ISEFAN: Design and Development of IoT (Internet of Things) Based Dirty Air Filtration Device
Nabila Apriliyani1, Nasswa Nuraini2, Nalendra Giga Prayogo4, Nadine Sofiyana Putri4, Xaviera Adara Cynthia Haryadi5.
1. Nabila Apriliyani, MAN 2 Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia ([email protected]);
2. Nalendra Giga Prayogo, MAN 2 Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia ([email protected]);
3. Nasswa Nuraini, MAN 2 Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia ([email protected]) 4. Nadine Sofiyana Putri, MAN 2 Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia ([email protected]);
5. Xaviera Adara Chyntia Haryadi, MAN 2 Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia ([email protected]).
Abstract
Air pollution is a problem that over time has not disappeared from the topic of Indonesian problems. Don't forget that technological developments are increasingly rapid. This research aims to develop an air filter product into ISEFAN, namely an air filter
product that can detect air and is practical. The research uses IoT to control the product remotely via the ESP32 and the MQ 135 gas sensor to detect gas detected in the surrounding area assisted by an air filter made from coconut fiber. The results of the
research are air filters that are effective and can be applied in closed rooms 1. Introduction
Air pollution in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, has become a serious problem recently. Air pollution is also referred to as the entry of substances, energy or other components of the air by human activities, thereby exceeding predetermined air quality standards. The quality of dirty air is also influenced by pollutants that spread through clean air, so that clean air is contaminated by these substances.
Jakarta is experiencing air pollution which is quite worrying. This problem can be more serious if we look at the air quality. According to AQI data for 20 October 2023, Jakarta's AQI quality today is 107. The website states that an index of 0-50 is healthy air quality, 50-100 is moderate,
100-150 is considered poor.
Based on these
indicators, Jakarta with an AQI result of 107 is classified as bad. These results show the poor air quality in Jakarta According to the presentation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry
(LHK), regarding improving
Jabodetabek's air quality, which was delivered at a Limited Cabinet Meeting at the State Palace, the
transportation sector is the largest user of fuel in Jakarta. The data shows that the transportation sector contributes 44% of
fuel use in Jakarta, followed by the energy industry at 31%, then industrial manufacturing at 10%, the residential sector at 14%, and the commercial sector at 1% [2]
Air pollution has been linked to the incidence of respiratory tract diseases, especially upper respiratory tract infections (ARI) in children and students [3]. Exposure to particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, is associated with exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases such as community- acquired pneumonia [3]. Hazardous chemicals are released into the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and can cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased burning of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for progressive changes in the composition of the atmosphere. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC), ozone (O3), heavy metals, and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), differ in its chemical composition, reaction nature, emissions, disintegration time and ability to degrade over long or short distances. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on
human health, affecting a number of different organ systems [4]
The internet of things (IoT) is becoming more popular day by day, because it is considered to be able to change most lives and make all human affairs easier. Along with population growth and technology, especially in the industrial sector, air conditions are now starting to be polluted by several dangerous chemicals, and are capable of damaging atmospheric conditions from day to day. We can overcome some of these air pollution problems with an efficient monitoring system and filtering system, where this system can monitor, measure, interpret and present the state of air pollution in the surroundings.
Monitoring the surrounding environment using sophisticated systems allows us to know the level of air pollution, thereby helping us to analyze and develop technology to overcome it. One of them is by using IoT tools that are integrated with the internet. Effective equipment monitoring can be done remotely by connecting to a hotspot. Data sampling is now also sophisticated. Currently, gas detection tools can also be done digitally.
Data collection is initially in the form of air but can produce a number of data. One of them is by using the MQ-135 gas sensor.
This sensor helps read incoming data and sends signals to connected hardware. Because this sensor can detect the air quality index around. This data can be updated as long as it is still connected to an internet connection 1.1 Formulation of the problem
The problem formulation that we get from drawing preliminary conclusions is:
1.How can we find out the quality of the surrounding air without checking the AQI website first?
2.How can we minimize dirty air so as to reduce the risk of respiratory disease?
3.How to set hexault automatically?
