Leaves are used as fodder, gum of the tree is used medicinally for gonorrhea and digestive disorders. Badyal Herb Plant is used as green vegetable as well as fodder; plant paste is applied externally to burns, boils and wounds. Herb leaves are used as green vegetables; poultice of leaves applied to cuts and wounds Ericaceae.
Carrot bark is used for diarrhoea, flowers are useful in beekeeping as bee feed and sometimes plants are used as a biofence. Karwi Shrub Used as fodder, leaf juice applied to wounds and flowers as source of bee food Lamiaceae. Herb Plant extracts are used as an astringent, carminative and blood purifier, leaf infusion is used for stomach problems and flowers as a source of bee food.
Herbal extract of leaves is used as astringent and plant paste is applied to skin diseases.
Degradation level of mangrove forest and its reduction strategies in Tabongo Village, Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
The level of mangrove forest degradation and its reduction strategies in Tabongo village, Boalemo district, Gorontalo province, Indonesia. The level of degradation of mangrove forest in Tabongo, Gorontalo Province 19 This is of course indirectly related to the mangrove. One of the mangrove areas in Indonesia is located in the coastal area of Dulupi sub-district, Boalemo district, Gorontalo province.
This study aims to assess the vegetation condition of mangrove forests in Dulupi sub-district, Boalemo district, Gorontalo province, to provide insight into the forest's degradation level. Importance Value Indices (IVI), species coverage (Ci) and relative species coverage (RCi) were calculated for each stage of mangrove trees. Four species of mangrove were found at the study site in Tabongo Village, Dulupi sub-district, namely Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., Ceriops tagal (Perr) CBRob and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.
The research conducted by Soeroyo and Achmad (2002) showed that species in the Rhizophoraceae family dominated the front zone of mangrove forests in the region of Sulawesi. The degradation of mangrove cover can cause the production of mangrove litter to decrease and have a negative impact on the nutrient cycle of the region. The condition of the mangrove forest in Tabongo Village, Boalemo was severely damaged in tree height.
Based on the results of this study, mitigation strategies are needed to prevent deforestation and degradation of mangrove forest in Tabongo village. Diversity and Potential Types Carbon Content of Mangrove Forests in Subelen Siberut River, West Sumatera. An assessment of natural regeneration of mangrove species in tsunami-affected areas in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Non-timber forest products extraction activities of traditional communities in the upstream Mamberamo Basin of West Papua,
Indonesia
Non-timber forest product extraction activities of traditional communities in the Mamberamo upstream basin, West Papua. In the forests, sample plots were created to collect data on the diversity and distribution of the flora, and for the fauna a counting technique was carried out, based on the preliminary information of the community. The surrounding forests belonging to the Tabruta tribe were surveyed based on their daily activities in the forests.
These areas are used for farming Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus). List of non-timber forest products used by indigenous communities upstream of the Mamberamo River, West Papua, Indonesia. Cananga Cananga odorata Stems and bark fiber The stems are used for building materials and the bark fiber for traditional materials and bags (noken).
Tree bark is used to cover the food, while the bark fibers are made into traditional bags and clothing. All parts of the plant Leaves and midrib are used for building materials, while stems are used to make bows and arrows. Sago starch is often used as a staple food and sold; leaves and midrib are used for building materials; steam is applied for media, sago caterpillar for food protein.
Wild Boar Sus scrofa Meat and Teeth Meat is eaten and sold, and teeth are used as accessories/souvenirs. However, large-scale activities and cultivation are mandatory in communities to reduce overexploitation in the natural habitat. For example, during the dry season, when the water level in the river decreases, communities usually change their daily activities to swamp forests and rivers.
Diversity and of tree species in tropical forests of Northcentral Eastern Ghats, India
Number of taxa, diversity indices and structural features of 3 sites of 1 ha in the north-central Eastern Ghats, India. Tree height distribution intervals showed that most trees in the study area were between 5 and 15 m tall (Figure 3). The current study can be compared to a large number of similar forest areas that have been studied in India and elsewhere in the tropics.
