LGT200199Table e1(corrected)

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TABLE e1 HISPANIC POPULATIONS

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AUTHOR (YEAR) STUDY TYPE ETHNIC GROUP BELIEF PERCEIVED BARRIERS

Administrative ProcessKoval AE (2006) IS/FG Mexican, CA, SA Delay in test results

Community/FamilyBehbakht K (2004) IS Hispanic Lack of family support

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Spousal disapproval

Jennings KM (1997) FG Hispanic

DistrustGoldman RE (2004) II DR, PR Doubts about reliability of Pap smear

FearHarlan LC (1991) SDA Hispanic Fear

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Fear of diagnosis

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic

Chavez LR (1997) TS/II Mexican, Salvadoran

Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban

Goldman RE (2004) II DR, PR

Perez-Stable EJ (1992) IS Hispanic

Scarinci IC (2003) IS/FG Mexican

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Fear of pain/discomfort

Fernandez-Esquer ME (2004) IS Mexican, CA

Koval AE (2006) IS/FG Mexican, CA, SA

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Fear of being thought sexually immoral

Berk ML (2000) IS Mexican, CA, SA Fear of not being treated b/c of immigration status

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Fear of deportation

Hubbell FA (1996) TS Mexican, CA Fear of telling husband

Morgan C (1995) IS PR, DR, CA, SA Fear of surgery causing cancer to spread

Shankar S (1999) IS Salvadoran

Jennings KM (1997) FG Hispanic Fear of cold/unclean speculum

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Fear of losing virginity by exam

Gender-based Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Concerns about having a male physician

Patient-Physician EncounterGoldman RE (2004) II DR, PR Lack of familiarity with physician

Fernandez-Esquer ME (2003) IS Mexican Lack of physician recommendation

Morgan C (1995) IS PR, DR, CA, SA

Skaer TL (1996) IS Mexican

Patient-Physician EncounterJennings KM (1997) FG Hispanic Physician's discouragement

Harlan LC (1991) SDA Hispanic

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Embarrassment

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Physician does not spend enough time

OtherBuller D (1998) IS Mexican Anxiety/stress

Lobell M (1998) IS Mexican

Harlan LC (1991) SDA Hispanic Procrastination

Behbakht K (2004) IS Hispanic Fatalism

Harmon MP (1996) IS Hispanic

Hubbell FA (1996) TS Mexican, CA

Ramirez AG (2000) TS Mexican, CA, Cuban, PR

Shankar S (1999) IS Salvadoran

Suarez L (1997) IS Mexican

Tortolero-Luna G (1995) TS Mexican

PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY

Lack of KnowledgeBuller D (1998) IS Mexican Lack of knowledge

Behbakht K (2004) IS Hispanic Little knowledge of/appreciation for screening

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Lindau ST (2002) II/IS Hispanic Little knowledge of/appreciation for screening

Harlan LC (1991) SDA Hispanic Mixed messages about necessity and frequency

MisconceptionsHubbell FA (1996) TS Mexican, CA Pap smear is unnecessary unless ill

McMullin JM (2005) II Mexican, CA

Cervical cancer is caused by:

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Poor hygiene

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran

Martinez RG (1997) II Mexican, Salvadoran

McMullin JM (2005) II Mexican

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran Stress to the body

Chavez LR (1997) TS/II Mexican, Salvadoran -abortion Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban -rough sex

Hubbell FA (1996) TS Mexican, CA -being hit in the vaginal area Martinez RG (1997) II Mexican, Salvadoran -having many children

Shankar S (1999) IS Salvadoran Birth control pills

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran Sex/improper diet/lack of care after giving birth

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran Sex/improper diet during menses

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran Failure to see physician

Chavez LR (1995) II Mexican, Salvadoran Improper/careless sexual behavior

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Vaginal infections

Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban It is unlikely that one will get cervical cancer

Fernandez-Esquer ME (2003) IS Mexican After a few Pap smears, no need for more Fernandez-Esquer ME (2003) IS Mexican Only women in child-bearing years get Pap smears

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Only women with babies need Pap smear

OtherByrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Knowlede of young women's risk of cervical cancer

CUES TO ACTION

Awareness of necessityJennings KM (1997) FG Hispanic Fear of cancer

Jennings-Dozier KM (1999) IS Hispanic Favorable attitude toward screening Family/peer supportHansen LK (2005) CI Hispanic Use of promotoras (lay health workers) from

Sherril W (2005) CI Mexican the community

Byrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Support network of friends/family

Suarez L (2000) TS Mexican, CA, Cuban, PR

Burnett CB (1995) IS Hispanic Spousal support

Suarez L (2000) TS Mexican, CA, Cuban, PR Church attendance

HCP/Health System InfluenceFernandez-Esquer ME (2003) IS Mexican Physician recommendation Fernandez-Esquer ME (2004) IS Mexican, CA

Jennings KM (1997) FG Hispanic Female physician

Burnett CB (1995) IS Hispanic Respect from care provider

Goldman RE (2004) II DR, PR Establish confidence in/comfort with physician

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Scarinici IC (2003) IS/FG Mexican Establish confidence in/comfort with physician

OtherByrd TL (2007) FG Hispanic Education about the exam in the community

PERCEIVED BENEFITS

Early detectionByrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Pap smears detect cervical cancer early

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Cervical cancer curable if found early

ReassuranceByrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Confidence that one does not have cancer

PERCEIVED SEVERITY

OtherByrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic There are effective treatments for cervical cancer

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Having cervical cancer would make life difficult

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Cervical cancer is not as serious as other types

Byrd TL (2004) IS Hispanic Cervical cancer is easily cured

SELF-EFFICACY

Buller D (1998) IS Hispanic Lack of confidence about understanding

physician's explanations Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban Could ask questions of provider Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban Could understand HCP's explanation Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban Could understand exam

Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban Could explain results to others Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban Could keep doctor's appointments Fernandez ME (1998) II Mexican, CA, SA, PR, Cuban Could follow doctor's recommendations STUDY TYPE KEY

Quantitative IS: In-Person Survey MS: Mail Survey TS:Telephone Survey SDA: Secondary Data Analysis

Qualitative II: Individual Interview FG: Focus Group

Other CI: Community Intervention

ETHNIC GROUPS KEY DR: Dominican Republic PR: Puerto Rican CA: Central American SA: South American