduce 36% of the total emissions released into the environment;.
G Evaluation of load factor management and common arrangements for urban freight pricing with multi-agent systems learning models. Evaluation of distance-based and cordon-based urban freight road pricing in e-commerce environment with multi-agent model. Towards an agent-based modeling approach for evaluating dynamic use of urban distribution centers.
An Instantaneous Path Planning Algorithm for Indoor Mobile A Robot Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning. 34; Reconciliation of socio-economic and environmental data in a GIS context: An example from rural England", Applied.
Instructor