IoT Monitoring for Solar Powered Pump Applied in Hydroponic House

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International Journal of Research In Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)

VOL. 2, NO. 2, August 2022, PP. 23~30

Print ISSN 2777-0168| Online ISSN 2777-0141| DOI prefix: 10.53893 https://journal.gpp.or.id/index.php/ijrvocas/index

23

IoT Monitoring for Solar Powered Pump Applied in Hydroponic House

Yurika Islamiati

^{1, *}

, Tresna Dewi

²

, Rusdianasari

³

1AppliedMaster of Renewable Energy Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia

2Electrical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia

3Renewable Energy Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia

Email address:

yurikaislami@gmail.com

To cite this article:

Islamiati, Y., Dewi, T. ., & Rusdianasari. IoT Monitoring for Solar Powered Pump Applied in Hydroponic House. International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS), 2(2), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i2.102

Received: 06 22, 2022; Accepted: 07 20, 2022; Published: 08 17, 2022

Abstract:

Photovoltaic systems are used and utilized as electricity needs in many developed countries, including Indonesia.

Currently, photovoltaic systems are an alternative source of electricity that is cheap, affordable and easy to apply in public facilities to use in laboratories. Public and government awareness of the decline in fossil fuels and pollution caused by the use of conventional power plants increases the application of renewable energy as an alternative greening in Indonesia. Technology is growing rapidly from year to year, one of which can be seen in the world of agriculture. This development has resulted in reduced farming land, especially in urban areas. So, there are several innovations that have emerged to increase crop productivity.

With these problems, hydroponic techniques can be combined with IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The use of IoT is increasingly being used both on devices and in products that require connections such as wireless sensors, smart meters, and home automation systems. The quality of an IoT product can be seen from several parameters, namely low power consumption, longer range, wireless connectivity and higher data processing capabilities. IoT can be interpreted as communication between one device and another using the internet. This study provides recommendations for the utilization of PV system applications in the use of hydroponic plants and will display the results of data measurements in the field and discuss data on measuring battery voltage, current, power, solar panel voltage, solar current panels and irradiance.

Keywords:

photovoltaic, renewable energy, internet of things, hydroponic

1. Introduction

Photovoltaic systems are used and utilized as electricity needs in many developed countries, including Indonesia.

Currently, photovoltaic systems are an alternative source of electricity that is cheap, affordable and easy to apply in public facilities to use in laboratories [1-2]. Public and government awareness of the decline in fossil fuels and pollution caused by the use of conventional power plants is increasing the application of renewable energy as an alternative greening in Indonesia [3-4]. Although Solar Power Plants (PLTS) seem to be the answer to the scarcity of conventional fossil fuels, Photovoltaic Panels (PV) as the main power plant still have to deal with efficiency problems [5-7]. Technology is growing

rapidly from year to year, one of which can be seen in the world of agriculture. This development has resulted in reduced farming land, especially in urban areas. So there are several innovations that have emerged to increase crop productivity. Hydroponics is one of the innovations that is quite familiar in the community. The definition of hydroponics itself is a medium for farming that uses water and without using soil [8-9]. With the hydroponic method, we can take advantage of the narrow land that is around us, very suitable for those who live in urban areas. With these problems, hydroponic techniques can be combined with IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The use of IoT is

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require connections such as wireless sensors, smart meters, and home automation systems. The quality of an IoT product can be seen from several parameters, namely low power consumption, longer range, wireless connectivity and higher data processing capabilities. IoT can be interpreted as communication between one device and another using the internet [10-11].

The pattern of gardening with hydroponics provides a solution for residents living in urban areas because hydroponics is a way of planting with water media which is an alternative medium to replace soil. The use of IoT technology provides convenience because maintenance can be done by the system itself and monitoring and controlling the hydroponic system can be done anywhere. A smartphone can be used as a device to monitor and control the system when on the smartphone an android-based application is made that is connected to the internet network [12-13].

