SUPPLEMENTAL ONLINE MATERIAL
Table 1A. Complete List of WarmUapp™ questions Sleep time
1) On average, how many hours of sleep do you usually need to be in good shape the following day? Options: digital cursor to indicate exact number of hours for the week and for the weekend
2) At what time do you go to bed? Options: digital cursor to indicate exact time for the week and for the weekend
3) At what time do you turn off the lights? Options: digital cursor to indicate exact time for the week and for the weekend
4) How long does it take for you to fall asleep? Options: digital cursor to indicate exact time for the week and for the weekend
5) Do you wake up during the night? Options: Yes, no
6) How many times do you wake up on an average night? Options: digital cursor to indicate the number of times for the week and for the weekend
7) If you usually wake up, what is the total time you stay awake during an average night?
Options: digital cursor to indicate exact time for the week and for the weekend
8) At what time do wake up in the morning? Options: digital cursor to indicate exact time for the week and for the weekend
9) At what time do you get out of bed? Options: digital cursor to indicate exact time for the week and for the weekend
Sleep quality
1) In general, do you experience difficulty falling asleep at night? Options: Yes, no, I don’t know
2) Do you usually wake up during the night and experience difficulty falling back asleep?
Options: Yes, no, I don’t know
3) In general, do you find your level of sleep to be non-restorative, meaning you are tired in the following day? Options: Yes, no, I don’t know
4) How often do you experience these types of sleep problems? Options: Less than 3 times a week for less than one month, at least three times a week for more than one month, I don’t know
5) Do you think that these sleep difficulties have a negative impact on your day (fatigue, mood, irritability, social or professional relationship)? Options: Yes, no, I don’t know
Sleepiness
1) How likely are you to doze off or fall asleep in the following situations, in contrast to feeling just tired? Options: No chance, slight chance, moderate chance, high chance.
1a) Sitting and reading 1b) Watching TV
1c) Sitting inactive in a public place (e.g. a theatre or a meeting) 1d) Lying down to rest in the afternoon when circumstance permit 1e) As a passenger in a car for an hour without a break
1f) Sitting and talking to someone
1g) Sitting quietly after eating lunch without alcohol
1h) In a car, while stopped for a few minutes in traffic
Table 2A. Sleep status at baseline and follow-up, continuous variables (n=291)
Variables Statistics
Females Males
∆ (%)a
Factor effect p-valuesb
T0 (n = 164) T1 (n = 164) T0 (n = 125) T1 (n = 125) Session Session
*Sex
Session within femalesc
Session within malesc Total Sleep
Duration week (hours)
Mean +/- sd 7.03 +/- 1.04 7.31 +/- 0.98 7.17 +/- 1.00 7.24 +/- 1.00
2.55 0.025 0.189 0.053 0.960
Median (Q1,Q3) 7.17 (6.50, 7.75) 7.33 (6.75, 8.00) 7.17 (6.58, 7.83) 7.33 (6.67, 7.83)
Total Sleep Duration week-end (hours)
Mean +/- sd 8.04 +/- 1.28 8.17 +/- 1.20 7.99 +/- 1.30 8.13 +/- 1.34
1.640 0.200 0.983 0.778 0.823
Median (Q1,Q3) 8.08 (7.33, 8.83) 8.25 (7.58, 9.00) 8.00 (7.33, 8.58) 8.12 (7.42, 9.00) Sleep
