The emphasis on publications as a means of disseminating knowledge was expressed by the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The family Spionidae is among the largest, in number of species, of the Polychaeta. Blake is an employee of the Pacific Marine Station, University of the Pacific, Dillon Beach, Marin County, California, 94929.
Special mention should be made of the article by Bosco (1802) in which the spedes type of the genus P is described. Due to the author's location in Maine, extensive collections were made in this area. Tucker Abbott, of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, during my visit in October 1968.
The content of this paper represents part of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine. Hooks of the same neuropodium can have the main stem either at a right angle to the axis or bent at about 70 °. The branchiae are long and thin, starting at setiger 7 and continuing to the end of the body.
The fire was so rapid that almost every living oyster in the affected area was killed by a deposit of mud several inches thick.
At the lowest tides, the dense mats of tubes give way to tube vacuums or dumps, which are attached to rocks, shells or algae (Figs. 5b; 6a,b). Occasionally the orbiniid Naineris quadricuspida (Fabricius), phyllododds, chironomid larvae and nematodes are companions in the mats of tubes. DESCRIPTION. This is a small velocity, which is about 6 mm long and has approximately SO segments.
In the spedmens examined, notosetae were not seen on setiger 1, although Hartman (1945) stated that they were present Slender, fine, winged. They have the main tooth bent at almost a right angle to the curved shaft (Figure 7a). There are usually two or three spines in each parapodium, accompanied by slender pennoned setae.
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY.—Polydora tetra-branchia bursts into shell fragments and is known only from Beaufort, North Carolina. MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Maine (Damariscotta River), Connecticut (Noank), Massachusetts (Cape Cod Bay, coll.. SEP), California (Dillon Beach, comp. DESCRIPTION.—Largest specimens are 50 mm long, 2.2 mm wide , and has over 150 segments.
FICUBE S.-Pofydora caulleryi: a, anterior end in dorsal view; b, anterior end, lateral view; c, heavily modified backbone and accompanying capillary seta of setiger 5; d, heavy back of setiger 5; e, dorsal seta of setiger 5; /, hook with hood; g, posterior notopodial spine; h, parapodium of setiger 1, front view; i, parapodium of setiger 3, front view; /, pygidium, posterior view.
IS anteriorly elevated semicircle, accompanied by a
The eyes should be almost in a straight line; the "caudal appendage" was small and consisted of four short lobes; and the anterior segments had "greenish-black" markings between the segments. Polydora quadrilobata is the only hitherto uncovered species in New England that fits this combination of characteristics. It is easily collected at low tide in Lamoine Beach and Cobscook Bay State Parks (Maine), where it occurs in sandy mud.
In Noanko, Connecticut, spedes is abundant off the University of Connecticut Marine Research Laboratory pier, where it occurs in silty mud. The tubes stand upright in the substrate, are rust colored and are formed from fine silt. It was excavated at a depth of 10-12 meters in Clark Cove on the Damariscotta River, Maine, where it occurs in a muddy substrate and is associated with Polydora socialis and the sabellid, Laonome sp.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Massachusetts (Holotype, ANSP 2S24, Woods Hole; Hadley Harbor), North Carolina (Beaufort, AHF 1546), Jamaica (para-types P. DESCRIPTION.—Polydora colonia is a small speed, up to 5 mm measuring. in length and with about 35 segments. In life it is seen to have a slight anterior bifurcation, which is turned under when preserved.
Theneurosetae of setigers 2-4 and 6 are short, winged neurosetae of setigers 2-4 and 6 are short, winged capillaries. They are bicuspid with a large tusk and small secondary terminal tooth; the shaft has a constriction (Figure lOg). The notosetae decrease in number in posterior segments and are accompanied by one or two specialized hooks in the last six or seven segments (Figure 10/).
The modified spines are bifid, with two unequal teeth and a subterminal collar extending halfway around the spine (Figure lOd-f). There is a small bundle of slender, winged, dorsal setae situated above the modified spines (Figure 106). Branchiae begin on seventy 7, continue through the middle segments; they are absent in the posterior half of the body.
17 REMARKS.—Polydora ancistrata Jones is herein
DESCRIPTION.-Polydora concharum is a long and thin shoulder that reaches a length of up to 140 mm and has over 300 segments. In adults the body is mostly colorless, although some specimens have been found with a dark pigment line on the anterior borders of some segments, which first appears on setiger 6. The palps are relatively short compared to the length of the animal. and extends posteriorly for only 15 to 20 segments.
The notosetae of setiger 2 are arranged in two consecutive rows, while those of setigers 3, 4, 6 and those immediately following have notosetae in three rows, where in each consecutive row they are longer (Figure 12m, n. Notosetae from more posterior setigers lack wings, they are represented by three sizes of straight capillary setae (Figure 12h) Bidentate hood hooks (Figure 12A, /) begin on setiger 7 and are accompanied by two or three capillary setae.
Ficuu IS. - Polydora sodalis: a, anterior end, dorsal view; b, diagram of ledgers 4-7 in side view (not to scale); c, pygidium, posterior view; d, posterior end, dorsal view. Eyes are present or absent; when present, there are four to six: a circular pair high on the prostomial margin, and more anterior second and third pairs, which may be fused laterally on the prostomial margin (Figure 13a). In far posterior setigers, only a few laterally directed capillary notosetae are present. The neuropodia of setigers 2-4 and 6 have posteriorly directed capillary setae.
In anterior setigers, the hooks have an angle of 45° between the main eye and the secondary tooth (Fig. 14c). In posterior setigers, the main tooth is longer and narrower, while the upper tooth is smaller and adheres closely to the stem, reducing the angle (Fig. 14e).
The former are thin, slender capillaries, while the latter are thin, slender capillaries, and the latter have narrow wings. The thin capillary neurosetae of setigers 2-4 and 6 are almost completely replaced by hooded hooks on setigers 7.
DESCRIPTION. Polydora anoculata is a thin, slender species that can grow up to 20 mm long and has about 100 segments. Twelve species of Polydora have been identified from collections obtained at various sites along the east coast of North America. Polychaeta of the North Sea of Japan and their horizontal and vertical distribution.] Dal'nevost filial AN SSSR, Trudy Gidrobiologicheskoi ekspeditsii Zoologicheskogo instituta AN SSSR 1934 goda na Yaponskom more figures.
A Survey of the Types of Polychaetous Annelids at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. Deep-water Benthic Polychaetous Annelids from New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. The planktonic larvae of Polydora websteri Hartman (Annelida, Polychaeta) and their settlement on oysters.
Infestation of the hard mussel Mercenaria mercenaria by the dull polychaete worm Polydora ciliata.
SI Oysters. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board
Remarques compementaires sur les spionidiens, la famille nouvelle des disomidiens. La place des
Translated by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, United States Department of Commerce, Washington, D. Report on the invertebrates of vineyard sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrates, of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others.
Results of researches made by the steamer Albatross off the north coast of the United States in 188S. Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Invertebrates of the Northeast Coast of America, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species, and Critical Remarks on Others.
Publication in Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