With the advancement of technology, the weather physical regulation process can be adjusted using an automatic control system so that hydroponic owners do not always have to be in the room but with this automatic control system, hydroponic owners can do other routines because hydroponics has been programmed in such a way by a computer so that hydroponics will perform its function according to what has been programmed [13]. However, the current reality is that the technology still uses electricity whose source is from the use of conventional energy sources such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas and others on the one hand has cheap operational costs, but on the other hand faces increasingly large obstacles [14-15]. These obstacles are the source of the diminishing and more importantly the emergence of the problem of environmental pollution that is harmful to human life [15].

The problem that will be raised by this study is the design and realization of the use of IoT to monitor solar hydroponic systems and the purpose of the study is how to design and apply the use of IoT to monitor solar hydroponic systems.

2. Literature Review

2.1. Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a structure in which objects, people are provided with an exclusive identity and the ability to move data through a network without the need for two directions between human to human i.e., source to destination or human-to-computer interaction [16-17]. To produce machine interactions without human intervention requires programming argumentation, this is how IoT works. Humans in the Internet of Things are tasked with organizing and supervising from machines that work directly [17]. There are several elements that make up IoT, namely artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, and the use of small devices. Automatic or wireless control is a method used on the Internet of Things [18].

Hydroponic literally means Hydro = water, and phonic = workmanship. So that in general means agricultural cultivation system without the use of soil but using water containing nutrient solutions. Hydroponic cultivation is usually carried out inside greenhouse to keep it optimal and correct plant growth protected from the influence of external elements such as rain, pests disease, climate and others.

Advantages of some cultivation by using Hydroponic system literally means Hydro = water, and phonic = workmanship. So that in general means agricultural cultivation system without the use of soil but using water containing nutrient solutions.

Hydroponic cultivation is usually carried out inside greenhouse to keep it optimal and correct plant growth protected from the influence of external elements such as rain, pests disease, climate and others. Advantages of multiple cultivations using the system [19].

2.2. Definition of Solar Cells (Photovoltaic)

Solar panels are assembled devices of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity. When producing solar panels, manufacturers must ensure that solar cells are electrically interconnected with each other in the system. Solar cells also need to be protected from moisture and mechanical damage as this can significantly damage the efficiency of solar panels and lower the expected service life. Solar panels usually have a lifespan of 20+ years which usually within that time frame the owner of the solar panel will not experience a significant decrease in efficiency. However, even with the advancement of cutting-edge technology, most commercial solar panels today only achieve 15% efficiency, and this is certainly one of the main reasons why the solar energy industry is still unable to compete with fossil fuels. Commercial solar panels are extremely rare that surpass 20% efficiency. The ideal position of solar panels is to face directly to sunlight (to ensure maximum efficiency) [20-21].

Modern solar panels have good overheating protection in the form of thermally conductive cement. Overheating protection is important because solar panels convert less than 20% of existing solar energy into electricity, while the rest will be wasted as heat, and without adequate protection overheating events can significantly reduce the efficiency of solar panels. Solar panels are very easy in terms of maintenance because there are no moving parts. The only thing to worry about is to make sure to get rid of everything that can block sunlight to those solar panels. In that process the solar cell produces a voltage of 0.5-1 Volts depending on the intensity of the light and the type of semiconductor substance used. Meanwhile, the energy intensity contained in sunlight that reaches the surface of the earth is about 1000 Watts. But because the usability of converting radiant energy into electrical energy based on photovoltaic effects has only reached 25%, the maximum electricity production produced by solar cells has only reached 250 Watts per m² [21-22].

2.1. Working Principle of Solar Cells (Photovoltaic)

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panels mostly uses Poly Cristallyne Sillicon as their photocell semiconductor material. The principle is the same as the principle of the p-n diode the figure below illustrates the working principle of the panel photovoltaic.

Figure 1. Working Principle of Photovoltaic Solar Cells In simple terms, the process of forming electromotive force in a solar cell is as follows:

The sunlight pounding the solar panels is then absorbed by semiconductor materials such as silicon. Electrons (negative charges) are thrown out of their atoms so that they flow through semiconductor materials to generate electricity. It flows in the opposite direction to the electrons on silicon solar panels. The combination/arrangement of several solar panels converts solar energy into a dc power source, which will later be stored in a container called a battery [23-24].

