PTSD, DEPRESSION, AND REWARD FUNCTION
Supplemental Materials
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Four-Factor PCL-5 model and Three-Factor DASS-21, including factor loadings and model fit statistics
1. Model Fit Indices
(df), p-value Diff. Test RMSEA (90%
CI) CFI SRMR
PCL-5 307.40 (164), < .
001 - .09 (.08 .11) .97 .05
DASS-21 303.43 (186), < .
001 - .08 (.06, .09) .98 .07
2. Four-Factor PCL-5 Model
Indicator Factor Loading
Cluster B - Intrusions
3. Repeated, disturbing, unwanted trauma memories 0.83
4. Repeated, disturbing dreams about trauma 0.85
5. Feeling/acting as if trauma were happening again 0.88
6. Very upset when reminded of trauma 0.85
7. Physical reactions when reminded of trauma 0.87
Cluster C - Avoidance
8. Avoiding memories, feelings, thoughts of trauma 0.96
9. Avoiding external reminders of trauma 0.95
Cluster D – Negative Alterations in Cognition and Mood
10. Trouble remembering important parts of trauma 0.71 11. Strong negative beliefs about self or world 0.88 12. Blaming self or others for trauma or aftermath 0.85 13. Strong negative feelings (e.g., fear, horror, anger) 0.90 14. Loss of interest in previously enjoyed experiences 0.90
15. Feeling distant/cut-off from others 0.89
16. Trouble feeling positive feelings 0.91
Cluster E – Altered Arousal
17. Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, aggression 0.84
18. Risky behavior 0.88
19. “Superalert,” watchful, or on guard 0.76
20. Jumpy or easily startled 0.90
21. Difficulty concentrating 0.90
22. Trouble falling or staying asleep 0.82
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PTSD, DEPRESSION, AND REWARD FUNCTION
3. Three-Factor DASS-21 Model
Indicator Factor Loading
Depression Subscale
3. I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all 0.84 5. I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things 0.81
10. I felt that I had nothing to look forward to 0.96
13. I felt down-hearted and blue 0.89
16. I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything 0.94
17. I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person 0.94
21. I felt that life was meaningless 0.97
Anxiety Subscale
2. I was aware of dryness in my mouth 0.47
4. I experienced breathing difficulty (e.g. excessively rapid breathing,
breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion) 0.77
7. I experienced trembling (e.g., in the hands) 0.71
9. I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a
fool of myself 0.79
15. I felt I was close to panic 0.89
19. I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical
exertion (e.g. sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat) 0.80
20. I felt scared without any good reason 0.95
Stress Subscale
1. I found it hard to wind down 0.57
6. I tended to over-react to situations 0.77
8. I felt I was using a lot of nervous energy 0.78
11. I found myself getting agitated 0.83
12. I found it difficult to relax 0.80
14. I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what
I was doing 0.84
18. I felt that I was rather touchy 0.73
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