One of the symptoms of Myxobolus koi infections in Koi carp is the appearance of parasite cysts in the gills [32]. Koi gills infected by the Myxobolus koi parasite; (a) operculum not fully closed, (b) buds in the gills.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Kratom Leaf (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Against Aeromonas hydrophilla
The results of the identification of secondary metabolites of kratom leaf methanol extract obtained positive results of alkaloid compounds, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids and triterpenoids. The data from the dead zone of the extract of kratom leaves compared to the negative control.
The Response of Botanical Seeds of Trisula and Biru Lancor Shallot Varieties to Coconut Water Treatment
The results of a statistical analysis showed that coconut water treatment affected the vegetative growth of Trisula and Biru Lancor varieties. Botanical seeds of shallot species Trisula and Biru Lancor showed different responses to treatment with young coconut water.
Effect of Five Types Inert Dust to Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Stored Rice Seeds
Effect of five types of inert dust on Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored rice seeds. A glass tube (Ø = 6 cm; h = 12 cm) containing 100 g of rice seeds was mixed with each dose of five types of inert powder according to the treatment. The application of five types of inert dust on rice seeds had a significant effect on the mortality of adults of R.
Application of five types of inert dust to rice seeds significantly reduced population growth of the insect R. The rate of inert dust causing adult mortality affected the number of eggs laid. Number of eggs, larvae, pupae and new adults on rice seeds treated with five types of inert dust.
Application of five types of inert dust to rice seeds significantly reduced the percentage of seed damage with R. Percentage of seed damage in rice seeds treated by five types of inert dust.
The Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves and VipAlbumin® on The Immune System of Diabetes Mellitus Balb/C Mice Model
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves and VipAlbumin® on the immune system of the Balb/C diabetes mellitus rat model. Administration of Moringa oleifera and Albumi increased a relatively but not significant number of T cells. Administration of Moringa oleifera and VipAlbumin® in groups D1, D2 and D3 significantly decreased the number of inflammation (p < 0.05).
Moringa oleifera contains many important biological substances such as flavonoid pigments such as kaempferol, rhamnetin, isoquercitrin and kaempferitrin. Moringa oleifera and VipAlbumin® can be used to cure the inflammation in DM, but at a different dose, which is not part of this study. Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract regulates nuclear factor-kappaB and increases the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells.
Phytochemical Screening by FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Sesbania grandiflora Fraction Against Edwardsiella tarda
Phytochemical screening by FTIR spectroscopic analysis and antibacterial activity of Sesbania grandiflora fraction against Edwardsiella tarda. The determination of the MIC value is done through Ln Mo (Ln concentration of S. grandiflora leaves) on the X-axis against the square of the Inhibitory Zone (Z2). on the Y axis. Testing the antibacterial activity of the extracts, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate and water at several concentrations aims to know the inhibitory concentration of the inhibitory power and the potential of S .
The results of testing the antibacterial activity showed that the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate and water had antibacterial activity against E. The results of the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of Turi leaves (S. . grandiflora) against E. The results of the concentration of the minimum inhibitor extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction against the growth of E.
Based on the well dilution test results, the MIC value of the n-hexane fraction is 1.11%. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed the n-hexane fraction as the most active fraction, which had the largest zone of inhibition, compared to the extract, ethyl acetate and water fraction.
The Potential Use of Microorganisms as Degradation Agent on Naphthalene and Phenanthrene
In the 24 hour incubation of bacterial isolates there was an increase in growth, both in the control and treatment concentration. This increase in growth occurred up to 48 hours of incubation for treatment concentrations from 200 ppm to 1,000 ppm, while in the control bacterial growth began to decrease. In the control, the OD value dropped because there was no carbon source for bacterial growth.
The same occurred at 72 h incubation, where growth continued to increase in the concentration treatment, while it continued to decline in the control. During the 48-hour incubation period, growth varied: the treated concentration of 200 ppm and the control showed an increase in growth, while the 500 ppm, 800 ppm and 1000 ppm of naphthalene showed an upward decrease in OD values. up to 72 hours of incubation. In the treatment with 200 ppm at an incubation time of 72 hours, bacterial growth continued to increase, while in the control, the growth entered the stationary phase.