3. Research Methodology

3.1. Time and Place of Research

This research will be carried out in 4 stages, namely, the observation and research stage, the planning stage, the construction and trial stages and the research site are carried out at the PLN UP2D Jakabaring Palembang office.

3.2. Tools and Materials

The tools used in the design consist of hardware consisting of a computer / laptop, Arduino Uno, solar panels, inverters, charger control and a set of electronic equipment, while the software used is an esp 32 program for the control program water pump, solar panels, Panel Box, Battery, Charger Controller, Relay, Voltage Sensor, Current Sensor and Water Discharge Sensor.

3. 3. Hydroponic Construction Design

Figure 2. Hydroponic Construction Design From figure 2. You can see the image of the smart model to be created. From the whole picture there are several components that are assembled using materials obtained from the store and made by yourself. Other components are made of iron oil, wooden blocks, plastic, gears, chains and others.

3.4. Design System Block Diagram

Figure 3. Design System Block Diagram

A detailed explanation of the block diagram is presented as follows.

The solar panel functions as a catcher of sunlight radiation which will then be converted into a source of electrical energy, where the sensor as a control of the scheduling time of the process of switching on and off the circulation pump with the input voltage from the solar panel will enter the solar charge controller module.

Then the storage of electrical energy from solar panels will enter the 12 V Accumulator then the DC do DC Stepdown Module as a voltage lowering which is 12 V to a voltage of 5 V which is used as the input voltage of the microcontroller as a controller of all the overall system made, the 2 Channel willing module there as a saccharine automatically controls the microcontroller commands which will turn on the watering pump. Wi-Fi functions as a serial communication between an Android smartphone and a microcontroller through an application that has been created through the MIT APP inventor 2 software.

This research will be carried out in 4 stages, namely, the observation and research stage, the planning stage, the construction and trial stages and the research site are carried out at the PLN UP2D Jakabaring Palembang office.

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Figure 4. Research Flow Chart

In the research flow chart where the author before conducting the study, there are several steps that the author did can be seen in the picture above, starting from finding references, formulating problems, designing from making plant rack mechanics, solar panels, to control units whether all designs are functioning properly and testing the system whether it is running well and evaluating the system to get conclusions in this study.

4. Results and Discussion

4.1. Experimental Discussion

Construction design starts from October 2021 to January 2022. The construction manufacturing stage is an important stage of all stages of research because it is part of the treatment.

The study was carried out for one month from January 27 to February 25. Measurement data is collected every hour from 07.00 to 17.00 per day with android smartphones as data retrieval.

This research will be carried out in 4 stages, namely, the

out at the PLN UP2D Jakabaring Palembang office.

Figure 3. Solar Panel Construction Manufacturing Process The study used three 100 WP monocystalline (W-peak) panels mounted on top of a hydroponic construction, as shown in figure 3. Where all circuits are installed according to a predetermined place ranging from batteries, panel boxes, solar panels and 45 Watt 12 VDC water pumps that regulate water control in hydroponics.

4.2. Discussion Analysis

The research was conducted at 07.00 to 17.00 every day, where data retrieval is carried out using an android smartphone, below are some examples when data collection takes place using the BLYNK application.

Figure 4. It is a display on an Android smartphone using the BLYNK application

In figure 4. It shows one example when data collection takes place at 09.26, where in the BLYNK application there are several colors as a differentiator starting from green which

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

27-Jan 29-Jan 31-Jan 2-Feb 4-Feb 6-Feb 8-Feb 10-Feb 12-Feb 14-Feb 16-Feb 18-Feb 20-Feb 22-Feb 24-Feb

AVERAGE VALUE VOLTAGE SOLAR PANEL (V)

RESEARCH TAKING TIME

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

27-Jan 3-Feb 10-Feb 17-Feb 24-Feb

AVERAGE BVALUE CURRAENT BATTERAY (A)

RESEARCH TAKING TIME 0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

AVERAGE VALUE CURRENT SOLAR PANEL (A)

voltage of 13.47 V, there is also a red color that displays data on battery current of 3.67 A and data on solar panel current of 59.93 A, there is also a brown color that displays 48.4 W battery power data and data on solar panel power of 801.8 W, and blue color displays irradience data of 9158.46 W/m² indicating that the higher the irradiance, the higher the power generated, and vice versa. Where the solar radiation (irradience) captured by the PV panel at 09:26 is quite sunny weather.

