Khoirul Fatimah Putri Eka Pertiwi 11610009 ... - SGU Repository

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IMPERFECT (2019) MOVIE’S INFLUENCE ON TANGERANG YOUNG ADULT MALE AND FEMALE’S BODY IMAGE

By

Khoirul Fatimah Putri Eka Pertiwi 11610009

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in

COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS [FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATIONS]

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower

Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia

July 2020

Revision after Thesis Defense on 14 July 2020

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STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.

Khoirul Fatimah Putri Eka Pertiwi

______________________________________________

Student

28 July 2020 Date

Approved by:

Sharon Schumacher, M.A.

_____________________________________________

Thesis Advisor

28 July 2020 Date

Dr. Nila K. Hidayat, S.E., M.M.

__________________________________________

Dean

28 July 2020 Date

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ABSTRACT

IMPERFECT (2019) MOVIE’S INFLUENCE ON TANGERANG YOUNG ADULT MALE AND FEMALE’S BODY IMAGE

By

Khoirul Fatimah Putri Eka Pertiwi Sharon Schumacher, M.A., Advisor

SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY

A pre-experimental design was done on 132 Tangerang Young Adults to see their Body Image Score that was affected after being treated by exposing a 5 minutes-movie-clip of Imperfect (2019) movie. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the Pre-Exposure and Post-Exposure score of young adults’ Body Image (RQ1). An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare the Post-Exposure Body Image score between Females and Males (RQ1a). Last, a Pearson correlation test was conducted to look at the correlation between the change in Body Image score after watching Imperfect (2019) movie to each dimension of Body Image. Results shown that there was a significant difference in number of young adults Body Image for Pre-Exposure (M = 3.6967, SD = .48555) and Post-Exposure (M = 3.8055, SD = .37448; t(131) = -4.033, p = .000. These results suggest that the score of young adults’ Body Image increases after they watch the Imperfect (2019) movie. H1a: μ after

> μ before is accepted. Results also showed that Females have a lower score of Body Image than Males, after they watch the Imperfect (2019) movie. Last, the level of dimension ‘Body Image-Evaluation’ on Tangerang young adults is indeed the most affected by Imperfect (2019) movie.

Keywords: Movie Influence, #Imperfect (2019) movie, Young adults’ Body Image, Female & Male’s Body Image.

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DEDICATION

I dedicate this work for me in the future, to remind me that compiling these pages is not easy, it is through blood and tears. Then, for only and foremost, ALLAH S.W.T.,

my God Almighty who makes me strong, without His blessings, I would not be able to finish this work. For my beloved parents, beloved sisters, my beautiful cat ‘Snowy’

and loyal friends, thank you for the support. For all coffees, sugars, WiFi and music that has become my moodbooster, thank you for always there for me. For my beloved warriors a.k.a CommPR Batch 2016, Wulan, Jordan, Surya, Rika plus Nadea, Jenni &

Joce who share their panic monsters with me, thank you guys!

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I wish to thank ALLAH SWT for the life that He has given to me, so that I completed this thesis. Second, I would like to say thank you to my beloved parents, who supported and encouraged me countlessly. Without their support, it will not be possible for me to accomplish this work.

This thesis is the result of cooperation from various parties. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of communication and public relations batch 2016, for their support, their panic monsters and good humor. Their gentle but firm direction has been most appreciated. Mrs. Sharon was particularly helpful in guiding me toward the whole process of this research, where I took her valuable times a lot, so no words could describe my big gratitude to have her as my advisor. Her guidance is like a shining path for my work. I would like to thank Mrs. Sharon again for the hugs that she gave me, it means a lot. Thanks to Mrs. Nona, my beloved librarian, who let me sleep inside the library and gave me free Fast-food vouchers. Her smile brings me spirit to pass this work. Thanks to Rasyid’s family who let me sleep over in her house for days and also special thanks for the ‘Tahu’-treat. Finally, I would like to say thank you to the Online Delivery Driver, who served my meals in time.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR 2

