12
Jurnal Kebijakan Pemerintahan 5 (2) (2022) : 12-21
JURNAL KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAHAN
e-ISSN 2721-7051, p-ISSN 2599-3534 Website: http://ejournal/.ipdn.a c.id/JKP
Fa culty of Politica l Government, Governa nce Institute of Home Affa irs (IPDN) DOI: https://doi.org/10.33701/jkp.v5i2.2922
E VALUATION O F T HE K ARTU T ANI P ROGRAM I N S UBSIDIZED F ERTILIZERS D ISTRIBUTION I N B ANYUMAS R EGENCY, C ENTRAL
J AVA P ROVINCE
Berliana Prilli Nomita
1,, Imwadia Ramadhoni
2*(1 Agency for sta ffing a nd huma n resource development, Ba nyumas Regency , Centra l Ja va Province, Indonesia
2Institut Pemerinta ha n Da la m Negeri, Sumeda ng Regency, West Ja va Province, Indonesia .
*penulis koresponden
email:[email protected]
Abstract
The Governor of Central Java Province initiated the Kartu Tani Program to realize the distribution, control, and supervision of subsidized fertilizers for farmers. However, there are still problems with implementing this program from the farmers, KPL (Complete Fertilizer Kiosk) and distributors, related agencies, and third parties, BRI Bank. The problems include the scarcity of subsidized fertilizers, delays in fertilizer distribution, inaccuracy targeting, and overpriced provision. So, this article proposes to discuss the Kartu Tani Program evaluation in Banyumas Regency. Using the Quasi Qualitative Design (QQD), the data was obtained from various documents, observations, and interviews. This article also used Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP). Based on the evaluation, after the existence of the Kartu Tani, farmers experienced many conveniences, including the relatively low price of fertilizer, the fertilizer quota, and the specific location of the fertilizer seller based on residents and farmer groups. Not only farmers, fertilizer sellers, and distributors also benefit from the Kartu Tani to make subsidized fertilizer reports from sales to distributors. On the other side, we show that many complaints regarding the Kartu Tani are still entered into the Banyumas Regency complaint hotline, but most of these complaints can be resolved. The Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Banyumas Regency commits to optimally implementing the Kartu Tani Program as the right solution for subsidized fertilizers distribution to farmers in the Banyumas Regency.
Keywords: Fertilizer distribution, Kartu Tani, policy evaluation, subsidized fertilizers.
Abstrak
Gubernur Provinsi Jawa Tengah menginisiasi Program Kartu Tani untuk mewujudkan penyaluran, pengendalian, dan pengawasan pupuk bersubsidi bagi petani. Namun, masih terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaan program ini baik dari petani, KPL (Kios Pupuk Lengkap), distributor, instansi terkait, maupun pihak ketiga, yaitu Bank BRI. Permasalahan tersebut antara lain terjadinya kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi, keterlambatan distribusi pupuk, target penyaluran yang tidak tepat dan harga pupuk yang tidak sesuai. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas evaluasi program Kartu Tani di Kabupaten Banyumas. Dengan menggunakan Quasi Qualitative Design (QQD), data diperoleh dari berbagai dokumen, observasi, dan wawancara. Artikel ini juga menggunakan analisis data berupa Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP).Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, setelah adanya Kartu Tani, petani mengalami banyak kemudahan, diantaranya harga pupuk yang relatif murah, kuota pupuk, dan penjual pupuk berlokasi dekat dengan warga dan kelompok tani. Tidak hanya petani, penjual pupuk, dan distributor juga diuntungkan dengan Kartu Tani dalam membuat laporan pupuk bersubsidi dari penjualan ke distributor. Di sisi lain, menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak pengaduan mengenai Kartu Tani yang masuk ke hotline pengaduan Kabupaten Banyumas, namun sebagian besar pengaduan tersebut dapat diselesaikan. Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Kabupaten Banyumas berkomitmen untuk melaksanakan Program Kartu Tani secara optimal sebagai solusi yang tepat dalam penyaluran pupuk bersubsidikepada petani di wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas.
Kata kunci: Distribusi pupuk, Kartu Tani, evaluasi kebijakan, pupuk bersubsidi.
I. I
NTRODUCTIONAgriculture is a significa nt fina ncia l contributor to the Indonesia n economy. According to the Ministry of Agriculture (Kementa n), a mid the Covid-19 pa ndemic, the a gricultura l sector ha s contributed significa ntly to
the na tiona l economy. Ba sed on da ta from the Central Sta tistics Agency, yea r-on-yea r growth in the fa rming sector in the fourth qua rter of 2020 wa s 2.59 percent, 10.47 percent of which wa s supported by the food crops sub-sector, including rice (Tempo. com, 2021). In contra st to these a chievements, Indonesia 's a gricultural sector still ha s ma ny problems (Cha kim, 2020; Fanani
13 et a l., 2022). Through the Ministry of Agriculture, the
government seeks to overcome the shorta ges of subsidized fertilizers by issuing severa l policies rela ted to subsidized fertilizers. Some of these policies include the Bima s a nd Inma s progra m (1969), the ga s cost subsidy incentive for fertilizer producers (2002), the policy on the a pplica tion of fertilizer HET (Highest Reta il Cost) (2006), the repla cement of subsidized fertilizer supply compa nies, fa rmer group subsidies, to Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m.
The Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m is a progra m initia ted by the Governor of Centra l Ja va Province to rea lize the distribution, control, a nd supervision of subsidized fertilizers for fa rmers. This progra m 's implementa tion depends on six principles: the right a mount, type, time, pla ce, qua lity, a nd cost. This progra m a lso provides ba nking services for Centra l Ja va fa rmers (Ja tengprov.go.id, 2017). Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security in Ba nyumas Regency has distributed Ka rtu Ta ni to registered fa rmers in the Indonesia n Agricultura l Informa tion System (SINPI) by collecting da ta a nd inputting fa rmers' da ta needs in the Definitive Pla n for Group Needs (RDKK).
The Ka rtu Ta ni progra m ha s long been implemented in Centra l Ja va . However, there a re still problem implementa tions from the Ka rtu Ta ni a dmin, BPP (Agricultura l Extension Agency), BRI Ba nk, fertilizer distributors, a nd fa rmers. The a uthor a lso found some problems—first, the low level of fa rmers' a wa reness a nd perception of the Ka rtu Ta ni. For insta nce, in Pa tikra ja District, until now, there a re still fa rmers who ha ve not registered with the Indonesian Food Ma na gement Information System (SIMPI), so these fa rmers ca nnot use Ka rtu Ta ni. Second, the Complete Fertilizer Kiosks a re not loca ted in the villa ge of the distribution a rea , so it requires a dditiona l costs for fa rmers to buy fertilizer. Third, the la ck of coordina tion between BRI Ba nk a nd PPL (Fello w Agricultura l Extension) in printing Ka rtu Ta ni, so PPLs do not know the exa ct number of Ka rtu Ta ni tha t have been a nd ha ve not been printed. In this ca se, the bank does the printing of Ka rtu Ta ni unila tera lly.
Some resea rch on Ka rtu Ta ni implementa tion has been done such a s (Fa hmi & Ma ria , 2020; La leb &
Nuswa nta ra , 2019; Lesta ri & Wija ya nto, 2022; Moko, K. W., Suwa rto, S., & Uta mi, 2017; Wa hid et a l. 2021).
But, this resea rch focuses on eva lua ting the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m implementa tion in the Ba nyumas Regency using Ma nua l Da ta Ana lysis Procedure (MDAP) to find more a lterna tive stra tegies. So, hopefully, It will provide a n overview of a lterna tive problem -solving and eva lua tion of the Ka rtu Ta ni progra m.
L ITERATURE R EVIEW
An eva lua tion process conta ins a t lea st severa l dimensions in conducting a n eva lua tion, na mely the impa ct of policies on the public problems of a ta rget group, the result of policies on groups outside the ta rget group, the impa ct of policies on the current era a nd the future era (Kiu, 2018). (Willia m N Dunn, 2003)
suggests tha t there a re criteria in policy eva lua tion, na mely:
1. Effectiveness is whether a policy ca n a chieve its objectives of the policy.
2. Efficiency is the a mount of effort needed to a chieve the level of effectiveness.
3. Adequa cy is the a chievement of results in solving problems.
4. Alignment is the equita ble distribution of costs a nd ta rget group benefits.
5. Responsiveness is the a chievement of a policy a ddressing the needs a nd va lues of pa rticular groups.
6. Accura cy is the va lue of the desired policy objective
In a ddition, there a re four eva lua tion techniques, a ccording to Finsterbusch a nd Motz (Suba rsono, 2015), na mely
1. Single progra m After-Only is ba sed on the ta rget group's conditions a fter implementa tion.
2. Single Progra m Before-After is ba sed on the ta rget group conditions before a nd a fter the progra m's implementa tion in terms of its cha nges.
3. Compa ra tive After-Only a na logizes the differences between ta rget groups a nd non- ta rget groups.
4. Compa ra tive Before-After is ba sed on the ta rget group a nd the impa ct received before a nd a fter the progra m 's implementa tion.
The policy is a systema tic process. So tha t in conducting a n eva lua tion, it is necessa ry to pay a ttention to the steps in the review. The Suchman theory in (Wina rno 2014) sta tes there a re six policy eva lua tion steps: identifica tion of progra m objectives, problem a na lysis, description a nd a ctivities sta nda rdiza tion, mea surement of the change level, and determining the observed cha nges.
The Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m is a government policy.
Public policy is a government a ctivity where the community must pa rticipa te, whether the government ca rries out a n a ct or not. The policy is a wa y of controlling a nd defining something the government must implement in a problem, the triggers, a nd the effects of the public policy. The public policy process is a series of sta ges, from formula ting to eva lua ting public policies.
Eva lua tion is a wa y of understa nding to a ssess a n a ction, a ctivity, or progra m ca rried out, whether it is by the objectives or pla ns. Eva lua tion is a lso a process for ma king decision options by pla nning, obta ining, a nd providing the informa tion needed. Eva lua tion includes receiving informa tion to judge the progra m, product, procedure, a nd objective worth. (Ha ja roh, 2018). This opinion defines eva lua tion, na mely the determina tion of va lue rela ted to a ma tter, the a ccumula tion of facts used to determine the va lue of the
14 success of a n a genda , results, procedures, objectives, or
potentia l uses of a lterna tive pla nning to ma inta in a pa rticula r pla n. Policy eva lua tion ha s severa l roles in the policy a na lysis process. These roles include providing va lid informa tion rela ted to policy performa nce, cla rifying a nd critiquing va lues that underlie the selection of goa ls a nd ta rgets, and contributing to policy a na lysis methods.