1.2 Purpose of Making Tools Of course, by designing this tool to meet the daily needs of human competence, namely:
1.Filters dirty air around ISEFAN
2.Aimed at reducing the risk of exposure to respiratory diseases, because the tool is healthier overall
3. Know the air quality index around ISEFAN
1.3 Benefits of Tool Making
1.3.1 Theoretically
1. Automate the use of IoT via smartphones for research functions for the development of science.
2.Strengthen existing theories, as well as support them through specific knowledge 3.Absorption of particles and pollutants in the air. The chemical structure of the coconut fiber filtration system allows it to absorb small particles and air pollutants, such as dust, smoke and dangerous chemicals.
4. In theory, this ISEFAN product is useful for improving air quality, using the exhaust as an air filter can help improve air quality around the affected area. This can be a significant benefit to human health and the environment.
5.To reduce allergens in the air, the use of coconut fiber in air filters is considered capable of capturing or reducing air allergens, such as pollen and animal dander, which can benefit individuals who suffer from allergies.
6. Reduction of unpleasant odors. The use of an exhaust is able to absorb chemical compounds or substances that cause unpleasant odors in the air, this can provide benefits for comfort and well- being in the room.
7.Potential for reuse or recycling. If the exhaust is a material that can be recycled or reused, then this will have the added benefit of reducing waste and promoting sustainable practices.
1.4.2 Practically
1.Facilitate the surrounding environment to create clean air.
2.Reduces the risk of allergies and helps respiratory problems in humans.
3. Reduce exposure to outdoor air pollution by filtering outdoor air before it enters the house
4.Removes unpleasant odors as well as toxic gases and chemicals from the air.
5. Increase comfort and safety in the room.
2. Method and Experimental
Details
The type of research that researchers will use is Research and Development (R&D) research using 6 stages of development methods:
1.Research and Information Collecting The first stage in this research was carried out by collecting all information related to the research object. Like previous research on coconut fiber, IoT, air filters.
2.Planning
The second stage is to prepare a research plan, to determine what you want to change and develop in the research object in order to achieve the targets you want to achieve. At this stage the researcher planned the initial design for the initial manufacture of the ISEFAN product in the form of a flowchart which functions as a process flow for a program so that it is clear and systematic.
3.Develop form of product
The third stage is carried out by preparing the initial components and forms in the manufacture and development of a product. Therefore, at this stage, researchers begin to collect tools and materials related to the tool they want to make and make a prototype as a tool to test the basic concept and functionality of the product.
1.Tools and materials
In general, the tools and materials that researchers use are Intel(R) N4020 CPU
@ 1.10GHz 1.10 GHz, Windows 11, 64bit as data collection tools. The software classification that we use is IoT applications, Windows 11. In this case, researchers use supporting tools to support the results of the discovery of tools in the form of hardware and software with the following explanation:
a. Hardware (hardware)
The use of hardware that researchers will use is:
Table 1. Hardware
b. Software (software)
The tool that the researchers developed also requires several software to support the programming, namely Arduino Cloud, IoT Application, and Windows 11.
Making a natural air filter requires ingredients such as dry coconut fiber, NaOH 450ml , and polyester fabric.
Figure 1. Development from product 4.Field Testing
The fourth stage is conducting research subject trials on several types of research objects and using a limited scale. If in the previous stage the basic concept and function of a product has worked correctly, then testing can be carried out between the research subject, namely the ISEFAN product, and the research object, namely air pollution.
In general, researchers will take several gas sources that emit CO, CO2, NH3 from paper, cigarette smoke, burning mosquito coils. So, we will process the data we get and we can formulate research results.
Figure 2. Testing stage chart
4.1 Gas Sensor Testing Name Function
ESP32 programming control center.
MQ 135 CO2, CO, smoke detection sensors.
Transforme
r Electrical center
Based on Figure 2 above, the first testing stage is sensor testing. Where in this test, the sensor's responsiveness is tested using a research object. At this stage, the research object functions as a stimulus for sensor responsiveness. This method requires monitoring the sensors that encounter the research object, observing whether the sensor can detect the research object and can respond by activating or deactivating the system which will indicate whether the sensor is functioning or not.