Figure 5. It is a display on an Android smartphone using the BLYNK application

In figure 5. Shows one example when data collection takes place at 14.32, where in the BLYNK application there are several colors as a differentiator starting from green which displays data on the battery voltage of 12.29 V and the solar panel voltage of 13.84 V, there is also a red color that displays data on the battery current of 2.77 A and data on the solar panel current of 4.91 A, there is also a brown color that displays 34 W battery power data and data on solar panel power of 67.9 W, and blue color displays irradience data of 755,385 W/m² indicating that the higher the irradiance, the higher the power generated, and vice versa. Where the solar radiation (irradience) captured by the PV panel at 14:32 is cloudy weather.

4.3. Results and Graphs from IoT Data Capture

The study was conducted over 30 days with varying weather conditions. During the study, the varied weather conditions also made the values generated during the study unbalanced.

Figure 6. Voltage Battery (V)

The data generated per day shows that the graph has experienced a not too significant increase and decrease where the highest voltage on February 15 was 13.31 V with an average voltage for 30 days of 12.69 V.

Figure 7. Solar Panel Voltage (A)

The experiment conducted showed that on February 13, the highest solar panel voltage value produced was 14.27 V where the average solar panel voltage for 30 days was 13.19 V.

Figure 8. Current Battery (A)

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10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5

27-Jan 3-Feb 10-Feb 17-Feb 24-Feb

AVERAGE VALUE VOLTAGE BATTERY (V)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

AVERAGE VALUE POWER BATTERY (W)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

AVERAGE VALUE POWER SOLAR PANEL (W)

Conducted for 30 days shows that the chart has increased and decreased periodically with stability, the highest current was on January 27 at a value of 3.51 A, another reason for the difference in values is becausethe intensity of radiation produced by the sun is not very constant on each day, where the average current for 30 days is 2.85 A.

Figure 9. Solar Panel Current (A)

The experiment conducted from the graph of solar panel current produced the highest current on January 30 was 44.503 A and where the average solar panel current for 30 days was 22.552 A.

Figure 10. Power Battery (W)

The trials carried out showed the highest results on the third day with an average score of 38.17 W. The value obtained for 30 days where the average power is 28,638 W, this is also due to the influence of the intensity of the radiation produced.

The experiment conducted by graph solar panel power highest on January 30 was 635.85 W another reason for the difference in values produced because the intensity of radiation produced by the sun is not too constant on a daily basis where the average solar panel power for 30 days is 209.34 W.

Figure 12. Irradiance Graphics (Watts/M2) The experiment conducted showed that the highest irradiance value on February 1 with an irradiance value

of

6749.4 W/M² and the lowest value on February 28 was 1084.85 W/M²with an average irradiance for 30 days of 3399.90 W/M², the performance depends on the size of solar radiation (Irradiance) captured by the panel PV.

Conclusion

Solar power can be an excellent solution to produce electricity as a substitute for electricity from PLN in hydroponic plants with the use of the Internet of Things in monitoring PV systems need to be monitored to ensure maximum power output. For remote monitoring of hydroponic plants can be monitored on android smartphones with the help of the BLYNK application which can display data during the study where the ratio of power generated per day for each installed PV panel, its performance depends on the size of solar radiation (Irradiance) captured by the PV panel. That is increasingly high irradiance, the higher the power generated, and vice versa. Weather conditions vary where the weather is quite sunny occurs on February 1 and February 25, 2022.

Where the average irradiation is very high on that date and is proportional to the power generated. Cumulative irradiation occurring on February 1 was 6749.41 W/m², and February 25 was 6383.15 W/m². Of the two dates listed, it is 616.27 Watts and 563.92 Watts is the highest total load power generated on February 1 and 25, 2022.

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