Abnormality of goat spermatozoa after freezing at -80°C using the combination of diluted tris added egg yolk and amniotic fluid. Types of sperm abnormalities in fresh and thawed sperm can be seen in Table 2.
Expression of Hsp70 and β-actin Genes as The Immune Response against Viral Nervous Necrosis that Infected Asian Seabass (Lates calcalifer)
Effect of VNN invasion on Asian bass Hsp70 and β-actin gene expressions (Fig.4). Susilawati has mentioned that the percentage of normal morphology in the sperm sample is consistent with the percentage of motility [32].
Screening of Rhizosphere Bacteria from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) in Tidore Island as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Screening of rhizosphere bacteria from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) in Tidore Island as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Several studies have reported the positive effect of PGPR on plant growth, such as PGPR has a positive effect on wheat crops [9], fruit [10] and vegetables [11]. Bacteria associated with clove plants in the rhizosphere are able to enhance nitrogen fixation that has been widely reported as a plant growth promoter [ 35 ].
Induction of systemic resistance of cucumber to Colletotrichum orbiculare by a selected strain of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria. Characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their potential as bioprotectors against tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Stimulatory effects of L-tryptophan and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on soil health and physiology of wheat.
Microbial solubility of rock phosphate on media containing agro-industrial wastes and effect of the resulting products on plant growth and P uptake Plant soil. Inoculation of plant growth promoting bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain Ax10 for enhancing copper phytoextraction by Brassica juncea.
Comparing Vector-host and SEIR models for Zika Virus Transmission
Then indicate the rate of direct transmission of the virus, indicate the rate of transmission from exposed to a suspected human, and indicate the rate of transmission from infected person to suspected vector. The parameter is per capita infection rate of the exposed human, and is per capita recovery rate of the infected human. The parameter means the death rate of the human, and means the death rate of the vector (mosquito).
The rate of direct virus transmission, the rate of transmission from an exposed to a suspect human, and the rate of transmission from an infected human to a suspect vector that infects mosquitoes with the virus increase the value of the reproductive number. In addition, when the human growth rate ( ) and the mosquito growth rate ( ) increase, the reproductive number also increases. The parameter means the rate of direct transmission of the virus from an infected person and indicates the rate of transmission from an exposed person to a suspect person.
The parameter indicates the level of infection of the exposed person, indicates the rate of recovery of the infected person and means the mortality rate of the person. As a person's growth rate increases, so does the likelihood of an interaction resulting in infection.
Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Bacterium against Pathogens of Bacterial Tuber Rot of Amorphophallus muelleri
Isolation and identification of antagonistic bacteria against bacterial tuber rot pathogens of Amorphophallus muelleri. Inhibition of the growth of tuber rot bacteria was indicated by the clean area around the well. Identification of potential rhizosphere bacteria Rhizosphere bacteria with the highest potency to inhibit tuber rot bacteria were identified based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characters.
Antagonistic Potency of Rhizosphere Bacteria Rhizosphere bacteria consisting of nine isolates with a density of 107 CFU.mL-1 were tested for their inhibition against three tuber rot bacteria A. Rhizosphere bacterial isolates had different inhibitory potency and only four isolates could inhibit tuber rot bacteria (Figure 3). The isolate was able to inhibit three isolates of tuber rot bacteria and was categorized as high potential with an inhibition zone of more than.
Antibiosis activity was determined by clear zones; proved that rhizosphere bacteria could produce antibiotics that inhibited the growth of tuber rot bacteria [47,48]. This isolate can be developed as biological control agent/biopesticide against tuber rot bacteria of A.
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Detection at Traditional Ponds of Lithopenaeus vannamei in Pasuruan District
The chromatography column of the ethanol extract of neem leaf (A. indica A. Juss) showed that separation of the fraction was done based on the formation of color, which obtained 5 (five) types of fractions. The results of the phytochemical test for the fraction 4 of neem leaf contain two compounds, that is, GCMS test results on fraction 4 of the neem leaves (A. indica A. Juss) obtained the high peak, which has 4 terpenoid compounds, 1 compound of flavonoid, and 1 type of lauric acid.
