Klinik Tanaman:
A Review
Tanaman yang Sehat:
Diperlukan untuk hidup dan kehidupan
Menjalankan Klinik Tanaman
Lokasi:
Pusat Komunitas
Pasar Lokal
Toko Pertanian
Siapa saja yang bisa menjadi Dokter Tanaman?
Bagaimana Cara Kerja Klinik Tanaman?
Pengiriman Sampel Tanaman Terinfeksi
Panduan Umum
Bahan tanaman segar
Seleksi tanaman+ daun yang sehat
Jangan tanaman
yang terlalu tua • Bahan tanaman segar
• Gejala awal
• > 1 tanaman
• Sampel tanaman sehat sebagai perbandingan
Gejala Awal
Afcrican Nightshade – suspected virus
Early symptoms
?
x x
x
? x
x
?
good ? OK X too old
Sample >1 plant
Eggplant – phytoplasma, little leaf disease
Mengambil sampel tanaman minimal 5 tanaman
Selecting material 1
Examine thoroughly
before deciding what to send
?
trunk
green leaves
rootsX
dead leaves
branchesSelecting material 2
Look at the base of branches, where the problem may originate
Selecting material 3
POSSIBILITIES
General symptoms like this could suggest a root problem
Look inside stems!
Bacterial wilt of Eucalyptus
Selecting material 3
All of plant wilted (rapidly):
suggests systemic problem Examine roots
Selecting material 4
Selecting material 5
Rootknot nematode on okra
Reduced growth
No clear leaf or stem symptoms Examine roots
Selecting material 6
Suspected virus or phytoplasma – send selection of leaves
Distortion of leaves, stunted
Size of samples
not enough
too much
about right
Collecting material
Use the right tools
Remember to take a spade to dig up roots
1. Dry material. Keep leaves separate
2. Name the host
plant. Give the sample a code. Describe the history of the problem.
Include field observations 3. Write information on the
envelope
Getting ready to send
Detektif Tanaman
Biotic causes
GROUPS Fungi
Water moulds Bacteria Nematodes Viruses
Insects
Mites
Phytoplasmas Weeds Parasitic plants
Birds, mammals …
fungus
virus
phytoplasma
snail
bacterium
aphids
weeds
bird
nematode
scales
parasitic plant
rats
Abiotic causes
CATEGORIES Chemicals,
including herbicides Mechanical damage
Soil fertility, structure Drought, flooding
Climate (frost, heatwave)
Wind
Hail stones
fire
drough t
physical damage
nutrient deficiency
Menyesuaikan gejala Penyakit dengan Penyebabnya
Fungus Bacterium Virus Nematode Phytoplasma INSECTS/MITES
Wilt
Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Leaf spots
Yes Yes (Y) (Y) No Yes
Extra
growth
Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Distortion
Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Canker
Yes Yes No No No No
Mosaic
(Y) No Yes No Yes Yes
Yellowing
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Rangkuman Gejala akibat Biotik
(Y) uncommon)
Rangkuman Gejala PenyakitAkibatAbiotik
Frost Drought High temps.
Chemical damage
Nutrient deficiency
Wilt
Y Y Y Y N
Leaf spots
N N Y Y Y
Distortion
Y Y Y Y Y
Canker
Y Y N (Y) N
Mosaic
N N N Y Y
YELLOWING
Y Y Y Y Y
potato:FROST
tomato:
DROUGHT
Wilting: abiotic
causes
cabbage:WATER STRESS
Wilting: abiotic causes
Chilli waterlogging:‘WILT’
jatropha:CHEMICAL DAMAGE
LACK OF NUTRIENTS
Leaf spots: abiotic
causes
bean:NUTRIENT-RELATED
sweet peppers:SUN-SCALD
Leaf spots: abiotic
causes
nettles:HERBICIDE DAMAGE
Distortion: abiotic causes
tomato:PHOSPHOROUS DEFICIENCY
Eucalyptus physiological
gummosis: ‘CANKER’
Laurel :drought+canker
Plumnutrient deficiency: ‘MOSAIC’
oak:
‘MOSAIC’
Rapeseedfrost damage:
YELLOWING
What it’s not 1
BIOTIC
clear border
between healthy and diseased area
NOT
insect >no holes or other evidence
NOT
nematode,virus or phyto- plasma >
don’t cause this type of symptom
NOT
mammal >no feeding damage
?
bacterium >unlikely – expect gall or wilt
Eliminate the negative
?
fungus >possible – known to produce
necrosis and cankers
What it’s not 2
NOT
insect > no
feeding damage nematode > no wilt
fungus > no
necrotic spots, or fungal structures bacterium >
no spots, galls, rotting
mammal >
no feeding damage
UNLIKELY virus or
phytoplasma >
uniform yellowing between the veinsPOSSIBLE
Low soil fertility>
veins remain green
Eliminate the negative
photo Rob Reeder
ABC 1
Abiotic Biotic Confused
Tomato
ABC 2
Abiotic Biotic Confused
Spinach
ABC 3
Abiotic Biotic Confused
Coffee
ABC 4
Abiotic Biotic Confuse d
Onion
Pengalaman Kunjungan Ke Klinik Tanaman
Pennsylvania State University, USA (2016)
Forest Research, Farnham, UK (2019)
