Effects of low temperatures on the growth, maturation and regeneration of plantlets from somatic embryos of Citrus Mandarin var Batu 55 (Citrus reticulata Blanco.). Effects of low temperatures on the growth, maturation and regeneration of plantlets of Citrus Mandarin var Batu 55. This study aimed to investigate the effect of incubation at a temperature of 4 ° C during the multiplication phase of somatic embryos on the growth, maturation and regeneration of citrus fruit plants. Mandarin var Batu 55.
Somatic embryos incubated at room temperature and embryos incubated at 4 °C were able to regenerate into plantlets (Figure 3A-B). Somatic embryos incubated at 4°C show a higher percentage of maturation and number of cotyledon embryos. Hyperglycemia condition and free radical activity is a major cause of the dysfunction of these endothelial progenitor cells. The aim of this study was to determine the role of VipAlbumin®, a supplement derived from Channa striatus albumin extracts, in inhibiting the action of free radicals generated due to hyperglycemic conditions, which may influence the increase in the relative abundance of endothelial stem cells.
The Effect of Gibberellin on Somatic Embryo Growth and Maturation and Plantlet Regeneration of Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) var. Batu 55
The effect of Gibberellin on somatic embryo growth and maturation and regeneration of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) var. Somatic embryo maturation was performed on MT media + 500 ppm malt extracts + 73 mM sorbitol + 73 mM galactose. The clumps of somatic embryos cultured in gibberellin media were apparently larger compared to the control (Fig. 1B-E).
The fresh weight of somatic embryo cultured in gibberellin media was significantly higher compared to control (Fig. 2). The proliferation of the somatic embryo is related to the maintenance of embryogenic competence, in this term assumed as the growth of the somatic embryo. In Medicago sativa, gibberellin increased somatic embryo growth [6], while in Centaurium erythraea it caused the opposite effect [10].
The maturation of the somatic embryo indicated the cessation of somatic division and the occurrence of differentiation. Somatic embryo maturation in mandarin was observed one month after the spherical somatic embryo was transferred into maturation media. Somatic embryos cultured on media containing gibberellin up to 4 ppm could yield a higher maturation rate.
The effect of gibberellin increasing the growth and maturation of somatic embryo was also observed in Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill somatic embryo [12]. Different results were obtained in Arabidopsis somatic embryo, where gibberellin inhibited somatic embryo maturation [13].
EMSA Eritin Blocks Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Diabetes Mellitus Mice Model
EMSA Erytin administered in diabetic mice showed immunomodulatory activity as immunosuppressor of NF-κB produced by CD4 lymphocyte T cells. The relative number of CD4+NF-KB+ T cells in EMSA Eritin treatment group (D1-DM, D2-DM and D3-DM) was significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to control group (N). -KB produced by CD4 and CD8 T cells was reduced in all doses of EMSA Eritin treatments.
DM: diabetic mouse group was treated with EMSA Eritin 0 mg.g-1 BW;. a) The percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing positive NF-κB using flow cytometry. The bars are the number of CD4 T cells expressing positive NF-κB on the spleen cells of mice after EMSA Eritin treatment. D2-DM = diabetic mouse group was treated with Emsa Eritin normal dose 3.125 mg/gr BW;. a) The percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing positive NF-κB using flow cytometry.
Bars are the number of NF-κB-positive CD8+ T cells in spleen cells of mice after treatment with EMSA Erytin. We also found that Erytin administered EMSA decreased the level of NF-κB produced by CD68 macrophage cells (Fig. 3). She showed that treatment with EMSA Eritin improves the diabetic condition to be better.
EMSA Eritin showed anti-inflammatory activity when administered to the lymphocytes in mouse model of diabetes mellitus. EMSA Eritin reduced the level of NF-κB produced by CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and CD68 macrophage cells.
The sample extract of purple sweet potato chips to be tested is 1 ml volume. Average antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato was Antin 3 chips after one month of storage. Reduction of total phenolic content of purple sweet potato was Antin 3 chip after 1 month of storage.
The highest reduction in total phenol content was 53.18%, which was found at 0.00 second of immersion time and 0.07 mm of plastic wrap thickness. Whereas, the lowest reduction of total phenol content was 4.54% which was found at 70 seconds of immersion time and 0.1 mm thickness of plastic wrap. The highest level of total dissolved solids reduction of 56.41% was found at 0.00 second of immersion time and 0.07 mm of plastic wrap thickness.