Agriculture is one of the sectors of the community's economy for production a nd consumption needs. Indonesia n Government La w Numb er 19 of 2013 About the Protection a nd Empowerment of Fa rmers expla ins a griculture is the a ctivity of ma naging living na tura l resources with the help of technology, modes, huma n resources, a nd ma nagement. It produces commodities, such a s food crops, horticulture, pla nta tions, a nd livestock in a n a groecosystem. Mosher a lso a rgues, "Agricultura l development is a pa rt of economic development a nd society in genera l"
(Suda lmi, 2010).
The concept of a gricultura l development is defined a s a description of a ll na tura l resource ma na gement efforts to improve fa rmers' welfa re through environmenta lly friendly wa ys. According to Mosher, there a re five ma in requirements in the concept of a gricultura l development, na mely: (Suda lmi, 2010)
1. The ma rket for fa rming products exists.
2. Technologica l developments.
3. Loca l production ma teria ls a nd tools a re a va ila ble.
4. The production stimula nts for fa rmers exist.
5. Tra nsporta tion is smooth a nd continuous.
In this ca se, the government issued a n a gricultura l policy in the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m to ca rry out one of the a bove development requirements, na mely the a va ila bility of ma teria ls in the form of subsidized fertilizer for fa rmers a nd efforts to optimize the distribution process.
II. M ETHOD
The a rticle used the Qua si Qua lita tive Design (QQD). The side of positivism ha ppens when sta rting deductive resea rch using theory. When it enters the data a na lysis sta ge, the technique turns inductively through how the resea rcher a na lyzes the da ta . According to (Bungin, 2020), Qua si Qua lita tive Design ha s the following steps: sea rching for the problem, litera ture review, founding the ga p, constructing hypotheses, pla nning da ta sources a nd constructing da ta collections method, da ta collection, keeping a dia ry, tra nscript, coding, themes, ca tegoriza tion, a nd memos, building a nd confirma tion theory, constructing new theo ry (Bungin, 2020).
This a rticle's prima ry da ta consists of observa tions a nd interviews with 20 informa nts. The informa nts consisted of a cha ir of the Fa rmer Ca rd Section, a head of the Ba nyumas Regency Agriculture a nd Food Security Service, a Ba nyumas Regency Fa rmer Ca rd Admin, a Keba sen Sub-district Hea d, a Pa tikra ja Sub- district Hea d, two people of District PPL, two people of KPL Owners, a BRI Ba nk Officer, a nd ten fa rmers.
The a uthor a lso observed directly by looking a t the tra nsa ction process using the Ka rtu Ta ni a t the nea rest KPL.
The a rticle's seconda ry da ta consists of notes during observa tion, a rchives, a nd severa l supporting documents received a t the Ba nyumas Regency Agriculture a nd Food Security Service a nd the Distric t of BPP Office. In a ddition, documenta tion during the resea rch a lso become a seconda ry da ta source for this a rticle. The da ta a nalysis used Ma nua l Da ta Ana lysis Procedure (MDAP) to find a more comprehensive problem solution.
III. R ESULT A ND D ISCUSSION
Evaluation of The Kartu Tani Program in Banyumas Regency
The informa tion from the Burea u of Infra structure a nd Na tura l Resources website in Central Ja va Province sta ted tha t Ka rtu Ta ni is a Ba nk Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) co-bra nded debit ca rd. This ca rd informs the subsidized fertilizer a lloca tions and pa yment tra nsa ctions in BRl Electronic Da ta Ca pture (EDC) ma chine. It is a lso pla ced a t reta ilers a nd is genera lly helpful for a ll ba nking tra nsa ctions (Ja tengprov.go.id, 2017).
The progra m rea lizes the distribution of subsidized fertilizers through urea , NPK, SP, ZA, and orga nic. The implementa tion of the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m's first tria l in Ba ta ng Regency, Centra l Ja va, in 2015. After eva lua ting the tria l's performa nce, the Governor of Centra l Ja va Instruction No. 81 of 2017 requires using Ka rtu Ta ni for a ll fa rmers in Central Ja va .
Until the 2017 report, a ll districts in Centra l Java ha d used the Ka rtu Ta ni to redeem subsidized fertilizers. In 2020, through the Minister of Agriculture Regula tion Number 01 of 2020, concerned with the Loca tion a nd Highest Reta il Cost of Subsidized Fertilizers in the Agricultura l Sector for Fisca l Yea r 2020, the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m wa s officia lly a dopted as a na tiona l policy progra m in a griculture a nd forma lly implemented for a ll fa rmers in Indonesia .
Ba nyumas Regency ha s implemented the Ka rtu Ta ni since 2017 but ha s not fully used the Ka rtu Ta ni to redeem subsidized fertilizers. It mea ns tha t there is still tolera nce from the Depa rtment of Agriculture and Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency for fa rmers who do not ha ve a Ka rtu Ta ni to be a ble to buy subsidized
15 fertilizer without a Ka rtu Ta ni. In 2020, it 100 percent
used Ka rtu Ta ni in redeeming subsidized fertilizers ba sed on the Circula r Letter of the Directora te Genera l of Agricultura l Infra structure a nd Fa cilities of the
Ministry of Agriculture Number
510.1/SR.340/B.5.2/08/2020 concern in Fertiliz e r Subsidy Governa nce, for the contents of the circula r, including:
1. Redemption of subsidized fertilizer must use a ca rd. Fa rming a nd collection using the Da shboa rd Ba nk.
2. Implementa tion of the Ka rtu Ta ni in 2020 for the Ja va , Ma dura , Sumba wa , a nd West Sumba wa regions a s of September 1, 2020, a nd in 2021 is ma ndatory throughout Indonesia .
