It is mentioned frequently in the account of the wars of the latter with the Syrians. It is not impossible that tannim and ‘iyim may be different names of the jackals.
NAME
The answer to this question depends upon the degree of strength with which the Divine name was felt to be the subject of the verb As Jacob-el, the simplest interpretation of the name is undoubtedly, as Baethgen urges (Beitrage zur sem. Religionsgeschichte, 158), “God rewardeth” ((d) above), like. Hence, there is no ground to deny that even in the patriarchal period, this. familiar personal name Jacob lay ready at hand — a name ready made, as it were — for this child, in view of the peculiar circumstances of its birth; we may say, indeed, one could not escape the use of it.
PLACE IN THE PATRIARCHAL SUCCESSION
With Jacob the last person is reached who, for his own generation, thus sums up in a single individual “the seed” of promise. He becomes the father of 12 sons, who are the progenitors of the tribes of the “peculiar people.”.
BIOGRAPHY
Next came the 4 sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, the personal slaves of the two wives (compare ABRAHAM, IV, 2); the two pairs of sons were probably of about the same age (compare order in Genesis 49). At about the same time the eldest of the 12, Reuben, forfeited the honor of his station in the family by an act that showed all too.
CHARACTER AND BELIEFS
This was a crisis in the history of the “Kingdom of God” on a paragraph with events like the Exodus, the Exile, or the Return. In the first revelation, naturally, the effort is made chiefly to impress upon its recipient the identity of the revealing God with the God of his fathers.
God elected Jacob to be the recipient of the covenant-promise made to his father Isaac and to his grandfather Abraham;. In Egypt the children of Jacob multiplied rapidly, and at his death he made the sons of Joseph the heirs of the only portion of Canaanitish soil that he had acquired.
MODERN INTERPRETATIONS OF JACOB
- POSITION OF WELL
- WHY DUG
- CONSENSUS OF TRADITION
- DESCRIPTION
- PRESENT CONDITION
From the narratives of the pilgrims we learn that at different times churches have been built over the well. The Israelites got possession of the place and assigned it to the tribe of Reuben.
THE SON OF ZEBEDEE
- Family Relations, etc
- First Call
- Probation and Ordination
- Apostleship
- Death
According to the Genealogies of the Apostles (compare Budge, Contendings of the Apostles, II, 50), James was of the house of Gad. There is evidence in apocryphal literature of a Simon, a son of Clopas, who was also one of the disciples (compare NATHANAEL).
JAMES, “THE LORD’S BROTHER”
In the Gospels
The Martyrdom of James, the son of Alpheus (compare Budge, ib, 264-66) records that James was stoned by the Jews for preaching Christ, and was “buried by the Sanctuary In Jerusalem.”. Some have applied the phrase “his mother’s sister” in <431925>John 19:25 to Mary the wife of Clopas, instead of to a separate person, and have thus attempted to identify James the son of Alpheus with James the brother of our Lord.
In the Epistles
There is no Scriptural account of the death of James From <460905>1 Corinthians 9:5 it has been inferred that he was married. Gospel of the Infancy, by Thomas the Israelite philosopher,” being cured of a snake-bite by the infant Jesus (compare Hennecke, Handbuch zu den neutestamentlichen Apokryphen, 73).
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPISTLE
The body of the epistle is Jewish, and the outward life to which it exhorts is that of a profoundly pious Jew. He has little or nothing to say about the great doctrines of the Christian church.
AUTHOR OF THE EPISTLE
No man among them commanded the esteem of the entire population as much as he. All the characteristics of the epistle seem explicable on the supposition of authorship by James the brother of the Lord.
THE STYLE OF THE EPISTLE
They are memorable sayings, treasured in the speech of the world ever since his day. Did the Master close the great sermon with His parable of the Wise Man and the Foolish Man, saying,.
DATE OF THE EPISTLE
Then we notice that James begins his epistle with the same paradoxical putting of the Christian faith, “Count it all joy, my brethren, when ye fall into. We remember how Jesus proceeded in His sermon to set forth the spiritual significance and the assured permanence of the law; and we notice that James treats the law with the same respect and puts upon it the same high value. Then in the Epistle of James we find a like question, “Can a fig tree, my brethren, yield olives, or a vine figs?” (3:12).
