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Arif Rahman Saleh, ST., MT Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Micro-Grid Oil Palm Plantation Waste Gasification Power Plant in Indonesia: Techno-Economic and
Socio-Environmental Analysis
Introduction
To encourage the acceleration of the use of renewable energy in Indonesia, the government has introduced several policies. One of the most important biomass potential in Indonesia is from solid waste from oil palm plantations. The situation is ironic, since these five provinces produce much of the oil palm plantation waste.
Economic and environmental impact analyzes of a gasification power plant with a capacity of 11 MW were carried out by Cardoso [23] and the results of the study reported that NPV was affected by income from electricity sales. Sobamowo [26]carried out a techno-economic analysis of a gasification power plant using downdraft gasification technology with a capacity of 60 MW; the results of the study reported that the distance between the power plant and the source of raw materials affected the cost of raw materials. The results of the study reported that the price of gaseous fuel (ie natural gas) dramatically affects the economics of the power plant project.
Furthermore, the final analysis that was carried out was an analysis of the social and environmental impacts from the gasification power plant.
Materials and Methods
The results of the study reported that the cost of fuel dramatically affects the cost of electricity (COE), and the economic results can be increased through technical development to reduce operating costs. The results of the study stated that the price of raw materials dramatically affects the financial result, but if it cannot be reduced, the efficiency of the gasification system must be increased. In this study, the technical analysis performed to calculate the capacity of the gasification system is based on the type of solid fuel and internal combustion engine.
The test was carried out at the Energy Institute's Laboratory at the Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember. Calorific value analysis was performed using a bomb calorimeter (AC-350 Bomb Calorimeter) according to ASTM D4809-18 for gross calorific value analysis. Based on the manufacturer's specification data from the equipment used, the instrument uncertainty in the moderate concentration range was 0.3 w.%.
For each year of the gasification plant's estimated lifetime of 20 years, a technical-economic analysis has been carried out.
Result
The investment costs have been calculated based on an investment analysis for power stations of the same size as the reference in this study. The solid fuel cost component consists of the costs of collecting, cutting, and transporting the solid fuel source to the power plant location. Based on the calculated parameters of the diesel engine and gasifier, the electrical energy output was calculated and the results obtained are shown in Table 9.
The financial assumptions used in this study included the operating lifetime of the plant and the interest rate shown in Table 11. A sensitivity analysis was performed looking at the effect of percentage increases in construction costs, the price of biomass fuel, and the price of fuel diesel on the economic value of the project. The sensitivity analysis of the investment costs for producing each kWh of electricity was also modified to determine the investment costs that could produce a higher internal rate of return than the interest rate.
However, the value of the interest rate was a fluctuating value based on the economic conditions of the Indonesian country. Looking at the comparison of investment costs in Table 13, ranging from $950 to $1100/kW, it was still profitable because the IRR was above the interest rate. The feed-in price simulation results were under the base case of $0.12/kWh, the IRR was under the interest rate base case.
The risk analysis of the power plant project was carried out using Crystal Ball® software. The choice of the probability distribution model in the Monte Carlo analysis was essential because it affects the accuracy of the simulation results [44,47]. The NPV is estimated to have increased by 49.94% over the baseline scenario during the operational period of the power plant, which means that the power plant project can bring benefits to investors.
Based on the results of the risk analysis, the probability of investment risk was relatively small because the NPV was always positive and the IRR had the higher base case rate. The investment component that could be reduced was the capital cost of the gasification system.
Conclusions
The community around the power plant area was oriented to get additional income besides agricultural products. If this gasification power plant were to be built in a coastal area that has biomass potential, the community was also facilitated by making wells to have enough water and setting up a place to sell fish. The construction of power plants involves the use of land or space within or above the earth's surface, the use of water resources, and the most influential environment was the presence of air and water pollution.
Building a power plant using green land will destroy the vegetation and also affect the wildlife that exists in the environment. With the removal of wastewater, the temperature of the waste will be higher than the average temperature and the most dangerous impact is the pollutants contained in the water, which can cause environmental damage. The economic analysis showed that the power plant will have an NPV of USD 48,846 with an IRR of 9.72%.
In terms of social aspects, it was believed that the existence of power stations in rural areas would increase people's income and create many new businesses. However, negative environmental impacts should not be ignored from the construction phase to the operation of the power plant. Techno-economic analysis of a biomass gasification plant dealing with forestry residue mixtures for electricity production in Portugal.
Techno-economic analysis of biomass energy utilization through gasification technology for sustainable energy production and economic development in Nigeria. Techno-economic analysis of the production of syngas and electricity in the FOAK industrial gasification plant, fueled by biomass and agro-industrial residues, in the proceedings of the 9th International Freiberg Conference. SpA, “9th International Freiberg Conference 2018 9th International Freiberg Conference Techno-economic analysis of syngas and electricity production in FOAK industrial gasification plant fueled by biomass and agro-industrial residues”, 2018.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Gasification for Electricity Generation: A Case Study of Kampala City, Uganda. A techno-economic feasibility analysis of the gasification of used tires for power generation in Turkey.
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Arif Rahman Saleh, ST., MT Program Studi Teknik Mesin Program Studi Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik.
Micro-Grid Oil Palm Plantation Waste Gasification Power Plant in Indonesia: Techno-Economic and
One of the most important biomass opportunities in Indonesia comes from solid waste from oil palm plantations. Based on the results of the published techno-economic analyses, several variables influence the financial results of a gasification plant and differ by region, the type of raw material used and the planned generation capacity. Furthermore, the final analysis was an analysis of the social and environmental impacts of the gasification plant.
The results of the pilot-scale experiment were used as a reference for modeling the performance of micro-scale gasification plants. Based on the specification data of the manufacturer of the equipment used, the uncertainty of the instrument was in the moderate concentration range of 0.3 wt%. A techno-economic analysis was carried out for each year of the estimated 20-year lifespan of the gasification system.
The power plant was ideally located close to the location of the plantation so that the cost of transporting the raw materials could be reduced [23]. Cooperation between the power plant manager and the company was necessary to ensure the availability of raw materials and the sustainability of the power plant in the future. The cost component of the solid fuel is the cost of collection, cutting and transportation from the source of the solid fuel to the location of the power plant.
Environmental impact analysis is crucial so that impacts can be minimized. Based on the manufacturer's specification data of the equipment used, the uncertainty of the instrument was in the moderate concentration range of 0.3 wt. %.