Otherwise, the lowest reduction level of total dissolved solids at 23.81% was found in immersion time of 70 seconds and thickness of 0.1 mm plastic film. Next, the highest total phenolic content was 4646.60 ppm GAE, which was found at an immersion time of 70 seconds and a thickness of 0.1 mm plastic film. The highest antioxidant activity was 45.33%, which was found at an immersion time of 70 seconds and a thickness of 0.1 mm plastic film.
The highest level of total dissolved solids is 5.00% brix, found in 70 seconds of immersion time and 0.1 mm thickness of plastic wrap. The highest hue saturation value is 24.45° hue, found in 70 seconds of immersion time and a thickness of 0.1 mm plastic wrap.
Technique of Overlap Extension by Polymerase Chain Reaction for Splicing Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S Promoter and DhPEX11-Like
A polymerase chain reaction overlap extension technique for splicing the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and DhPEX11-like. The lysate is centrifuged at 14,000 revolutions per minute for 5 minutes and the supernatant is transferred to a spin column in combination with a collection tube. In the first stage, the reactions produced two DNA fragments and the first products, which were used as templates in the second stage [4,8,9,15].
SOE by PCR (Fig. 1) was used to combine 35S Promoter and DhPEX11-like to expression cassette. In the first step, PCRs produce two DNA fragments with the sequence 5' and 3' to the splice site (1)-(2) in fig. The oligonucleotide design (Table 1) was based on the full-length nucleotide sequence of the 35S promoter in NCBI (http://www.ncbi.- nlm.nih.gov) and DhPEX11-like [17].
Oligonucleotides for cloning the CaMV 35S and DhPEX11-like Promoter and fusing the CaMV35S and DhPEX11-like Promoter to generate 35S/DhPEX11. Secondary PCR cleaved the two fragmented CAMV 35S and DHPEX11-like promoter DNA to make the 35S/DHPEX11 gene recombinant, using Outprimer pairs of 35S-F and PEX11-R. The first PCR cloned the 35S promoter and the second PCR cloned the DHPEX11-like gene, their sizes were confirmed by 1% gel electrophoresis analysis with expected DNA fragments of 573 bp (Fig. 2A) and 579 bp (Fig. 2B ), respectively.
In the experiment, recombinant PCR successfully knocked out the 35S-DHPEX11 gene which appeared to be strongly expressed by the transformant. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CAMV) 35S promoter able to confer high-level gene expression in most organs of transgenic plants [19].
![Figure 1. Gene splicing by overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction [9]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok/11484485.0/44.893.138.781.769.1054/figure-gene-splicing-overlap-extension-polymerase-chain-reaction.webp)
The Potential of EMSA Eritin to Modulate T Cells (CD4+ and CD8+) in Balb/C Mice Model of Diabetes Mellitus
Several studies on the individual components of EMSA Eritin have proven that they can lower blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus [13-16]. Based on the relative number of T lymphocytes from flow cytometry analysis (Fig. 2), the entire experimental group is in a healthy state because the CD4+ T cell population is higher than the CD8+ T cell population [20]. The increase in T-cell CD4+ and CD8+ population in the thymus after administration of EMSA Eritin was hypothesized due to the antioxidants such as flavonoids and anthocyanin present in soybean and red rice extract.
Mechanism of CD4+ as a modulator of the immune system derived from the activity of some cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2 and IFN-γ, also to induce CD8+ T cell maturation [23,24]. Some chemokines control immune mobilizing cells during processes of immune surveillance, such as leukocyte subsets to sites of inflammation [25,26]. Restoration of immune functions in old mice by supplementation with a new herbal compound, HemoHIM.
In this state, pregnant women will experience changes in their immune system, which aims to facilitate the implantation of the embryo, the development of the placenta, the onset of fetal tolerance, as well as the protection of the mother's immune system [1]. We used 444-D strains from the collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya. Later on the 5th day after administration of the extract, mice were infected with S.
A path diagram was created based on the results of the statistical correlation analysis (Figure 4). The presence of the extract will maintain the number of B lymphocyte cells in proliferation and differentiation [19]. Wound healing activity of leaf extracts and Deoxyelephantopi isolate from Elephantopus scaber Lin Phytochemistry.
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Importance of CD80/CD86-CD28 interaction in the recognition of target cells by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells.
