This thesis is dedicated to:. my beloved parents, Yudo Teguh Imanto and Suseni Aruminingsih, as well as my beloved grandparents, Misiyem and Panut, for their supports, never-ending prayers and everlasting love; thank you for your great support and always reminding me to never give up in finishing this thesis, for always being there for me in achieving all of my goals;. my lovely sisters and brothers, Jeanita Amelia Imar, Yulia Kevin, Farel Farensyah, and Trian Febriansyah; thank you for your supports and encouragements. my support system, Ivo Novitasari a.k.a. Groot; thank you for your love, patience, support, and never-ending prayers to never give up on me in finishing this thesis;. my best friends, Dio Prasetyohadi, Fawzi Aulia, Dito Bambang, Kevin Ajie, Erwin Candra, and Diyar Ilman; thank you for always being there, giving me supports, cheering me up to finish this thesis and unforgettable moments we had spent together. my best friends from KKN BUKOR 48, Kusuma Astuti, Aqidatul Izza, Rizky Permata Dewi, and Ali Imron;. all my friends from English Department academic year of 2014; thank you for being my great friends and spending the best moments together;. I hereby stated that this thesis entitled “The Proposal Movie Script: An Analysis of Flouted Maxims Using Grice’s Cooperative Principle” is an original writing. I declare all of the analysis and the result which are described in this thesis have never been submitted for the other publications.
I certify to the best of me and my knowledge that all sources used in the preparation of this thesis have been acknowledged. Syamsul Anam, M.A., and Indah Wahyuningsih, S.S., M.A., as my supervisors; thank you for your valuable time, patience, supports, guidance, and advices given to me during writing this thesis;. Sabta Diana, S.S., M.A., as my examiner; thank you for your suggestions, advices, and critical thinking to this thesis.
THE PROPOSAL MOVIE SCRIPT: AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTED MAXIMS USING GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE; Jean Ardo Putra Pratama pages; Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Jember.
INTRODUCTION
- The Background of Study
- Research Topic
- Research Problems
- Research Questions
- Purposes of Study
One of the examples of conversational implicatures in a movie is coming from The Proposal Movie. This research aims to identify the flouted maxim made by the characters in The Proposal movie through conversational implicatures. The Proposal movie tells about a pushy boss, Margaret Tate, who wants to keep her visa status in the U.S.
Gilbertson appears out of the blue in Sitka to help Andrew admitting his fraud of fake marriage. The movie is basically like other romantic movies, a man meets a girl and falling in love to each other gradually. Sorted into comedy-romantic genres and rated 5.33/10 in Rotten Tomatoes, the movie is regarded as an average comedy-romantic movie (www.rottentomatoes.com).
Since The Proposal movie is a comedy-romantic genre, it is a commonplace that the male and female characters will be dominant in the movie to emphasize the romantic genre. Therefore, this research will be around identifying the flouted maxims done by two main characters. Likewise, the ethnography of speaking postulated by Hymes (1974) is used to indicate the characters’ intention in communicating with his or her participant.
The topic of this research is the Pragmatics subject concerning with the cooperative principles and the flouted maxims conducted by two main characters in The Proposal movie. In The Proposal movie, there are many maxims flouted by the two main characters, Margaret and Andrew. To identify the possible reasons of the characters in flouting the maxims in the movie.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Previous Studies
Likewise, in Zandvakili, Kashani and Tabandeh’s research stated that only focused on the occurrence of speech events in sitcom “Friends” and to find out in case some speaking factors can affect each speech event. The writer also tried to scrutinize the flouted maxims using Cooperative Principle theory postulated by Grice (1975). The use of Cooperative Principle in Fatmawati’s research had given insightful understanding to help the writer applying the theory in this research.
Furthermore, Hymes’ Speaking concept used by Zandvakili, Kashani and Tabandeh in their research also contributed a lot to identify the possible reason behind the flouted maxims in this research.