4.2Application Testing
Based on the image above, at this testing stage, the Internet of Things (IoT) application used in this tool is the Arduino IoT Cloud Remote application. This application can be connected to the device if you connect an internet connection (wifi) to the device. If the internet connection (wifi) and the device are not connected, the data in the application will not sync with the device. In the application there are features that are the same as the features found in the tool. Such as tool switch buttons, fan status, pollution indicators and percentage indicators. IoT applications have several functions, including enabling the collection of sensor data from physical devices to carry out monitoring remotely. In addition, integrating hardware to provide automation in various contexts, such as air filters that can be turned on or off remotely.
At this stage, application testing can be done by running the application remotely and synchronizing the data that appears in the application with the data that appears on the tool.
4.1.1Research subject
According to Arikunto (2016:26) Research subjects are boundaries of objects, things or places where data for research variables are inherent and at issue. Therefore, the subject of this research is an air filter product with a coconut fiber filter called ISEFAN.The research object that will be used is air that has been polluted or what is usually called air pollution.
4.1.2Data collection technique
In this research, we chose several data collection techniques that
are still related and in accordance with the tools we created.
1.Experiment
In general, researchers will take several gas sources that emit CO, CO2, NH3 from paper, cigarette smoke, burning mosquito coils. So, we will process the data we get and we can formulate research results.
The purpose of choosing this method is to test the work and quality of the tool.
2.Literature Study
This research also uses literature study in its data collection techniques. Researchers obtain data sources from several relevant literature such as books, journals, or scientific articles related to the research subject.
As well as to maintain the continuity of the review process and overcome the problem of misinformation (misunderstandings that usually occur due to lack of knowledge of researchers or lack of bibliography writers), cross- library checks and re-reading of literature are carried out.
4.1.3 Tool Design a.IoT Flowcharts
b.Air Filtration Process Design.
Figure 3. Flowchart and tool design.
Figure (a) shows the process of designing an IoT device by importing the MQ 135 gas sensor into the programming system. The initial design was made to include an air quality index of 1% to 100%
with limits in accordance with AQI (Air Quality Index) data. When the index shows <50%, it means the air quality around ISEFAN is clean, it will say
"STATUS: CLEAN" on the LCD Screen with the programming "TRUE". If the index shows >50%, then we can interpret that the air quality around ISEFAN is dirty, it will show "STATUS: DIRTY" on the LCD screen with the programming
"TRUE".
Figure 3 (b) explains the process of detecting dirty air by the MQ 135 sensor. Next, the data recorded on the MQ 135 sensor will be sent to the ESP 32 to process the data with preset programming. The results of the air quality index will be attached to the LCD screen. If the programming is "TRUE"
The output issued is an air pollution index based on AQI data, on/off switch button, ISEFAN status, air status color, pollution percentage. The results presented in the table will explain
with an index >50%, the relay will work to turn on automatically. Switching to dirty air, it will be filtered into a natural air filter of dry coconut fiber mixed with 400ml NaOH and dried in the sun and then covered with gauze and polyester cloth.
Figure 4. Natural air filter.
3. Results and Discussion
The results we got in preparing the tools can be implemented by researchers in IoT andexhaust fansin accordance with the tool design chart.
After we went through 2 observation subjects, namely the IoT application and the MQ 135 gas sensor. We classified the results of the discussion as follows:
1. IoT Application Testing
The IoT application test aims to show the results of the tool in the form of screen displays, connectivity between the product and the product
IoT in smartphones, air index, synchronization between IoT and products.
a. An Initial Look at IoT Applications whether the results have been met or not. The following are the results of synchronization testing between IoT and products.
Table 2. Display Experiment Results
No Name Testing cases Results Status
1 Air percentage Can the air
percentage change?
The air percentage may change if the sensor detects air being detected Valid
2. Air indicator
Does the air
indicator match the appearance of the product?
The air indicator displays the index corresponding to
the product Valid
3. Switch button Does the button work to turn the product off or on?
The switch button can work if the ISEFAN state shows
an index <50%. This means that the button can function properly
Valid
4. ISEFAN Status
How do I know whether ISEFAN is
on or off?
With the ISEFAN status display, the indication
"ON" means ISEFAN is active,
while "OFF" means ISEFAN is inactive.