ABSTRACT 3

DEDICATION 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS 7

LIST OF FIGURES 10

LIST OF TABLES 11

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 13

1.1 Background 13

1.2 Research Problems 16

1.3 Research Questions 17

1.4 Research Objectives 17

1.5 Significance of Study 18

1.6 Scope of Limitation 18

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW 19

2.1 Mass Media Communication 19

2.1.1 The Functions of Mass Media Communication 20

2.2 Movie as Entertainment Mass Media 21

2.2.1 Element of Movies 22

2.2.2 The Effect of Movies 22

2.3 Body Image 23

2.3.1 Factors of Body Image 24

2.3.2 The Concept of Body Image 27

2.3.3 Dimension of Body Image 29

2.3.4 Body Image in Indonesia 30

2.4 Movie Influences Body Image 32

2.5 Hypodermic Needle Theory (HNT) 33

2.6 Previous Study 35

2.7 Conceptual Framework 37

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CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 40

3.1 Type of Study 40

3.2 Research Framework 41

3.3 Variable Operationalization 42

3.3.1 Independent Variable: Exposure to Imperfect (2019) Movies 42 3.3.2 Dependent Variable 1: Young Adults’ Post-Exposure Body Image 44 3.3.3 Dependent Variable 2: Change in Young Adults’ Body Image 44

3.4 Unit Analysis 45

3.5 Population & Sampling 45

3.5.1 Population 45

3.5.2 Sampling Method 46

3.5.3 Minimum Sample Size 46

3.6 Data Collection Technique 47

3.6.1 Research Instrument 48

3.6.2 Questionnaire Design 51

3.7 Data Analysis Technique 52

3.7.1 Procedure 52

3.7.2 Validity & Reliability Pre-Test 53

3.7.3 Normality Pre-Test 56

3.7.4 Data Analysis Method 57

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 59

4.1 Validity and Reliability Test 59

4.2 Normality Test 61

4.3 Respondent Profiles and Descriptive Statistics 62 4.4 Statistical Analysis & Interpretation of Result 64 4.4.1 Hypothesis Testing: Research Question 1 64 4.4.2 Hypothesis Testing: Research Question 1a 68 4.4.3 Hypothesis Testing: Research Question 2 70

4.5 Discussion 73

4.5.1 The Young adults Body Image Before and After Exposure 73

4.5.2 Female and Male’s Body Image 74

4.5.3 The Three Dimensions of Post-Exposure Body Image 75

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 77

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5.2 Recommendations 78

REFERENCES 79

APPENDICES 82

Appendix 1 - Questionnaire 82

Appendix 2 - Validity and Reliability Pre-Test 85

Appendix 3 - Validity and Reliability Test 87

Appendix 4 - Curriculum Vitae 89

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page

Figure 1: Multi-countries happiness towards their body weight & body image 31

Figure 2: Hypodermic Needle Theory Model 34

Figure 3: Conceptual Framework diagram showing the relationship between 37 variables, dimension details and research questions.

Figure 4: Research Framework diagram showing the relation between IV and 41 DV(s) observed.

Figure 5: Boxplot Comparison of Pre-Exposure Body Image and Post-Exposure 65 Body Image.

Figure 6: Boxplot Comparison of Changes in Body Image of Females and Males 68

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 1: Previous Study 35

Table 2: Hypotheses details 39

Table 3: Item numbers for each MBSRQ Subscale (*Reverse-Scored) 49

Table 4: Questionnaire Design 51

Table 5: Stimulus Material “Imperfect (2019) Movie Clip” details 52 Table 6: Validity Pte-Test [KMO and Barlett’s Test] 54 Table 7: Reliability Pre-Test Cronbach’s alpha values 55

Table 8: Normality Pre-Test 57

Table 9: Data Analysis Method 58

Table 10: KMO and Barlett’s Test in comparison to pretest results 59 Table 11: Cronbach’s alpha values in comparison to pre-test results 60

Table 12: Normality Test of Shapiro-Wilk Test 62

Table 13: Respondents’ Genders 62

Table 14: Respondents’ Ages 63

Table 15: Body Mass Index Classification 63

Table 16: Respondents’ BMI Score 64

Table 17: Descriptive Statistics of Young adults for Paired t-test RQ1 65

Table 18: Paired t-test results of Hypothesis 1 66

Table 19: Summary of Paired t-test results RQ1 67

Table 20: Group Statistic of Female and Male Post-Exposure 69

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Table 22: Summary of Independent Sample t-test results RQ1a 70 Table 23: Descriptive Statistic of each Dimension of Body Image Post-Exposure 71 Table 24: Pearson’s Correlation Test of Hypothesis 2 71