THE HISTORY OF ARABIC SPREAD AND IMPACT IN BANJARMASIN CITY OF A THOUSAND RIVERS
Muhammad Rafeli Fakhlipi1, Agung Pranoto Kadiatmaja2
12STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya
Abstract
This journal tell to everyone especially to people of Banjarmasin about ‘how they relate to Arabic?’
and explain about the history of ‘how the spreads of Arabic language from old times to this times in Banjarmasin?’ as well as explaining about ‘what impacts of this language for this city both in terms of religion, government, society, ethnic ,local language, culture and all the things about Banjarmasin City?’ The Capital of South Kalimantan which is nicknamed and known as the city of a thousand rivers in Indonesia.
Keywords: History, Spreads, Impacts, Arabic, Banjarmasin.
INTRODUCTION
It is undeniable that the history of the Arabic language in Indonesia cannot be separated from the spread of Islam in Indonesia, including in Banjarmasin because the propagators according to the strongest opinion are Arab traders and they
trade in Arabic and the Koran and hadiths are also in Arabic, so that Indonesia becomes a country.
The largest Muslim in the world, however, what is unique is that the spread of Islam in Banjarmasin is not the same as in other parts of Indonesia, namely not directly from Arabs as the first party but from traders from outside fellow Indonesians but religiously Muslim. in the XV century through trade routes. The influence of Islam was brought by Muslim traders such as Raden Paku. The first adherents of Islam are thought to be traders and people living in port ports, namely the Malays and the Ngaju people. Islam officially became the religion of the Kingdom of Banjarmasin in the XVI century, namely on September 24, 1526 through the Kingdom of Demak. The acceptance of this religion occurred during the reign of Prince Samudera who later held the title Sultan Suriansyah.
Islam then developed rapidly under the reign of Sultan Suriansyah, this development included the organizational structure of government, socio- culture and the spread of the influence of Islam to the territory of the Kingdom of Banjarmasin. The
same development also occurred during the reign of Sultan Tahmidullah II with the establishment of the first place of recitation education. Regarding the evidence of the development of Islam in the Kingdom of Banjarmasin, it can be seen from historical relics between the tombs of the kings of Banjarmasin, cultural arts relics such as literary arts and the architectural art of Banjar traditional houses which are influenced by Islamic elements.
Islam in South Kalimantan is very strong, especially in Banjarmasin as the capital city.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This Many researchers have conducted research on the history of the Arabic language, including the impact of the Arabic language in Indonesia, but there are still few who specifically examine the impact of the Arabic language, especially in the city of Banjarmasin. For example,
"Since the development of Islam in the archipelago
in the 13th century until now, it can be seen that the Arabic language has helped foster and develop the Indonesian language. In other words, the religion of Islam brought by the Arabs caused the Arabic language to also influence the Indonesian language. The influence of the Arabic language on the Indonesian language can be seen in the number of Indonesian loan words that are used derived from Arabic, especially words or expressions related to the religion of Islam" (Ulul Albab Volume 15 No. 1 of 2014) "In addition to vocabulary, the influence of Arabic on Indonesian can also be seen in the Arabic script used in Indonesian and other languages. area (Banjar language for example)" (Abas, 1996: 159) Spread of language sa Arabic, the earliest recorded record of which is an inscription from 328 AD, was caused by the conquests of Arabs who were Muslim since the 7th century AD. For centuries Arabic was used as the sacred, literary, and official language of Islam. (Bloomfield, 1995: 65). "It is also said that scholars agree that an important event in the history of the development of the Arabic language was the arrival of Islam and its
spread to areas from Central Asia to West Africa.
The larger the population of Islam, the more widespread the influence of this language on the lives of the people. Because they are driven by religious spirit and spirit, Muslims have a love for reading the Koran, either for worship with the recitation of the Koran alone or to understand the contents of the Koran and explore Islamic teachings. there is a relationship between Arabic and Islam, so that it has far-reaching consequences for the future of the later Arabic language
Because Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, it cannot be denied that Arabic is very influential in Indonesia, especially in areas where Islam is very strong, such as the city of Banjarmasin, as evidenced by history that
"Before Indonesian was known as the national language, in ancient times when giving speeches, writing or composing Banjarese people used Banjarese Malay ( رجنب ساهب ) Spoken in Arabic script. The writings or letters used were generally
bare Arabic letters or scripts with written language Malay (Banjar version)." (Wikipedia).
