Schrag et al.: Factors associated with neonatal sepsis and death in Soweto, South Africa 28
Supplemental Digital Content 3. Factors associated with culture confirmed early or late onset sepsis
Characteristic Cases, % exposed (n=49a )
Non-cases,
% exposed (n=8080a)
ORb (95% CI)) aORb (95% CI)
Maternal
Age <20 years 22.5 13.7 1.8 (0.9-3.6)
Mode of delivery P=0.04
Vaginal delivery
61.2 76.8 REF
Emergency caesarean due to prior cesarean
2.0 1.9 2.2 (1.2-3.9)
Emergency caesarean for other reasons*
36.7 21.2 1.3 (0.2-9.9)
Duration of labor (h, quartiles)c
<2.9h 12.2 24.7 REF
2.9-5.4h 18.4 24.7 1.5 (0.5-4.2)
5.5-9.4h 28.6 25.6 2.3 (0.9-5.9)
>=9.5h 40.8 25.0 3.3 (1.3-8.2)
Number of vaginal exams (quartiles)
<2 10.2 8.6 REF
2-3 34.7 39.5 0.7 (0.3-2.0)
4 8.2 19.0 0.4 (0.1-1.4)
>4 46.9 32.9 1.2 (0.5-3.2)
First birth 63.3 42.7 2.3(1.3 -4.1) 2.1 (1.2-3.8)
Meconium 30.6 14.7 2.6 (1.4-4.7) 2.7 (1.4-5.0)
Infant
Birthweight
<2500 g 16.7 8.0 2.3 (1.1-4.9) 2.5 (1.2-5.4)
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks’)
8.2 3.8 2.3 (0.8-6.3)
Male 63.3 52.2 1.6 (0.9-2.8)
a All variables had fewer than 15 missing values, except for birthweight which had 49 missings including 1 case
b Univariate: all factors with p< 0.15 are shown; all were entered into multivariable models, only those with p<0.05 in the final model are shown. The final multivariable model is based on 8080
Schrag et al.: Factors associated with neonatal sepsis and death in Soweto, South Africa 29
observations (48 cases). Apgar score was excluded from model because of overlap with endpoint. Only 1 case of intrapartum fever was recorded so the variable could not be analyzed.
c Duration of labor is approximated by time between randomization into the PoPS trial (which for most mothers coincided with onset of true labor) and delivery