It occurred up to the 48 h incubation time, both in the control substrate and in phenanthrene. In the naphthalene substrate with 24-hour incubation, the best treatment was in A isolates with 200 ppm concentration (there were significant differences).
Analysis Activity of Elephantopus scaber Leaves Extract Against Quantitative Changes of Lymphocytes Cells in BALB/c Mice After Induction
In addition, the number of CD4+ T cells in the final stage decreased like the previous stage. The relative number of CD4+ in the DMBA-Estradiol-induced cancer group had a lower number compared to the normal group. The herbal treatment for the cancer mouse model can reduce the number of CD4+ T cells.
The relative number of CD8+ T cells increased in the first week compared to healthy mice (negative controls). In addition, the number of CD8 T cells decreased in the end phase compared with the previous phase. The total number of CD4 T cells in the first week was about 17.34%, while there were CD8 T cells.
Analysis of CD4+TNF-α+ T cell counts TNF-α is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by various nucleated cells in the body. Briefly, treatment with E. scaber extract can restore homeostasis of the immune system via the number of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the first and second weeks.
Effect of Pb and Cd Elicitors on Growth and Content of Vetiver Oil Adventitious Root In Vitro of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash)
Effect of Pb and Cd elicitors on the growth and content of vetiver oil. Adventitious root in vitro of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash). Analysis of the content of vetiver oil compounds in the root using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Effect of Pb and Cd elicitors on the number and length of vetiver roots in vitro.
Effect of Pb and Cd metal elicitors on constituents of vetiver root oil compound. The Pb and Cd elicitation treatments resulted in an increase in the composition of the main vetiver oil compounds in the root culture. GC-MS chromatogram of vetiver root oil in vitro vetiver with elicitation treatment (A) Control, (B) Pb, (C) Cd.
Effect of Pb and Cd elicitors on vetiver oil Main compound of adventitious root of Vetiver 0. The addition of Pb and Cd heavy metal elicitor affected the formation and content of vetiver oil compounds in root culture.
CFGWC-PSO in Analyzing Factors Affecting the Spread of Dengue Fever in East Java Province
CFGWC-PSO in analyzing the factors affecting the spread of dengue fever in East Java province. The CFGWC-PSO method is a hybrid of the FGWC-PSO algorithm and context-based clustering, which stands for CFGWC-PSO. Where 𝑚 is the weight exponent defining softness clusters, 𝑢𝑖𝑘 is the partition matrix element, 𝑣𝑖 the cluster center and 𝑥𝑘 the data point.
Therefore, we found that only a portion of the original data set has a relationship that matches the conditions specified. Implementation of the FGWC-PSO algorithm using context-based clustering in many data packet analyzes requires a number of clusterings that can be determined by the researcher. The calculation of the CFGWC-PSO algorithm was evaluated using three validity indices, such as PC index, CE index and S index, to find out the right number of clustering.
So from Table 1, we can see that for the three validity index, the one that showed the best clustering is using the number of clusters. While group 2 has seven variables with a high value that affect the causes of the spread of DHF.
The Antigenotoxic Activity of Brown Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Extract Against Total Erythrocyte and Micronuclei of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Exposed by Methomyl-Base Pesticide
The appearance of a brownish-red ring in the contact area of the two liquids and a green color inside. The phytochemical results of the present work revealed that these edible seaweeds may be potential candidates in the field of drug development. Peripheral blood erythrocytes (Fig. 2) of fish were for the majority of micronucleus surveys, which were performed on peripheral blood erythrocytes of fish [33,34].
Acute toxicity of the pesticide methomyl to Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva): mortality and effects on four biomarkers. Antigenotoxic effect of Sargassum dentifolium extracts: prevention of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and DNA fragmentation. Use of hematological parameters to assess the efficacy of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf extract in mitigating the effect of ultraviolet -A radiation on Africa.
Effects of the hot water extract of the macroalga Sargassum angustifolium on hematological parameters and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncohrynchus mykiss) infected with Yersinia rukeri. All forms of published correction are also subject to peer review at the editor's discretion.
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This section describes gratitude to those who helped both substantively and financially. Importance of CD80/CD86-CD28 interaction in target cell recognition by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells.
