The materials in this book are taken from the website, foreign textbooks, the Constitution of Indonesia (UUD 1945), Encyclopedia, Indonesian textbooks, others, and are intended to give some law students a solid foundation in reading the texts legal in English. This book provides an overview of English law reading materials and a brief guide to correct English usage, which are expected to be useful to both law students and non-law students. Moreover, this book consists of Six Chapters, namely: Chapter PAR for Introduction dealing with legal history; Chapter Two deals with What is the law; (change the law systems);.
Chapter THREE covers the history and legal system of Indonesian law and describes a number of legal sources applied in Indonesia; Chapter FOUR is about contract law; Chapter FIVE is about the Sample Contract and the last; Chapter SIX is about LawTerm – Glossary of legal terms and meaning. Furthermore, this book consists of six chapters, namely: Chapter ONE on Introduction to legal history; Chapter TWO is about what the law is; (vary legal systems);.
Chapter THREE deals with the History and Legal System of Indonesian Law, describes some of the legal sources applied in Indonesia;. Last but not least, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to those and especially my wife Erlida Hanum, S.H., and children: Nur Aisyah Thalib, Iqbal Salim Thalib and Farhan Thalib, who gave me moral support and encouragement for the publication of this book. .
Overview 1-2
- Ancient World 3
- Sothern Asia 4
- Eastern Asia 5
- Islamic Law 6
- European Laws 8
- Roman Empire 8
- Middle Ages 9
- Modern European Law 12
Ancient Athens, a small Greek city-state, was the first society based on the broad inclusion of citizens, except for women and the slave class. Similarly, traditional Chinese law gave way to Westernization towards the final years of the Ch'ing. One of the main legal systems developed in the Middle Ages was Islamic law and jurisprudence.
Hawalaitsam later influenced the development of French Avalin civil law and Italian Avalloin law.14. For example, according to Lewis, Islam "from the first renounced aristocratic privileges, rejected hierarchy, and adopted the formula of a career open to talent."17 5. 19 As a legal system, Roman law influenced the development of law in most countries. western civilization as well as in parts of the eastern world.
During the 6th century AD, Emperor Justinian in the Eastern Roman Empire codified and consolidated the laws that existed in Rome, leaving one-twentieth of the mass of legal texts from before.22 This became known as the Corpus Juris Civilis. The legal system of the United States developed primarily from the English common law system (with the exception of the state of Louisiana, which continued to follow the French civil system after being admitted to the state).
Legal Term 15
Noun 16
Custom or behavior governed by the power of the local king was replaced by laws almost as soon as man learned to write. This is known as the Justinian Code, upon which most of the legal systems of most European nations are based to this day. The American colonies followed English Common Law with minor variations, and the four-volume Commentaries on the Laws of England by Sir William Blackstone (completed in 1769) was the legal "bible" for all American frontier lawyers and influenced the development of state codes of law .
4 : recognized or made effective by a court of law as distinguished from a court of equity 5 : of, relating to or having the characteristics of the legal profession or of one of them. Laws inform everyday life and society in a wide variety of ways, reflected by numerous branches of law. States, counties, municipalities, school boards, water districts and other local government entities are governed by separate legal systems that define which systems are subordinate to which, so their provisions conflict.
Scholars examine the nature of law through many perspectives, including legal history or philosophy, and social sciences, such as criminology, economics, and sociology. 34;In his majestic equality," said the writer Anatole France, the law forbids rich and poor to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets and steal bread."36 But as the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote in 350 BC has, the rule of law is better than the rule of any individual.37 The most important institutions for the law are the judiciary, the legislature, executive government, its bureaucracy, the army and police, the legal profession and civil society.
Legal Subject 22
International Law 23
Criminal Law 28
Contract 31
Tort 34
Property 36
Trust And Equity 37
Vocabulary 39
Reading Comprehensive 40
THE HISTORY AND LEGAL SYSTEM
History And Origin 41
Legal System 42
- Written Law 42
- Unwritten Law 64
Islamic Law 107
Vocabulary 113
- Reading Comprehensive 114
CONTRACT LAW 115
Introduction 115
Where Is Contract Law Used Today 125
Contract Law Cases – Examples 130
Conclusion 139
Vocabulary 141
Reading Comprehensive 141
SAMPLE OF CONTRACTS 142
Introduction 142
- Explaining The Bargaining 144
- Contracting To Innovate 150
- Types Of Contract 152
- Conclusion 182
This involves setting out the contract in a structured manner that focuses on the essential elements of the bargain. If the contract is well drafted, neither the relevant institutions nor judges will misunderstand the responsibilities of the parties involved. The collaborative research and sponsorship agreements are the more complicated and incorporate most of the basic terms of the research contract.
In general, however, research contracts are more complex and the license forms only one part of a broader research contract. This includes rights of publication, confidential information, complex licensing issues, payment and rights to the results of research conducted. This can be achieved by one of the parties retaining the right to provide licenses to others who intend to perform such work.
The research contract will not normally include a license back from the researcher to the original technology owner for inventions made in the course of the research. To the extent that the total royalty burden exceeds this amount, the researcher will pay the technology owner a proportionate amount of the total royalty burden. The agreement should thus clarify whether other participants in the research project are entitled to use the confidential information that another party has brought to the project at the end of the research.
To ensure that confidential information can be licensed to others, it is also important that the agreement determines which of the parties is entitled to make decisions about the licensing of the information. In the absence of such a provision, it would be difficult to transfer confidential information developed by the research program to eventual licensees of the technology. Participants in a research project are likely to bring with them not only confidential information, but patented technology for use in the course of the research.
The parties must ensure that the scope of the license is broad enough to accommodate changes in research direction. Second, any exclusive license must ensure that further development and use of the technology is not blocked. The purpose of the contract drafter is to capture the main components and lay them out in order of importance to the overall between the parties.
Contract Sample 183
LAW TERM- GLOSARY OF LEGAL
Law Term 193
Law Terms and Meanings - Glossary of Legal Terms and Definitions 194
Bench: A term used to refer to a judge's seat in a courtroom or the judge himself. The crime is not the disclosure of information, but the demand for money or the threat to withhold it. Change of Venue: A legal term used to indicate a change in the place of trial.
The bank must pay the specified amount to the bearer of the instrument (cheque/cheque) or the person named therein. Death: Death is defined as the cessation of the heartbeat and the act of breathing. Demurrage: This is the agreed compensation to be paid for the delay of the ship in loading or unloading.
Lien: It is an encumbrance (claim, encumbrance, or obligation) attached to land or an interest in land by the owner of the land. Face Amount: The original amount stated on the face of the insurance policy as stated in. Himalaya Clause: A provision included in the contract to protect the third party who is not a party to the contract.
It has the power to repeal the law if it conflicts with the principles of the Constitution. Lien: A right in property granted by the owner to another person as security for the performance of an obligation on the part of the former to the latter. This may involve a voluntary suspension of debt collection by banks or by the government or by court order.
Mortgage: Pledge of real estate as security for the repayment of a debt involving that real estate is called a mortgage. In a more technical sense, an obligation is to do something that is in accordance with the laws and customs of the country in which the obligation is accepted. The rescission request does not guarantee that the title of the grantor (the person granting the right) is clear.
Such contracts are entered into solely for the benefit of the management and not the workers. This occurs when the person responsible is responsible for the actions of the person performing the action.