Total fish test leukocytes increased after treatment with fraction 4 leaves of neem (A. indica A. Juss) compared to control on day 7 after injection, i.e. Based on these facts, it is necessary to evaluate the ethanolic fraction of neem leaf (A. . indica A. Juss) for the immunostimulatory activity of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in the context of cultivation development activities, especially for tilapia. Neem (A. indica A. Juss) leaf fraction test was conducted to extract one of the best fractions from 5 types of fractions derived from column chromatography (CC).
The result of the determination of the fraction from neem leaf (A. indica A. Juss) is shown in Table 1. It is suspected that the number of leukocytes increases with the neem leaf of fraction 4 due to the terpenoid compounds.
Anti-hyperglycemic and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Polyherbal Composed of Sesbania grandiflora, Salacca zalacca and Acalypha indica
The study aimed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic effects of polyherbal treatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats and to analyze the immune system modulation involved in the hyperglycemia control process. In the diabetic rats that received polyherbal treatment, the blood glucose level was 313 + 19 mg.dL-1, which was much lower than that in the diabetic control. The immunomodulatory activity of polybar extract in this experiment is discussed in more detail in the subsections below.
This result is similar to that found by Rifa'i and Widodo [16] and shows an increase in activated T cells in the diabetic mouse group. This finding indicates that the polyherbal extract used in this study is a potential source of an immunomodulator, which may lead to benefits in the treatment of diabetes. Possibly, polyherbs suppress T cell activation by reducing oxidative stress, facilitated by antioxidant compounds in the polyherbs extract.
In this study, administration of several herbs was found to increase the relative amount of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In this study, IL-10 and TGF-β produced by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in polyherbal-treated diabetic mice showed an increase compared with those in the untreated diabetic control group and the normal control group (Figure 5).
The Morphological Characters of the Malayan Pit Viper
A meristic comparison consisting of the number of ventral, subcaudal, supralabial, infralabial and dorsal scales is presented in Table 3. The factor loadings of the first two components from the principal component analysis (PCA) are presented in Table 4. As in the male graph (Fig. 1 B), the graph of the two first PCs shows 3 groups: cluster II, cluster I, and cluster III.
Cephalic scales show the absence of small scales on both sides of the head. Cephalic scales show the presence of small scales on both sides of the head. Cephalic scales show the presence of small accessory scales on the right side of the head.
Intraspecific variation in the feeding ecology of the Crotalinae snake Calloselasma rhodostoma in Southeast Asia. Evidence that moisture affects snake activity patterns: a field study of the Malaysian viper Calloselasma rhodostoma.
Museum label abbreviations
Numerical Simulation of Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model with Stage-Structure on Predator
However, if they are large enough, all three populations can live together, indicating that the solution converges to the equilibrium point. In this paper, we proposed the Leslie Gower predator-prey model with a phase-structured predator shape using the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. We then compare the solution behavior occurring in the model with the solution behavior in the Leslie-Gower predator-prey model without phase structure.
We get that if we set , then the predator (young and adult) will die out, while the prey survives or the solution converges to . But if we state, then the predator will not become extinct, and the prey may become extinct if they are relatively small or the solution converges to the equilibrium point. However, if is large enough, but , then all three populations can live together indicating that the solution converges to the equilibrium point.
And if we compare the solution of model (2) with the solution behavior in the Leslie-Gower predator-prey model without phase structure, it turns out that with phase structure the behavior of the model becomes more variable depending on the value of and it is a very important parameter that can determine the long-term behavior of both prey and predators. Dynamics of the modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and additive Allee effect.
Proximate Composition of Some Common Fish Feed Flour Substitute
The results of the analysis obtained the closest content of the fish meal, shrimp head meal, soybean meal and bran meal, shown in Table 1. Protein is important for the fish body because on average 65-75% of the fish's dry body weight is protein [3]. Based on the results of the proximate analysis in Table 1, the highest content of ash content was the fish meal of 21.26% and the lowest of soybean meal with 5.28%.
The ash content of the feed represented the mineral content of the feed, the corresponding level was 3-7% [18]. Carbohydrates in fish feed are present in the form of crude fiber and free nitrogen extract (FNE), but crude fiber has a low nutritional value [19]. All forms of published corrections may also be peer-reviewed at the discretion of the editors.
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This section describes gratitude to those who helped in kind as well as financially. Importance of CD80/CD86-CD28 interaction in the recognition of target cells by CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells.