Efficiency week (%)
Mean +/- sd 87.74 +/- 10.15 88.00 +/- 10.43 89.37 +/- 8.23 88.05 +/- 8.95
-0.510 0.617 0.330 0.994 0.711
Median (Q1,Q3) 90.57 (83.33, 95.60) 90.85 (83.56, 95.62) 91.67 (84.74, 95.60) 90.31 (83.56, 94.82) Sleep
Efficiency week-end
(%)
Mean +/- sd 87.72 +/- 10.12 86.89 +/- 10.62 88.26 +/- 9.98 87.94 +/- 10.01
-0.730 0.497 0.789 0.902 0.995
Median (Q1,Q3) 89.53 (82.72, 94.78) 88.89 (82.69, 94.55) 91.04 (84.13, 95.35) 89.87 (84.37, 94.44)
Sleep Debt (minutes)
Mean +/- sd 60.43 +/- 66.83 51.72 +/- 56.24 49.28 +/- 70.16 53.71 +/- 67.95
-5.340 0.583 0.222 0.614 0.946
Median (Q1,Q3) 50.00 (20.00, 100.00) 50.00 (15.00, 90.00) 50.00 (0.00, 90.00) 50.00 (0.00, 91.25)
a Relative change in means from T0, pooled genders
Variables Statistics
Females Males
∆ (%)a
Factor effect p-valuesb
T0 (n = 164) T1 (n = 164) T0 (n = 125) T1 (n = 125) Session Session
*Sex
Session within femalesc
Session within malesc
b 3-way ANOVA with Time, Sex, Country and Time*Sex as fixed effects
c Tukey’s post-hoc test for comparing variable means at T0 and T1
Table 3A: Sleep status at baseline and follow-up with Session and Sex effects, categorical variables (n=291)
Categories
Females Males Session
ORa
Session P-valueb
Gender ORa
Gender P-valueb T0 (N = 164) T1 (N = 164) T0 (N = 125) T1 (N = 125)
Total Sleep Duration week
(h)
<5h 9 (5.6%) 3 (1.9%) 2 (1.6%) 1 (0.8%)
≥5h <7h 57 (35.4%) 53 (33.1%) 52 (41.6%) 41 (33.1%) 2.787 0.140 4.804 0.059
≥7h 95 (59.0%) 104 (65.0%) 71 (56.8%) 82 (66.1%) 1.199 0.454 0.910 0.714
Categories Females Males Session ORa
Session P-valueb
Gender ORa
Gender P-valueb T0 (N = 164) T1 (N = 164) T0 (N = 125) T1 (N = 125)
Total Sleep Duration week-
end (h)
<5h 2 (1.2%) 3 (1.9%) 1 (0.8%) 2 (1.6%)
≥5h <7h 26 (16.1%) 14 (8.7%) 25 (20.0%) 17 (13.7%) 0.342 0.272 2.106 0.560
≥7h 133 (82.6%) 143 (89.4%) 99 (79.2%) 105 (84.7%) 2.041 0.046 0.777 0.430
Sleep Efficiency
week (%)
<85% 44 (29.9%) 47 (30.9%) 28 (25.2%) 34 (29.8%)
≥85% <90% 25 (17.0%) 26 (17.1%) 18 (16.2%) 21 (18.4%) 0.977 0.948 1.298 0.517
≥90% 78 (53.1%) 79 (52.0%) 65 (58.6%) 59 (51.7%) 0.975 0.937 1.175 0.653
Sleep Efficiency week-end (%)
<85% 45 (30.6%) 51 (34.2%) 29 (25.9%) 30 (26.3%)
≥85% <90% 29 (19.7%) 33 (22.1%) 21 (18.7%) 27 (23.7%) 1.003 0.993 1.086 0.828
≥90% 73 (49.7%) 65 (43.6%) 62 (55.4%) 57 (50.0%) 0.782 0.423 1.310 0.430
Sleep Debt (min)
<90min 112 (69.6%) 118 (73.7%) 91 (72.8%) 90 (72.6%)
≥90min <120min 16 (9.9%) 24 (15.0%) 16 (12.8%) 13 (10.5%) 1.425 0.312 1.205 0.632
≥120min 33 (20.5%) 18 (11.2%) 18 (14.4%) 21 (16.9%) 0.358 0.019 0.619 0.306
Insomnia
No Sleep
Difficulties 57 (34.8%) 90 (54.9%) 63 (50.4%) 81 (64.8%)
Sleep Difficulties 85 (51.8%) 55 (33.5%) 47 (37.6%) 34 (27.2%) 0.398 <0.001 0.480 0.006
Insomnia 22 (13.4%) 19 (11.6%) 15 (12.0%) 10 (8.0%) 1.315 0.448 0.917 0.829
Epworth Sleepiness
Scale
<10 101 (62.0%) 118 (73.3%) 83 (67.5%) 86 (69.92%)
≥10 <16 61 (37.4%) 42 (26.1%) 37 (30.1%) 37 (30.08%) 0.577 0.026 0.847 0.533
≥16 1 (0.6%) 1 (0.6%) 3 (2.4%) 0 (0.00%) 1.476 0.785 3.688 0.277
a Adjacent logits odds ratio. T0 (resp. Women) is the reference category for Session (resp. Gender) factor
b Logistic regression with Session, Gender, Country and Session-by-Sex as factors