Theoretical Review
- Cooperative Principle
- Conversational Implicature
- Flouting a Maxim
- Hymes’ SPEAKING Concept
Conversational implicature is one of pragmatic inferences which is not tied in particular words or phrases in an utterance yet arise instead from contextual factors and the understanding that conventions are obeyed in conversation. According to Levinson it is “the gap between what is literally said and what is conveyed” which is a speaker want to say is characteristically more extensive than what he directly expresses and the hidden meaning will arise when it is applied to a particular conversational circumstances. On the other hand, Levinson postulated that conversational implicature is divided into two category; the generalized conversational implicatures are abbreviated as GCIs and the particularized conversational implicatures will be dubbed as PCIs.
He also used the symbol +> to imply conversationally implicates by which the convention: “S” +> ‘p’ to imply ‘the utterance of the sentence S would conversationally implicate that the speaker knows (or believes or at least thinks possibly) the matter p.’ (ibid). Grundy (2000:72) stated that in the case of implicature, context helps us to determine what is conveyed implicitly but not explicitly stated by the speaker. Setting refers to the time and place, namely the concrete physical circumstances in which speech takes place.
Scene itself refers to the abstract psychological setting, or the cultural definition of the occasion. Ends refer to the conventionally recognized and expected outcomes of an exchange as well as to the personal goals that participants seek to accomplish on particular occasion. Act sequence relates to the actual form and content of what is said: the appropriate words used, how they are used, and the relationship of what is said to the actual topic at hand.
It can refer to the tone, manner, and spirit in which a particular message is conveyed: light-hearted, sarcastic, mocking, and so on. The Instrumentalities refer to the choice of channel, e.g., oral or written, and to the actual forms of speech employed; the language, dialect, or code that is chose. Moreover, it is kind of any socially accepted conventions regarding when people can speak, what kind of things they can say, and who they can say it to.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
- Type of Research
- Data Collection
- Data Processing
- Data Analysis
Downloading the movie script from https://script-o-rama.com/ to aid the writer having insightful understanding toward the movie and easier to analyze the movie as the data form in this research is the utterances of the characters. By watching the movie first, the writer can find out the context behind every utterance. According to Blaxter (1996), purposive sampling is handpicking supposedly typical or interesting cases, which means to aid the writer sorting out the data which were only relevant to the topic being discussed.
Identifying the utterances in the movie script that flouts the maxims of Grice’s Cooperative Principle. Categorizing the selected utterances based on the flouted maxim into a table using Cooperative Principle theory. First, the data would be presented along with the context to explain the speech event happen in the utterance.
Next, the utterance were interpreted using Grice’s cooperative principle in order to reveal the maxim(s) they flout. In this part, the data could be classified into Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI) or Particularized Conversational Implicature (PCI). Lastly, the data analysis was concluded according to the findings to find the possible reason why they flout the maxim and to meet the final analysis.
Flouting conversational maxim of cooperative principle occasionally occurred when the speaker and the listener have similar social background or knowledge background. Therefore, flouting a maxim of cooperative principle can aid the speaker to make his conversation with the addressee more variety and efficient. It is expected this research can enrich and enlarge the reader’s knowledge about the concept of cooperative principle.
There are several studies dealing with cooperative principle in Pragmatics analysis with different object as well. Further, this study is expected to be useful for the next Pragmatics analysis, especially the study of cooperative principle in the movie script.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Findings
Data Analysis
Discussion
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
It can give rise into conversational implicature which means the speaker does not need to give long statement to convey his thought. The highest purpose of using implicature in The Proposal movie is mocking or being sarcastic to the addressee or the listener, especially the doer of being sarcastic is mostly done by Andrew. It indicates that he wants to show his latent anger to his boos, Margaret by avoiding confrontation and preferring to use implicature in order to ask for what he wants.
In addition, the speaker employ implicature to show his feeling, or wants to avoid a further discussion about a topic he does not like. Nevertheless, it is also expected that the reader who will be the next researcher is able to apply the theory of cooperative principle from Grice (1975) in different object like TV show, advertisement, or debate. Are you both committing fraud to avoid her deportation so she can keep her position as editor in chief at Colden Books.
But we know you’re incredibly busy with a room full of gardeners and delivery boys to tend to. We couldn’t tell anyone we work with because of my big promotion that I had coming up. But for you, it’s gonna require that you to stop snacking on children while they dream.