Ba sed on the letter, it is officia lly ma nda tory to use the Ka rtu Ta ni in redeeming subsidized fertilizers for fa rmers in Ba nyumas Regency. The following memos will expla in the result of Ka rtu Ta ni's implementa tion.
Figure 1. Memos results of the evaluation of the Kartu Tani Program in Banyumas Regency
The memo a bove is one of the sta ges in the data processing process a fter the resea rch. Memos describe the resea rch results in the form of mind ma pping used by resea rchers in ma king a discussion fra mework and conclusions from the study.
Implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m in Ba nyumas Regency ha s been ca rried out under existing regula tions a nd mecha nisms. In 2020, Ba nyumas Regency obliga ted a ll fa rmers to use the Ka rtu Ta ni. So, there is no more extended tolera nce for fa rmers who do not ha ve a Ka rtu Ta ni to redeem subsidized fertilizer.
Most fa rmers know wha t the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m is and its function. From the interviews, most fa rmers sa id that Ka rtu Ta ni is a progra m given by the Central Government, especia lly the Ministry of Agriculture, to fa rmers to redeem subsidized fertilizers. Most fa rmers
know tha t using this Ka rtu Ta ni is obliga tory for them to buy a nd sa ve subsidized fertilizers.
Ka rtu Ta ni provides severa l impa cts for fa rmers a nd other progra m -implementing components. Ba sed on interviews conducted with severa l fa rmers in Pa tikra ja a nd Keba sen sub-districts, with the Ka rtu Ta ni, fa rmers find it ea sier to find a nd buy subsidized fertilizers. Previously, fa rmers ha d difficulty finding subsidized fertilizers. The dista nce of the kiosk increa ses the cost of purcha sing fertilizer. If there is a fertilizer shorta ge, fa rmers must look for fertilize r outside the Regency a rea to get fertilizer; tha t's a ll at a very high cost. However, a fter the existence of the Ka rtu Ta ni, fa rmers experienced ma ny conveniences, including the rela tively low price of fertilizer, the fertilizer quota , a nd the loca tion of the fertilizer seller, who wa s sure beca use of the loca tion of plots on the site of residents a nd fa rmer groups. Not only fa rmers, fertilizer sellers, a nd distributors a lso benefit from the Ka rtu Ta ni. It is ea sier for fertilizer sellers to report subsidized fertilizer sa les to distributors. Fertiliz e r sellers only collect fertilizer purcha se receipts for further reca pitula tion per month. Besides tha t, it is a lso ea sier for fertilizer sellers beca use distributors a lwa ys send fertilizer a ga in when the fertilizer stock a t the kiosk is running low. It is beca use of the monitoring fertilizer quota a t the booth through the da shboa rd of the EDC ma chine used in the tra nsa ction process using a Ka rtu Ta ni.
Ka rtu Ta ni does provide ma ny benefits to its users. However, on the other ha nd, Ka rtu Ta ni has severa l dra wba cks tha t give rise to obsta cles in its implementa tion. The shortcomings of the Ka rtu Ta ni include the mecha nism of the Ka rtu Ta ni, which is considered complica ted. According to severa l Distric t PPL ta sked with a ssisting fa rmers in collecting and registering Ka rtu Ta ni, the mea ns for submitting and registering Ka rtu Ta ni is considered too complex. Why is tha t? Looking ba ck a t the ta rget of this Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m, na mely fa rmers, the mecha nism is considered quite difficult. The ba ckground fa rmers, prima rily elderly with a minimum level of educa tion, a re one of the rea sons for this (Fa hmi & Ma ria , 2020). According to PPL, ma ny fa rmers feel inferior a nd a re a fra id to deal with the ba nking sector. Besides, ma ny fa rmers wrongly perceive sa vings a s obliga tory in the Ka rtu Ta ni. Apa rt from the fa rmers, the PPL a lso found it difficult with the existing mecha nism.
All da ta collection a nd submission of Ka rtu Tani a re ca rried out by PPLs, even though their number is limited. It a dds to the PPL's burden when problems occur in the registra tion of the Ka rtu Ta ni. The Ka rtu Ta ni uses a SIMPI (Indonesia n Agricultura l Ma na gement Information System) owned by BRI and
16 eRDKK. It is a n electronic system tha t includes a
fa rmer profile in a fa rmer group a nd a definitive plan for the needs of the fa rmer group, sta rting from fa rmer da ta , la nd a rea , a nd fa rmers' fertilizer needs. Both SIMPI a nd eRDKK systems do not open a t a ny time, usua lly in the middle of the yea r, to open new registra tions. The registra tion a nd da ta collection mecha nism of Ka rtu Ta ni a lso frequently cha nges, from initia lly only through eRDKK a nd SIMPI , now ha ving to go through eRDKK, Simluhta n to SIMPI. The frequent cha nges in these mecha nisms crea te data confusion a nd double for PPLs, not to mention the limited number in ea ch sub-district.