RESEARCH METHOD
The participants of this research are the people of the city of Banjarmasin in general of various ages in order to produce diverse research results, all participants are Muslim so they can mostly read Arabic writing but they have different historical knowledge of the city of Banjarmasin, therefore it is expected from this research will be able to make them aware of their lack of knowledge of the history of their city, especially the influence of Arabic in the city of Banjarmasin itself and the importance of Arabic itself for a Muslim, the research was conducted by giving some survey questions about the impact of the Arabic language itself in their city, but more about leads 'Do they know the relationship of the Arabic language itself with the city of Banjarmasin?' and also 'What do they think about the impact of the Arabic language itself on the city of Banjarmasin, is the impact big or small or they don't even realize it? Along with the reasons, we ask for their honest opinion so that the results of our research
are expected to be in accordance with the facts in real life.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This Because the main purpose of this study is to make the people of Banjarmasin aware of the close relationship between Arabic and the city where they live, namely Banjarmasin, namely so that they are more familiar with the history of the city of Banjarmasin and the impact produced by the Arabic language itself in the city of Banjarmasin if traced through historical glasses, the results of the study revealed that most of the people of Banjarmasin still do not know the history of the city of Banjarmasin, especially related to the relationship of Banjarmasin with the Arabic language itself and almost some of them are not even aware of the impact of the Arabic language on the city of Banjarmasin but most of them believe that Arabic has a big impact and a very important role. important for the city of Banjarmasin both in terms of history, religion, culture, government etc.
When discussing the impact of Arabic on the city of Banjarmasin, it will not be separated from the element of religion, namely Islam, because Islam and Arabic are one part that cannot be separated as the language of the holy book (Al- Qur'an) and the words of the prophet (Hadith).
also with the historical element, from how the Kingdom in Banjarmasin turned into a Sultanate that adhered to the Islamic system from the previous Hindu kingdom so that it will definitely have an impact and its own historical story for the city of Banjarmasin is proven as the use of Jawi Arabic script which is influenced by Malay culture in the symbol of the Banjar Sultanate itself , as well as other direct visible impacts such as the use of Arabic letters at the Welcome Monument when we enter the Banjarmasin City Center. So knowledge of history is very important for us to learn and teach, because by knowing history we can take experience that occurred in the past and we become aware of the background or origin of an event occurring. Able to see the changing times and culture from the past to the present.
IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION
As a result, the lack of historical knowledge of most people in the city of Banjarmasin is caused by several factors, namely 1. The lack of historical education to the community 2. The lack of curiosity about the history of the city they currently live in 3. The lack of special historical information that can be found, especially related to the relationship between Arabic and Arabic. Banjarmasin City, Thus it can be concluded that the impact of Arabic
in Banjarmasin cannot be separated from 2 elements, namely 1. Elements of the History of the City of Banjarmasin itself, 2. The thickness of Islamic teachings in the City of Banjarmasin, and Most Banjarmasin people are still many who do not know their own history and culture which may begin to erode. by the times, therefore it is the duty of the Government to be able to educate the public about the rich history and culture of Banjarmasin as in the Education Factor, for example by including Banjar History and Culture Lessons, Banjarese Language, so that students in Banjarmasin do not forget their own history, as well as making Arabic a compulsory subject in schools because of the close relationship between Arabic and the city of Banjarmasin, also for example from government factors, such as reviving Arabic writings in the Jawi/original Arabic script in public facilities in order to make it a characteristic of Banjar culture and make it memorable. Let the public know the strong relationship between the Arabic language and the city of Banjarmasin, but the most important thing is that we have to start from ourselves by instilling a high curiosity
attitude towards History, Culture, Tribe, Religion related to ourselves so as to increase our knowledge of our identity so that there is a feeling of love with him.
Source Survey :
https://forms.gle/2ACXcXLJqdPMtHo68
REFERENCES
1. https://ejournal.uinmalang.ac.id/index.php/ul ulalbab/article/view/3154
2. http://karyailmiah.um.ac.id/index.php/sejarah /article/view/740#:~:text=Hasil
%20penelitian%20menunjukkan%20bahwa
%20awal,pedagang%20muslim%20seperti
%20Raden%20Paku.&text=Penerimaan
%20agama%20ini%20terjadi%20pada,yang
%20kemudian%20bergelar%20Sultan
%20Suriansyah
3. https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Ba njar
4. https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.kompas.c om/skola/read/2020/07/23/153546169/kenapa -harus-belajar-sejarah
Books:
Yusliani Noor, Kartika N. Nugrahini (2016). Islamization Of Banjarmasin. Yogyakarta:
Ombak
Journal Article:
Ayuba Pantu, Ulul Albab Volume 15, No.1 (2014) The Impact Of Arabic Language On The
Development Of The Indonesian Language.
Gorontalo: IAIN Sultan Amai.