Valid
5.
Internet connection Can IoT applications
connect to
smartphones?
Applications can connect to the same internet
connection. Valid
6. Pollution Status Indicator
Can the pollution status work normally?
Pollution status can work normally with green status meaning clean air, but if
red status means dirty
status. Valid
From this table we can explain that the overall results of application testing are valid or can be said to be successful by carrying out 6x tests on the features. The results of our discussion show that ISEFAN can run normally.
5.2 MQ135 gas sensor testing
Researchers have implemented detailed testing of the MQ135 sensor in two different rooms, namely the research room and the Olympic room on November 20 2023. Researchers have taken several material samples for us to try, namely paper samples, gas matches, mosquito coils and cigarette smoke.
The following is a table of experimental results for the MQ135 air sensor.
No Sample Time Index Program Fan status
1 Cigarette smoke 22 SECONDS 53% >50 “TRUE” On
2. Paper 27 SECONDS 52% >50 “TRUE” On
3. Gas lighter 56 SECONDS 37% >50 “FALSE” Off
4. Mosquito coils 21 SECONDS 51% >50 “TRUE” On
Table 3. MQ135 sensor test results.
The experimental table displays the results of the tests that have been carried out. Based on the data above, the results of testing the tool using the MQ135 sensor with several samples, namely 1) cigarette smoke with a pollution percentage of 53% within 22 seconds. 2) butane gas with a pollution percentage of 37% within 56 seconds. 3) paper burned with a pollution percentage of 52% in 27 seconds. 4) mosquito coils with a pollution percentage of 51% within 21 seconds. So the results of testing the equipment using the MQ135 sensor with several different samples show variations in the percentage of pollution and different lengths of time in the test.
4. Conclusionn
Based on the test results of the IoT application that have been presented,
it can be concluded that the percentage of air in the application has succeeded in changing according to the sensor that detects the surrounding air. The air indicator in the application is synchronous or in accordance with the air indicator on the product. The switch button in the application works well in turning the product off or on in conditions when the air index is below 50%. The pollution status indicator and ISEFAN status in the application also function well. The pollution status indicator can describe clean air with a green status, but if the status is red it indicates the air is dirty. Meanwhile, ISEFAN status is depicted with the indicator "ON" which shows ISEFAN is active, and "OFF"
which shows ISEFAN is inactive. IoT applications can also connect to an internet connection well. With the results above, we can conclude that all aspects
of the IoT application are working normally, which shows that the IoT application has been successfully created.
From the test results of the ISEFAN air filter device which was described in the previous section, it can be concluded that the longest time required for research subjects to increase the air index to more than 50% was smoke from burning paper, namely 27 seconds with an air index of 52%. The time needed for cigarette smoke to increase the air index to more than 50%
is 22 seconds with an air index of 53%.
The time needed for mosquito coils to increase the air index beyond 50% is 21 seconds with an air index of 51%.
Meanwhile, the last one, namely the butane gas found in the gas lighter, takes the longest time but does not reach 50%, namely 56 seconds with an air index of 37%. The 20x4 LCD can display CO2, NH3, CO and C4H10 gases from the MQ- 135 sensor properly. Based on the time of the four previous research subjects, these four times were considered too long to activate ISEFAN itself. Therefore, this research has the opportunity to be developed, one of which is by reducing the standard air index by 50% to 35%
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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with the aim of making it easier to measure the index in a range of spaces containing dirty air. Apart from that, further development is needed to clearly classify the types of pollutants that have been detected.
5. Acknowledgments
We give all our thanks to ALLAH SWT, the Almighty God, for his blessings and gifts in the form of ideas and excellent health during the work on this research. Apart from that, we would also like to thank Mr. Aceng Solihin S.Pd.I, Ma as the principal of MAN 2 Jakarta and Mr.
Muhammad Harly Ishai Arjayadi, S.Pd as the supervising teacher, who during the research work facilitated us a lot and provided assistance. in the form of guidance in terms of writing, practical work, etc. We also want to thank all our parents who have given their love, prayers and support to us when we were in difficult times. I would also like to express my thanks to all our friends who have supported and made our day in making this research less boring and enjoyable.
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