The second dra wba ck of Ka rtu Ta ni concerns a third pa rty implementing Ka rtu Ta ni, na mely the BRI ba nk. Ba nyumas Regency coopera tes with BRI ba nk in implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni progra m. In this ca se, BRI ba nk is a provider of ba nking services a nd a provider of EDC ma chines for subsidized fertilizer tra nsa ctions using the Ka rtu Ta ni. All BRI ba nk units in ea ch sub- district serve the printing of Ka rtu Ta ni. The mecha nism is tha t the fa rmer ha s previously received a letter of recommenda tion from the District PPL as proof tha t the fa rmer ha s the right a nd ca n print the Ka rtu Ta ni. In this ca se, the ca rd printing mecha nism at ea ch BRI ba nk unit is different. It ma kes most fa rmers feel confused a nd bla me the sub-district PPL. There is no uniformity of printing mecha nism between one bank unit a nd a nother.
The third dra wba ck is the uninforma tive design of the Ka rtu Ta ni. The side of the Ka rtu Ta ni only lists the Ka rtu Ta ni number a nd the na me of the owner fa rmer. The ca rd owner's a ddress is not a va ila ble to a nticipa te tha t if the fa rmer loses the ca rd somewhere, the person who finds it ca n quickly return it to the a ddresses, so fa rmers with the sa me na me a re not confused when printing ca rds. In a ddition to the less informa tive design, the Ka rtu Ta ni PIN is universa l.
Irresponsible persons could misuse it. The following is the figure of Ka rtu Ta ni.
Figure 2. Kartu Tani
Ka rtu Ta ni ca n increa se the a bsorption of subsidized fertilizer in the Ba nyumas Regency. Before
it, the a bsorption of subsidized fertilizer didn't rea ch the ta rget a nd wa s prone to irregula rities (Suca hyo et a l., 2022). Ba sed on da ta , the percenta ge of subsidized fertilizer a bsorption using Ka rtu Ta ni in Ba nyumas Regency a s of December 23, 2021, ha s increa sed significa ntly. Absorption of urea fertilizer is 71 percent, SP-36 fertilizer is 60 percent, ZA fertilizer is 82 percent, NPK fertilizer is 98 percent, a nd orga nic fertilizer is 88 percent. This percenta ge compa res the fertilizers' a lloca tion a nd the fertilizers' rea liza tion in the field. The ra te ca n be seen in the following ta ble:
Table 1
Percentage Absorption of Subsidized Fertilizer Using Kartu Tani compared to Allocation in Banyumas Regency as of December 23, 2021
Source: Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyuma s Regency, 2021
The high a bsorption of fertilizers is due to the high dema nd for fertilizers. How did it ha ppen?
Beca use with the Ka rtu Ta ni, it is ea sy for fa rmers to get subsidized fertilizer, a nd the rela tively much chea per cost ma kes fa rmers prefer to buy fertilize r using the Ka rtu Ta ni. It a lso ca nnot be sepa ra ted from the performa nce of other implementing components.
The implementing components of the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m consist of the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security, the Depa rtment of Tra de, distributors, KPL, PPL, BRI Ba nk, a nd fa rmers. Each component ha s its duties a nd responsibilities. In this ca se, the Depa rtment of Tra de is responsible for distributors a nd KPL. The Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security implements the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m in Ba nyumas Regency a nd oversees the PPL in every BPP in the sub-district. BRI Ba nk is a third pa rty that provides EDC ma chines for tra nsa ctions using the Ka rtu Ta ni. The performa nce of the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency is considered good, responsive, coopera tive, solutive, a nd firm. It quickly responds to va rious compla ints and obsta cles, provides solutions to existing problems, conducts counseling a nd monitoring in ea ch sub- district, a nd severa l stra tegies to overcome difficulties.
The Depa rtment of Tra de, which oversees the distributor a nd KPL, is responsible for the performance of the distributor a nd KPL. If there is a viola tion, then the one who ta kes over the settlement is the Depa rtment of Tra de. Distributors a nd KPL coopera te in fulfillin g No Type of
Fertilizer Allocation Realized Percentage 1. Urea 19.873.000 14.017.306,82 71%
2. SP-36 881.000 532.791,5 60%
3. ZA 85.000 70.072 82%
4. NPK 11.000.000 10.817.472,44 98%
5. Organik 1.711.000 1.549.965,2 88%
17 fertilizer needs for fa rmers. KPL coordina tes with the
distributor if the supply of fertilizer is running low.
According to severa l KPL owners, the distributor's performa nce is good, tends to be responsive a nd firm, a nd distributors do not hesita te to relea se their KPL sta tus if the KPL is proven to ha ve committed a viola tion.
Severa l fa rmers think tha t KPL's performance va ries. Some KPLs a re disciplined a nd coopera tive.
Disciplined a nd colla bora tive KPLs ca rry out tra nsa ction services for purcha sing subsidized fertilizers a ccording to opera ting hours, mea ning discipline in service time. They a lso sell subsidized fertilizer a ccording to HET a nd only buy it using the Ka rtu Ta ni. Mea nwhile, the undisciplined KPLs who ca rry out tra nsa ction services will sometimes sell subsidized fertilizers a bove the HET a nd even serve the purcha se of subsidized fertilizers without using a Ka rtu Ta ni. The following is HET da ta determined ba sed on the Regula tion of the Minister of Agriculture Number 1 of 2020.
