Crop performance parameters observed in both ponds included harvest tonnage (yield/pond area), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily growth (DGR). Based on the results, 27 genera were obtained from five classes of phytoplankton in both ponds. The genera of phytoplankton found in both ponds are the common phytoplankton found in shrimp ponds.
The percentage of each phytoplankton class found in both ponds can be seen in Figure 1. The pH values in both ponds were in the optimal range for the growth of vannamei shrimp. The physical and chemical parameters of the water quality in both ponds are in the optimal range for vannamei shrimp culture.
Preventive Effects of Yogurt Fortified With Purple Roselle Extract Against Cardiotoxicity in Rats Exposed With 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Preventive effects of yogurt enriched with rosella extract against cardiotoxicity in rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of yogurt enriched with rosella extract on cardiotoxicity induced by exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The protective effect of yogurt enriched with rosella extract was observed on the basis of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological changes of heart tissue.
Treatment groups given yogurt fortified purple roselle extract (T2 and T3) show a significant decrease in MDA level compared to the positive control (PC) group.
Dynamical Analysis and Parameter Estimation of a Model of Hepatitis B Disease Spread in Malang
The equilibrium point of the model is obtained when the size of all population classes in the model is constant. The linearization process around the equilibrium point is performed to analyze the local stability of the equilibrium point. The eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix resulting from the linearization process provide the information about the stability of the equilibrium point.
If all eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix have a negative real part, the equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable. Choose the initial value of the parameter 𝜃 and the initial value of the population as the variable in the model. Since the equilibrium point of the model (2) is obtained when the size of all population classes in the model is constant, it is reached when.
The local stability of the equilibrium point can be determined through the linearization process, which yields the Jacobian matrix. The idea of the parameter estimation is to minimize the objective function (1) so that the parameter values correspond to the real data. The existence and stability of the equilibrium points depend on the basic reproduction number ℛ0.
Using a linearization around each equilibrium point, the local stability of the equilibrium points is investigated. Numerical simulation of the SIRS model using the estimated parameters achieves the minimum error compared to the infected data.
In Silico Study to Predict the Potential of Beta Asarone, Methyl Piperonylketone, Coumaric Acid in Piper Crocatum as Anticancer Agents
The canonical SMI of the compounds used in the analysis of biological activity, cell line cytotoxicity activity and SwissADME, and the 3D structure of the investigated compounds were obtained from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The biological activity analysis of the investigated bioactive compounds was performed by the PASS web server (http://way2drug.com/ . PassOnline/index.php), and the canonical smile of each bioactive compound was entered. The higher the value of Pa, the greater the potential of biological activity of the compound [1].
The prediction of the biological activity of the bioactive compound via PASS analysis is shown in Table 1. Based on the data, several proteins were involved in the interaction against p-coumaric acid (Figure 1). One of the pathways associated with cancer was histidine phosphorylation, which was reported to be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma [11].
The results of the molecular docking showed that this compound was unable to interact with the TNF-α receptor. The interaction between TNF-α and coumaric acid was formed by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces with a binding energy of -175.7 cal.mol-1. Based on the molecular docking analysis and supporting data from the previous studies, the possible mechanisms of action from the bioactive compound that may occur were presented in Figure 7.
Active NFkB will stimulate the expression of the NTN1 gene, which encodes the NETRIN1 protein. Mechanism of bioactive compounds of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav as anticancer drugs by inhibiting TNFα/TNFR2, HER2 and MMP9 pathways.
RMSD Complex protein-ligand
In the TNFα/TNFR2 pathway, proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα bind to TNFR2 and indirectly activate NFκB. On the other hand, the HER2 protein also activates FAK and Src, both of which activate the JNK protein for phosphorylation and induce MMP9 activity for cell motility and development. The presence of Piper Crocatum bioactive compounds inhibits TNFα, HER2 and MMP9, which causes motility and invasiveness, preventing cell development from occurring.
The molecular dynamic study was done to analyze the complex of β-asarone, as the greatest potential of bioactive compounds in inhibiting any target protein that showed the lowest binding affinity in the results of molecular binding. The RMSD value was used to determine whether the structure was stable over a period of time by simulating changes [17]. However, when the RMSD value reaches 3 Å or exceeds 3 Å, it indicates that the protein structure has changed [17].
However, the ligand conformation of β-asarone appeared stable when interacting with MMP9, HER2, and TNFα/r, with the RMSD ligand conformation value found to be 1–2 Å.
RMSD Ligand Movement
Daya antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle) dan daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro sebagai bahan praktikum mikrobiologi. Khasiat fraksi aktif metanol daun unggul merah [Piper crocatum] berpotensi sebagai antibakteri Salmonella typhi. Peningkatan regulasi gen kelangsungan hidup jalur faktor nekrosis tumor-α dan reseptor TNFR2 pada kanker lambung.
The role of astaxanthin compared with metformin in preventing glycated human serum albumin from unfolding: a molecular dynamics study.
Screening of Potential Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya
The physico-chemical properties of the water analyzed from the sample will affect the results of the isolated microorganisms. Salinity measurement results of 26.2 ppt indicate that the location is brackish water. Meanwhile, the Gram staining results showed that 66.7% of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria and 83.3% were rods.
The biosurfactant test using the drop collapse method is based on the destabilization of bacterial supernatant droplets containing the biosurfactant [16]. The results of the drop collapse test in this study showed that none of the isolates produced round and stable droplets as in the control. The diameter of the diameter of the clear zone formed in the LU-2, LU-7 and LU-11 isolates was greater than 50 mm.
The clear zone diameter of the three isolates was more significant than that of the other isolates. The emulsification analysis technique as a quantitative method can be used for the screening of biosurfactant producers. The emulsification ability of the biosurfactants produced by the 12 bacterial isolates was determined based on the measurement of the emulsification index (E24).
Gram-negative bacterium O15 isolated from seawater produced 65% of the highest emulsification and demonstrated production of biosurfactant in the second biosurfactant screening method [22]. Indigenous bacteria that produce biosurfactants are quite abundant in the waters of Tanjung Perak Harbour.
Expression Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) at Geomembrane and Concrete in Asian Pacific Shrimp Culture (Litopenaeus vannamei)
If the correlation value is marked with plus, the relationship between the two tables is in the opposite direction [21]. The result from PCR was positive (Fig. 1) because virus infection is a vector in the spread of shrimp disease presence of VLPs [25] and the abundance of bacteria with correlation with viruses [26]. According to the new experiment on VLPs, the relationship between abundance of VLPs and hydrographic factors, nutrient availability as well as primary productivity in the coral ecosystem was clarified [9].
The stability of the structure of VLPs under different pH values and ions does not play a major role in the abundance of VLPs [32]. In the previous study, nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the treatment ponds were lower for most of the experimental period [35]. Factors that cause the abundance of VLPs are due to the organic matter in the water entering the host, including algae, and in the water effluent [40].
Conversely, the lowest ammonium in the 1st sampling was measured in concrete 2 for 0.04 ppm, 2nd sampling in concrete. If the pH value of an extension is lower, then the level of ammonium in the water becomes higher [43]. Compared to the abundance of VLPs in aquaculture waters, VLPs are often found in the sea [50].
The range of VLPs abundance in the sample of pelagic organisms attached to the sediment is smaller than the VLPs abundance range in benthic samples [6]. Seasonal variations in the abundance of virus-like particles and bacteria in the flood water of a Japanese rice field.
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Importance of CD80/CD86-CD28 interaction in target cell recognition by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells.