HISTORY OF THE EPISTLE
James,” he says, “has aimed to refute those who relied on faith without works, and is too weak for his task in mind, understanding, and words, mutilates the Scriptures, and thus directly contradicts Paul and all. The faith meant by James is the faith of a dead orthodoxy, an intellectual assent to the dogmas of the church which does not result in any practical. The justification meant by James is the justification of any after-moment in the Christian life, and the final justification before the judgment throne.
MESSAGE OF THE EPISTLE TO OUR TIMES
- EGYPTIAN MAGICIANS
- MENTIONED BY PLINY AND OTHERS
- TRADITIONS
- ORIGEN’S STATEMENT
- DERIVATION
- ETYMOLOGIES OF JAPHETH
- HIS DESCENDANTS
- HIS PLACE AMONG THE SONS OF NOAH
- JAPHETH AND IAPETOS
- OBSCURITY OF THE NAME
- MEANING OF THE WORD
- HISTORICAL REFERENCE
- OTHER VIEWS
- CHRONOLOGY OF REIGN
- LOW CONDITION OF THE KINGDOM
- ISRAEL AND SYRIA
- THE ELISHA EPISODES
- HIS IDOLATRY
- PARTIAL REFORM
The life of our Lord is the most important life in the history of the race. Jerusalem from JESUSITE (which see), the name of the local tribe who owned the district in the first centuries of Israel’s occupation of Canaan. In the lists of the peoples inhabiting Palestine the “Jebusite” is always placed last, a fact indicative, probably, of their smaller number.
NINTH KING OF JUDAH 1. His Early Preservation
Levites from Judah (<142302>2 Chronicles 23:2), and made the necessary arrangements for guarding the palace and the person of the king. Jehoash next appears standing on a platform in front of the temple, the law of the testimony in his hand and the crown upon his head. Time passed, and in the 23rd year of the king’s reign (his 30th year), it was found that the breaches of the house had still not been repaired.
TWELVETH KING OF ISRAEL 1. Accession and Reign
- SOURCES
- HIS REIGN
- THE TWO ELEMENTS
- THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS LATER
- JEHOIADA AND THE REVOLT AGAINST ATHALIAH
- JEHOIADA AND THE RESTORATION OF THE TEMPLE
With the prisoners were carried away also the most valuable treasures of the temple and the royal palace. The revolt proves popular with the people of Jerusalem and those of the district, and Athaliah is slain in the palace. Athaliah hears the noise of the people (11:13, where “the guard” is a gloss and so to be omitted), and comes to the temple, where she witnesses the revolt and cries, “Treason.
SOURCES FOR HIS LIFE AND TIME
In any case, Zephaniah could not have been the direct successor of the well-known Jehoiada, and so the reference can scarcely be to him if it is to have any meaning. Yahweh’s retributive justice for the sins of Manasseh; while to the Chronicler the sum of his acts, apparently connected with the desecration of the sanctuary, is characterized as “the abominations which he did.” For. For the moral and spiritual chaos of the time, and for prophecies and incidents throwing much light on the king’s character, Jeremiah has a number of extended passages, not, however, in consecutive order.
CHARACTER AND EVENTS OF HIS REIGN
The dominating world-empire was now in the hands of the Chaldeans, “that bitter and hasty nation”. It is ambiguously intimated also that the king was deported; and among “the seed royal and of the nobles” who were of the company were Daniel and his three companions (<270103>Daniel 1:3,6). Elisha, however, survived Jehoram many years, and it is possible that some of the events are to be referred to subsequent reigns.
NINTH KING OF ISRAEL 1. His Religious Policy
The allies marched against Moab by the longer route, around the southern end of the Dead Sea, indicating that Moab was. In the defense of the city, Jehoram, who was assisted by his nephew, Ahaziah, was wounded, and returned to Jezreel to be healed of his wounds. Is it peace, Jehu?” he received a brutal reply that no longer left him in doubt as to the intention of the conspirator.