Table 2
HET subsidized fertilizer No. Types of subsidized
fertilizers
HET
1 Urea IDR 1,800/kg
2 SP-36 IDR 2,000/kg
3 ZA IDR 1,400/kg
4 NPK IDR 2,300/kg
5 NPK Specific formula IDR 3,000/kg
6 Orga nic IDR 500/kg
Source: The Regula tion of the Minister of Agricultu re Number 1 of 2020.
The HET a bove should be a guideline in setting subsidized fertilizer prices for KPL to crea te a uniform selling price. The KPL pa rty like this will be processed a nd removed from the KPL sta tus by the Depa rtment of Tra de. The third-pa rty Ka rtu Ta ni, na mely BRI Ba nk, is often in the spotlight of fa rmers a nd the Depa rtment of Agriculture. BRI is considered less responsive and la cks coordina tion with the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd PPLs in the sub-districts. Responses to compla ints rega rding system problems a nd ca rds a re not quick, so ma ny fa rmers ha ve registered for Ka rtu Ta ni. However, they ha ve not been a ble to tra nsa ct using Ka rtu Ta ni beca use the ca rd still ha s problems. According to the Hea d of the Ka rtu Ta ni Section of the Ba nyumas Regency Agriculture a nd Food Security Service, Mrs.
Pra tiwi, the BRI la cked coordina tion rega rding the printing of the Ka rtu Ta ni. The office ha s often a sked for da ta rega rding the number of printed Ka rtu Ta ni, the problema tic Ka rtu Ta ni, but the response from BRI is considered unsa tisfa ctory. They tend to pa ss the ta sk to a nother person in cha rge. It is a lso due to the a bsence
of a teller or customer service tha t ha ndles explicitly a nd serves Ka rtu Ta ni. In other words, Ka rtu Ta ni services a re still combined with genera l ba nking services.
The a dva ntages a nd disa dva ntages of incompetent pa rties' performa nce ha ve ca used several obsta cles in implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m in Ba nyumas Regency. However, under the existing mecha nism, it ca nnot be denied tha t there a re still obsta cles to implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m.
These obsta cles a nd constra ints come from va rious components of implementing Ka rtu Ta ni.
Severa l obsta cles come from fa rmers during the Ka rtu Ta ni implementa tion. The constra ints a re, first, the perceptions of fa rmers who a re a fra id to use the Ka rtu Ta ni. Fa rmers tend to be sca red to do ba nking- rela ted a ctivities. Their lousy perception of the Ka rtu Ta ni, which resembles a n ATM debit ca rd, ha s ca used ma ny fa rmers to be relucta nt to register for the Ka rtu Ta ni a t the beginning of the implementa tion. Second, the a ttitude of fa rmers who a re less obedient. Some unscrupulous fa rmers a buse the existence of this Ka rtu Ta ni fa cility for persona l ga in. A fa rmer group a lso coordina tes the Ka rtu Ta ni of its members. In a tra nsa ction, the fa rmer group uses more tha n one time Ka rtu Ta ni belonging to its members. The third is the use of Ka rtu Ta ni for a uto debit. Auto debit is a pa yment system tha t a utomatically reduces the ba la nce in the a ccount due to tra nsa ctions ma de by customers.
This a utomatic reduction in ha rmony does not ha ppen immedia tely, but there ha s been a prior a greement between the ba nk a nd the customer (Lifepa l.co.id, 2022). With the use of the Ka rtu Ta ni for a uto debit, the ba la nce entered into the Ka rtu Ta ni is consta ntly dra ined for the debit insta llments. So tha t the Ka rtu Ta ni ca nnot be used for subsidized fertilizer redemption tra nsa ctions.
There a re severa l obsta cles in implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m origina ting from KPL. These obsta cles include the first, the fa r dista nce of the fertilizer kiosk. Some fa rmers compla in tha t the KPL is quite fa r from their settlement. It impa cts the a dditional tra nsporta tion costs for a single purcha se of fertilizer.
The remote loca tion a lso ca uses some fa rmers to choose to redeem fertilizer with a one-time-many redemption system. Still, this method clea rly ca nnot be done considering the quota recorded on the Ka rtu Ta ni, the percenta ge tha t shows how much the redeemed fertilizer quota is. Second is the distributor's fertilize r dela y beca use ma ny fa rmers buy no n-subsidized fertilizers a t high costs. The distributor wa s la te sending subsidized fertilizer supplies to KPL due to a n error in the da shboa rd. It is usua lly due to a mista ke in the EDC system tha t did not input da ta rela ted to Ka rtu Ta ni
18 conducting tra nsa ctions. In the EDC system, there wa s
no reduction in fertilizer quota due to tra des, but there is a reduction a t the kiosk, tra nsa ctions occur, and fertilizer. Third, there a re KPL elements tha t sell subsidized fertilizers a bove the HET. It is detrimental to fa rmers beca use severa l KPL elements sell subsidized fertilizer a bove the HET for service fees.
Tha t is a n a ct of brea king the rules. In this ca se, the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd the Depa rtment of Tra de immedia tely followed up a nd ga ve sa nctions to the KPL concerned.
An error a lso ca uses constra ints in the mecha nism of the Ka rtu Ta ni support system. These obsta cles include the different ca rd numbers from the printed and the BRI system beca use a n empty quota on the ca rd is concerned ca nnot be used for tra nsa ctions to purchase subsidized fertilizers. Second, the swa pped NIK (ID number) system. The da ta base of Ka rtu Ta ni is NIK.
