Supplemental Digital Content
Online Supplemental Information. The questionnaire information.
Supplemental Table 1. Odds ratios (ORs) for the combined effect of exposure to household air pollution from solid-fuel use (HAP) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and child health outcomes in Indonesia (N = 36,709) adjusting for wealth index instead of maternal education.
Supplemental Table 2. Odds ratios (ORs) for the combined effect of exposure to household air pollution from solid-fuel use (HAP) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and child health outcomes in Indonesia (N = 31,885) after restricting the subjects to only those that cooked inside the house.
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Online Supplemental Information. The questionnaire information.
The DHS questionnaire is available from the following link:
https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/DHSQ6/DHS6_Questionnaires_5Nov2012_DHSQ6.pdf
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Supplemental Table 1. Odds ratios (ORs) for the combined effect of exposure to household air pollution from solid-fuel use (HAP) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and child health outcomes in Indonesia (N = 36,709) adjusting for wealth index instead of maternal education.
Case/N
OR (95%CI) No
exposure (n:7349)
High HAPa (n:3597)
High ETSa (n:14075)
Both HAP and ETSa (n:11688) Low birth weight 949 / 14,468 1 (Ref.) 1.28 (0.94 - 1.74) 1.01 (0.83 - 1.23) 1.55 (1.22 – 1.97) Neonatal death 716 / 36,709 1 (Ref.) 1.57 (1.10 - 2.24) 1.31 (1.01 - 1.71) 1.48 (1.08 - 2.01) Infant death 1,263 / 36,709 1 (Ref.) 1.15 (0.88 - 1.51) 1.13 (0.93 - 1.38) 1.28 (1.02 - 1.61) Acute upper respiratory infection 5,738 / 16,530 1 (Ref.) 1.04 (0.90 - 1.21) 1.05 (0.96 - 1.15) 1.04 (0.92 - 1.17) Acute lower respiratory infection 1,872 / 16,508 1 (Ref.) 1.09 (0.87 - 1.37) 1.10 (0.95 - 1.27) 1.23 (1.03 - 1.46)
a Adjusted for child’s age, child’s sex, mother’s age, residential area, and wealth index.
CI, confidence interval.
Supplemental Table 2. Odds ratios (ORs) for the combined effect of exposure to household air pollution from solid-fuel use (HAP) and
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environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and child health outcomes in Indonesia (N = 31,885) after restricting the subjects to only those that cooked inside the house.
Case/N OR (95%CI)
No exposure
(6,891)
Only HAPa (2,645)
Only ETSa (13,278)
Both HAP and ETSa (9,071)
Low birth weight 814 / 12,723 Ref. 1.16 (0.82 - 1.64) 1.01 (0.83 - 1.25) 1.74 (1.37 -
2.20)
Neonatal death 615 / 31,885 Ref. 1.70 (1.16 - 2.48) 1.33 (1.01 - 1.76) 1.84 (1.36 -
2.49)
Infant death 1,082 / 31,885 Ref. 1.44 (1.08 - 1.92) 1.17 (0.95 - 1.44) 1.74 (1.39 -
2.18) Acute upper respiratory infection 4,994 / 14,386 Ref. 1.04 (0.89 - 1.22) 1.07 (0.97 - 1.17) 1.07 (0.95 -
1.20) Acute lower respiratory infection 1,638/ 14,364 Ref. 1.12 (0.87 - 1.43) 1.15 (0.99 - 1.34) 1.51 (1.27 -
1.79)
a Adjusted for child’s age, child’s sex, mother’s age, mother’s education, and residential area.
CI, confidence interval.
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