A total of 1,507 individual trees with an average stand density of 504 individuals ha-1 in this study exist well within the range of 276-905 individuals ha-1 reported for trees ≥15 cm gbh in other tropical forests (Sahu et al. Dominance concentration (Simpson's index ) in this study is within the range of 0.21-1.0 for tropical forests in several studies (Kumar et al. A quantitative inventory of tree species diversity revealed considerable differences in dominant species composition and stand density between forest areas and IVI calculations that helped in understanding the ecological importance of species from different communities.
Tree diversity in the tropical dry forest of Bannerghatta National Park in the Eastern Ghats, southern India. Forest conservation in the Eastern Ghats through remote sensing and GIS: A case study in the Kolli Hills. Tree community patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Cerros de Amotape Cordillera, Tumbes, Peru.
Tree species diversity and population structure in the tropical forests of north-central Eastern Ghats, India. Structure and floristic composition of tree stands in tropical forest in the Eastern Ghats of northern Andhra Pradesh, India. Structure and composition of forest ecosystems along an elevation gradient in the Western Ghats, South India.
Morphological characteristics and physical environment of Terminalia catappa in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Leaf shedding occurs twice a year, first in January/February/March and secondly, on July/August/. In drupes, the hard shell, commonly referred to as pith, develops from the ovary wall of the flower. Terminalia catappa (tropical almond tree) planted on the beach in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Photo by Marjenah 2017).
Branches and leaves reflect the sun's rays and absorb some of the solar radiation during the day, allowing less energy to reach the ground below the canopy (Arx 2012). This extraordinary ability to produce more beans is probably due to the availability of large amounts of carbohydrates as a result of the high photosynthetic activity in the open area. High or low air temperature is closely related to the radiation conditions in the area.
The reduction of light intensity is usually followed by a decrease in the number of branches of the plant. Leaf area is the morphological trait commonly used to determine canopy development. With leaves standing perpendicular to sunlight in bright sunlight, the growth rate of the crop will theoretically be improved by the distribution of the more evenly distributed light in the canopy with upright leaves (Goldsworthy and Fisher 1992).
This will support the growth of the plant so that the yield or quantity of the crop is increased. Many thanks to the Directorate General of Research and Strengthening of Research and Development of the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education for the research grants provided to the researcher. Taxonomic status of the genus Alpinia based on morphological characteristics, anatomy and essential oil chemical content.
Vegetative structure, floristic composition and natural regeneration of a species in Ylat Forest, Meket Woreda, Northeastern Ethiopia
Consequently, the danger certainly poses a major threat to the well-being of the population that depends on the biological resources of this ecosystem (Beyene 2010). The objectives of this research were (i) to document the floristic composition of woody plant species of Ylat Forest, Meket Woreda, Northeast Ethiopia, (ii) to describe the vegetative structure of the forest, and (iii) to determine the natural regeneration status to evaluate woody plant species of the forest. The range elevation of the study area is 1699-3502 meters above sea level with 47 kebeles in which out of those 6 are urban kebeles.
Map of the Ylat Forest study area, Meket Woreda, North Wello, Amhara, North East Ethiopia. To obtain the vegetation patterns of the study area and to identify representative sampling sites around the forest, a preliminary survey of the Ylat forest was conducted in October 2008. According to Panwar and Bhardwaji (2005), it is also important to know the size of the vegetation . as the number of plots to be laid out per hectare before data collection.
Dominance is the extent of species coverage as an expression of ground level space (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1974). Shannon-Wiener Equitability index (H') (the relative equity or evenness) of the species in each cluster was calculated using Microsoft Excel. The average density of woody species of the study vegetation was higher than that of the Achera forest (1034.17 individuals per hectare) (Getaneh 2012).
The five most dominant woody species of Ylat Forest had 48.24% of the total importance value index (Table S5 and Table 5). The count of the composition and the density of seedlings and saplings of woody species was done in Ylat Forest. The composition, distribution and density of seedlings and saplings indicate the future status of the vegetation cover.
Thus, the result of this study showed that the Ylati forest has a balanced distribution of species, indicated by the relatively high value of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'=2.94), which is more diverse than that of the forest state Menagesha Suba (H '=2.57) (Beche 2011). The floristic composition of Menagesha State Forest presents the need to conserve such forests in Ethiopia.