However, severa l fa rmers with the sa me na me have different NIK. It often ca uses the NIK on the ca rd to be confused with the one in the system. Third, the fertilize r quota is not complete. The quota recorded in the Ka rtu Ta ni is the a pplica tion a lloca tion quota registered in the eRDKK. In contra st, the fertilizer quota issued by the government is not ba sed on the percenta ge but on the government's a bility to provide fertilizer subsidies to fa rmers. It is often a deba te a mong fa rmers a nd the KPL.
The Obsta cles tha t a rise from BRI Ba nk include problems with the EDC ma chine. The EDC ma chine is a BRl Electronic Da ta Ca pture ma chine pla ced at reta ilers. It ca n function to perform a ll ba nking tra nsa ctions in genera l (Ja tengprov.go.id, 2017). Some EDC ma chines ca nnot ca pture providers for tra nsa ctions, a nd the signa l provider is wea k.
These obsta cles a lso led to severa l compla ints rega rding implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni in Ba nyumas Regency. Ba sed on the results of a n interview with the Hea d of the Ka rtu Ta ni Section of the Ba nyumas Regency Agriculture a nd Food Security Service, Mrs.
Pra tiwi, most of the com pla ints ca me from individua l fa rmers.
The compla ints were entered into the Ba nyumas Regency compla int hotline to follow up by the Ba nyumas Regency Agriculture a nd Food Security Service in coordina tion with a ll pa rties involved in implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni.
Strategies for optimizing the subsidized fertilizers distribution by using the Kartu Tani in Banyumas Regency
Before discussing the stra tegy ca rried out by the Depa rtment of Agriculture, severa l suggestions exist for implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni. From the interview
a nd observa tion results, fa rmers a nd PPLs a dvised that the government should simplify the implementa t ion mecha nism of the Ka rtu Ta ni progra m from registra tion to the printing ca rd process. For most fa rmers a re difficult to register a nd print ca rds. Most a re relucta nt to come to the ba nk a nd ca re for the Ka rtu Ta ni because the mecha nism is complica ted. The District PPL a lso objected to the a gency for collecting da ta on fa rmers pa rticipa ting in the Ka rtu Ta ni registra tion of the Ka rtu Ta ni. The frequent cha nges in the da ta input mechanism to the system a re one of the rea sons for PPLs in the sub - district. The opened pla n occa siona lly ca uses an a ccumula tion of fa rmer da ta a nd a dds to the number of fa rmers who ha ve not used the Ka rtu Ta ni. Ka rtu Ta ni printing a t BRI Ba nk is a lso often a problem beca use there is no da ta on how ma ny printed ca rds. So, improving a nd simplifying the flow of registra tion and printing of Ka rtu Ta ni is necessa ry.
The subsidized fertilizer quota recorded on the Ka rtu Ta ni a nd the percenta ge issued by the government is different. The sponsored fertilizer quota registered in the Ka rtu Ta ni is the a lloca tion quota proposed through fa rmer groups a nd recorded in the eRDKK. Mea nwhile, the percenta ge issued by the government is ba sed on the government's a bility to provide fertilizer subsidies to fa rmers. It ca uses misundersta nding a mong fa rmers. As a suggestion, it is better if the quota listed in the Ka rtu Ta ni depends on the government, not the percenta ge a lloca ted in the eRDKK, to minimize misundersta ndings a mong fa rmers.
The sub-district PPL is a lso essentia l in implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m. From reca pitula ting fa rmer group da ta to inputting fa rmer da ta into the Agricultura l Extension Ma na gement Informa tion System (Simluhta n), the SIMPI, and eRDKK to monitoring a nd upda ting the eRDKK data every month by PPL. Ea ch sub-district consists of five to six PPL officers loca ted in the BPP office in every District Office. The number of PPLs is minima l and inefficient in rea ching a ll villa ge a rea s in ea ch sub - district. For exa mple, one PPL is responsible for four to five villa ges in his sub-district. Not to mention the dista nce from one villa ge to a nother, which is not a lwa ys close. PPL officers must be a ble to foster, supervise a nd a ssist fa rmer groups in the villa ge they a re responsible. One of the PPL officers in Pa tikraja Sub-district, Mrs. Lily Setyo Pra sa nthi, STP, sta ted that they la cked PPL personnel. The number of PPL members a t this time is minima l, with the burden of their ma in ta sks a nd functions being so ma ny. It will rela te to the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency to consider proposa ls for the a ddition of PPL officers in the sub-district.
19 According to the Sub-District Hea d of Pa tikra ja,
Mr. Drs. Lendra Yuspi, M.Si, the Ka rtu Ta ni implementa tion ha s been very good. It would be nice if irresponsible people did not politicize the progra m.
Implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m must provide convenience a nd facilities for fa rmers to buy subsidized fertilizers a nd obta in ba nk loa ns for their a gricultura l ca pita l.
The Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m s a re stra ightforwa rd for fa rmers to buy subsidized fertilizers. However, a few fa rmers ha ve requested tha t the Ka rtu Ta ni ca n a lso be used to sell their a gricultura l products. The fa rmers a lso wa nt a ma rket for fa rm products supervised and ma na ged directly by the Depa rtment of Agriculture and Food Security so tha t there will be no more middlemen pla ying with mea ger costs.
