Supplemental Digital Content
Appendix 1. Results of Generalized Linear Models Estimating Caregiving Costs: Testing Sensitivity of Model Results to Self-Employed Status (Excluding Self-Employed Caregivers)
Variable Model n Coefficient
($ amount)
SE 95% CI
(lower, upper
p
Model 1: Total Indirect Costs+ 780
TRD (1) vs No TRD (0) 0.300
(2483.11) 0.063 0.177, 0.423 .0000
Age -0.161
(-2754.16) 0.029 -0.218,
-0.105 .0000
Male -0.137
(-2030.97)
0.091 -0.315, 0.042
.1321
White 0.041
( 566.89) 0.070 -0.096,
0.178 .5582
Part-time Job -0.310
(-4352.57) 0.077 -0.461,
-0.159 .0001
Major Condition indicator 0.395
(4336.26) 0.073 0.252,
0.538 .0000 TRD No TRD Difference
Estimated indirect Cost of TRD vs.
No TRD*
9,580.32 7,097.21 2483.11 .0000
Model 2: Total Direct Costs 785
TRD (1) vs No TRD (0) 0.290
(7024.03) 0.052 0.188,
0.391 .0000
Age -0.008
(-223.38) 0.023 -0.053,
0.037 .7401
Male -0.095
(-2615.97) 0.080 -0.252,
0.062 .2378
White 0.424
(10504.19)
0.082 0.264, 0.585
.0000
Part-time Job -0.222
(-6689.52) 0.072 -0.363,
-0.080 .0022
Major Condition indicator 0.116
(3051.43) 0.055 0.008,
0.224 .0339 TRD No TRD Difference
Estimated Direct Cost of TRD vs. No
TRD* 27,940.63 20,916.60 7024.03 .0000
+ All costs are annualized and based on the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated annual average hourly wage of $25 per hour for 2018.
*Cost were estimated through GLM Models with Gaussian Family and log link functions.
Appendix 2. Results of Generalized Linear Models Estimating Caregiving Costs: Testing Sensitivity of Model Results to Caregiver Depression Status (Excluding Caregivers with Positive Depression Screening)
Variable Model n Coefficient
($ amount)
SE 95% CI
(lower, upper
p
Model 1: Total Indirect Costs 964
TRD (1) vs No TRD (0) 0.329
(2868.38) 0.060 0.211, 0.446 .0000
Age -0.049
(-598.79) 0.026 -0.100,
0.002 .0569
Male 0.331
(4185.07)
0.063 0.207, 0.454 .0000
White 0.029
( 423.51) 0.059 -0.087,
0.144 .6265
Part-time Job 0.223
(3388.50) 0.063 0.100, 0.347 .0004
Major Condition indicator 0.112
(1844.26) 0.059 -0.004,
0.227 .0591
TRD No TRD Difference Estimated indirect Cost of TRD vs.
No TRD*
10,239.84 7,371.46 2868.38 .0000
Model 2: Total Direct Costs 1055
TRD (1) vs No TRD (0) 0.346
(8164.27) 0.050 0.248, 0.444 .0000
Age -0.003
( -76.36) 0.021 -0.044,
0.038 .8954
Male -0.033
(-937.60) 0.056 -0.143,
0.076 .5525
White 0.467
(11763.28)
0.071 0.328, 0.606 .0000
Part-time Job -0.012
(-363.26) 0.055 -0.119,
0.096 .8325
Major Condition indicator 0.050
(1551.83) 0.051 -0.050,
0.150 .3246
TRD No TRD Difference Estimated Direct Cost of TRD vs. No
TRD* 27,939.84 19,775.57 8164.27 .0000
+ All costs are annualized and based on the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated annual average hourly wage of $25 per hour for 2018.
*Cost were estimated through GLM Models with Gaussian Family and log link functions.
Supplemental Digital Content
Appendix 3: Frequency of Providing Caregiving Assistance by Type Provided
Missing TRD No TRD p
Grooming, % (N) 43 .0000
Not at all 37.0 (60) 23.1 (231)
<1 a week 9.9 (16) 28.8 (287)
1-2 times a week 17.3 (28) 33.1 (330)
3-6 times a week 20.4 (33) 10.3 (103)
Every day 15.4 (25) 4.7 (47)
Administering/managing medications, % (N)
52 .0000
Not at all 22.8 (37) 14.4 (142)
<1 a week 9.3 (15) 27.6 (273)
1-2 times a week 15.4 (25) 33.9 (335)
3-6 times a week 14.2 (23) 12.0 (119)
Every day 38.3 (62) 12.1 (120)
Housework, % (N) 43 .0000
Not at all 23.5 (38) 8.5 (85)
<1 a week 14.8 (24) 34.3 (342)
1-2 times a week 22.2 (36) 39.1 (390)
3-6 times a week 12.3 (20) 8.3 (83)
Every day 27.2 (44) 9.8 (98)
Shopping, % (N) 47 .0000
Not at all 15.3 (25) 6.1 (61)
<1 a week 26.4 (43) 35.6 (354)
1-2 times a week 27.6 (45) 22.3 (221)
3-6 times a week 11.7 (19) 29.1 (289)
Every day 19.0 (31) 6.8 (68)
Preparing Meals, % (N) 48 .0000
Not at all 18.0 (29) 9.6 (95)
<1 a week 8.7 (14) 27.3 (271)
1-2 times a week 18.6 (30) 42.8 (425)
3-6 times a week 19.9 (32) 7.8 (78)
Every day 34.8 (56) 12.6 (125)
Transporting, % (N) 46
Not at all 22.2 (36) 12.1 (120) .0000
<1 a week 8.0 (13) 17.7 (176)
1-2 times a week 20.4 (33) 55.5 (552)
3-6 times a week 26.5 (43) 8.2 (82)
Every day 22.8 (37) 6.5 (65)
Managing finances, % (N) 44 .0000
Not at all 9.8 (16) 10.8 (108)
<1 a week 11.0 (18) 14.0 (139)
1-2 times a week 15.3 (25) 56.6 (564)
3-6 times a week 23.9 (39) 5.9 (59)
Every day 39.9 (65) 12.7 (126)
Providing encouragement, %
(N) 46 .0000
Not at all 11.7 (19) 12.2 (121)
<1 a week 34.6 (56) 36.0 (358)
1-2 times a week 27.2 (44) 15.0 (149)
3-6 times a week 9.9 (16) 28.9 (288)
Every day 16.7 (27) 7.9 (79)