KING OF JUDAH 1. His Marriage
- HIS RELIGIOUS POLICY
- HIS SYSTEM OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
- HIS JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS
- HIS MILITARY DEFENSES
- HIS FOREIGN POLICY
- HIS ALLIANCE WITH AHAB
- HIS ALLIANCE WITH JEHORAM
- VICTORY OVER THE MOABITES AND AMMONITES
- DESTRUCTION OF JEHOSHAPHAT’S FLEET
- HIS DEATH
- OFFICER OF AHAB
- JEHORAM AT RAMOTH-GILEAD AND JEZREEL
- THE ANOINTING OF JEHU
- THE REVOLUTION — DEATH OF JEHORAM
- DEATH OF JEZEBEL
- SLAUGHTER OF AHAB’S DESCENDANTS
- SLAUGHTER OF AHAZIAH’S BRETHREN
- MASSACRE OF THE WORSHIPPERS OF BAAL
- WARS WITH HAZAEL
- ASSYRIAN NOTICES
- TRIBUTE OF JEHU
- NAME AND PERSON
- LIFE OF JEREMIAH
- THE PERSONAL CHARACTER OF JEREMIAH
- THE PROPHECIES OF JEREMIAH
- THE BOOK OF JEREMIAH
- AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY OF THE BOOK
- RELATION TO THE SEPTUAGINT (SEPTUAGINT)
- NAME
- CANONICITY AND POSITION
- CONTENTS
- ORIGINAL LANGUAGE
- AUTHORSHIP, DATE AND AIM
- TEXT AND VERSIONS
Many find the historical basis of the Midrash in the events recorded in <120301>2 Kings 3:4 ff. Kittel, in his History of the Hebrews (II, 233, English translation) is disposed to accept this view. He again returned to the court of the guard, where he remained until Jerusalem was taken.
A special problem is furnished by the relation of the text of Jeremiah to the Alexandrian version of the Seventy (Septuagint). In the bestknown printed of the Septuagint (Tischendorf, Swete, etc.), the order is Jeremiah, Baruch, Lain, Epistle of Jeremy.
JEROBOAM I 1. Sources
Jeroboam, the son of a widow, would be the first to feel the gall of oppression and to give voice to the suffering of the people. Jeroboam was sent for and raised to the throne by the choice and approval of the popular assembly. A new and popular festival on the model of the feasts at Jerusalem was also established.
JEROBOAM II 1. His Warlike Policy
The condition of the eastern world favored his projects, for Assyria was at the time engaged, under. Hamath was taken, and thus were restored the eastern boundaries of the kingdom, as they were in the time of David (<131305>1 Chronicles 13:5). Side by side with this luxury, the poor of the land were in the utmost distress.
THE NAME
With regard to the meaning of the original name there is no concurrence of opinion. The oldest known form, Uru-sa-lim, has been considered by many to mean either the “City of Peace” or the “City of (the god) Salem,” but other interpreters, considering the name as of Hebrew origin, interpret it as the “possession of peace” or “foundation of peace.” It is one of the ironies of history that a city which in all its long history has seen so little peace and for whose possession such rivers of blood have been shed should have such a possible meaning for its name. In Arabic the common name is Beit el Maqdis, “the holy house,” or [el Muqaddas], “the holy,” or the common name, used by the Moslems everywhere today, el Quds, a shortened form of el Quds esh Sheref, “the noble sanctuary.”.
GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND SPRINGS
There is only one actual spring in the Jerusalem area, and even to this some authorities would deny the name of true spring on account of the. Fount.” All the archaeological evidence points to this as the original source of attraction of earliest occupants of the site; in the Old Testament this spring is known as GIHON (which see). The water arises in the actual bottom, though apparent west side, of the Kidron valley some 300 yards due South of the south wall of the Charam.
THE NATURAL SITE
It gradually curves to the South, and as it runs East of the city walls, it receives the name of Wady Sitti Miriam (the “Valley of the Lady Mary”). Below the Southeast corner of the temple-area, near the traditional “Tomb of Absalom,” the valley rapidly deepens and takes a direction slightly to the West of South. Anne’s Valley.” It arises in the plateau near “Herod’s Gate,” known as es Sahra, and entering the city about 100 yards to the East of that gate, runs South-Southeast., and leaves the city between the Northeast angle of the Charam and the Golden Gate, joining the Kidron valley farther Southeast.
GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY OF JERUSALEM
The description can apply only to the semicircular shape of the southeastern hill, as viewed from the. Today it is the “Christian quarter” of Jerusalem, which centers round the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Originally “City of David” was only the name of the Jebusite fort, but later it became equivalent to the whole southeastern hill.
EXCAVATIONS AND ANTIQUITIES
During 1872-75 Lieutenant (later Lieutenant-Colonel) Conder, R.E., in the course of the great survey of Western Palestine, made further contributions to our knowledge of the Holy City. Bliss (son of Daniel Bliss, D.D., then president of the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut), assisted by Mr. Discoveries of great interest were also made in the neighborhood of the Pool of Siloam (see SILOAM).
THE CITY’S WALLS AND GATES