The Hea d of the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency, Mr. Ja ka Budi Sa ntosa , a lso a dvised the government to reduce the provision of fertilizer subsidies. It is a n effort to reduce the use of chemica l fertilizers to shift the use from chemica l fertilizers to orga nic fertilizers. According to him, the use of chemica l fertilizers is not entirely good, ma ybe the impa ct is not visible now, but in the next 20 to 30 yea rs, the soil ba la nce will be very disturbed. Mr.
Ja ka a dded tha t the government reduced fertilizer subsidies to fina nce tra ining in orga nic fertilize r production for fa rmers so tha t fa rmers ca n find safe and environmenta lly friendly fertilizer solutions for their a gricultura l processes. Besides tha t, BRI Ba nk must support a ll suggestions to ma ximize the function of the EDC ma chine to perform a ll ba nking tra nsa ctions and improve its provider.
Ba sed on some of the suggestions from the community a bove, the Ba nyumas Regency Government, through the Ba nyuma s Regency Agriculture a nd Food Security Service, ca rried out severa l stra tegies to optimize this progra m. These stra tegies include:
a ) Require a ll fa rmers in Ba nyumas Regency to use the Ka rtu Ta ni in tra nsa ctions to purcha se subsidized fertilizers.
b) There is no tolera nce for a ny fa rmer who buys subsidized fertilizer without using a Ka rtu Ta ni.
c) Provide strict sa nctions for viola tors of the Ka rtu Ta ni progra m policy.
d) Provide severa l a lterna tives in the mecha nism for implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m. These a lterna tives include:
• Cultiva tors ca n register for a Ka rtu Ta ni by submitting a certifica te of cultiva tion a nd obta ining permission
from the a gricultura l la nd elector, provided the unreported fa rmla nd.
• To a nticipa te the loss of Ka rtu Ta ni for elderly fa rmers, Ka rtu Ta ni ca n be entrusted to fa rmer groups with a note tha t there is a n officia l report on fertilizer collectively.
• Fa rmers who do not ha ve a sa vings ba la nce in their Ka rtu Ta ni a ccount can still ca rry out tra nsa ctions to purchase subsidized fertilizers using ca sh. The trick is to provide BRILink in every KPL.
• Fa rmers who ha ve excess fertilize r quota s (ha ve a rema ining percenta ge from their la nd) give other fa rmers who la ck subsidized fertilizers, provided tha t there is a n a greement between both pa rties a nd it is not misused.
• Fa rmers who la ck ca pita l for fa rming ca n a pply for KUR (People's Business Credit) to BRI Ba nk, provided the fa rmer ha s registered a nd ha s a Ka rtu Ta ni.
• The printed Ka rtu Ta ni is collectively ba sed on registra tion ba tches distributed through the respective sub- district PPL officers ba sed on The policies mecha nism of ea ch PPL. That wa y, fa rmers do not need to come to BRI Ba nk.
e) The Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency seeks to ma ximize the use of Fa rmer Ca rds by a ccelera ting the distribution a nd use of Ka rtu Ta ni with the a ssista nce of PPL officers in ea ch sub-district.
f) Provide socia liza tion, counseling, a ssista nce, a nd supervision during the implementa tion of the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m.
g) Be a lert a nd responsive to compla ints and problems in implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m.
h) Improve coordina tion between the implementing pa rties of the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m with the esta blishment of the KPPP (Fertilizer a nd Pesticide Supervision Commission), in which a ll component implementers, the police, a nd the prosecutor's office oversee this progra m.
i) Forming Millenia l fa rmer groups to ca mpa ign for the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m and provide educa tion on fa rm Millenia ls.
20 j) Provide educa tion to a ll fa rmers to sta rt
switching to using orga nic fertilizers.
IV. C ONCLUSION
Ba nyumas Regency ha s implemented the Ka rtu Ta ni since 2017 but ha s not yet fully pa id for subsidized fertilizers. There is still tolera nce from the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency for fa rmers who do not ha ve a Ka rtu Ta ni to be a ble to buy subsidized fertilizer without a Ka rtu Ta ni. However, a s of September 1, 2020, Ba nyumas Regency ha s required using the Ka rtu Ta ni for tra nsa ctions to purcha se subsidized fertilizers. It has been implemented until 100 percent. So fa rmers who do not ha ve a Ka rtu Ta ni ca nnot buy subsidized fertilizers. Implementing the Ka rtu Ta ni Progra m in Ba nyumas Regency is under the existing mecha nism.
However, there a re still some obsta cles in the implementa tion, both in terms of systems, fa rmers, KPLs, a nd distributors, a s well a s third pa rties, na mely BRI Ba nk.
Ma ny compla ints rega rding the Ka rtu Ta ni entered into the Ba nyumas Regency compla int hotline, but most of these compla ints ca n be resolved. To optimize this progra m, the Depa rtment of Agriculture a nd Food Security of Ba nyumas Regency seeks to ma ximize the use of Ka rtu Ta ni by distributing and using Ka rtu Ta ni with the help of PPL officers in each sub-district. However, its implementa tion in Ba nyumas Regency is still focused on using 100 percent of the Ka rtu Ta ni a nd a ccelera ting fertilizer a bsorption.
Hopefully, The Ka rtu Ta ni in Ba nyumas Regency will a lso be used to sell a gricultura l products.
V. A CKNOWLEDGEMENT
The a uthor is very gra teful to the pa rties who ha ve helped complete this a rticle's writing, sta rting from the resea rch until this a rticle's publica tion in the Journa l of Government Policy.
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