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Supplementary Table S1 Incidence of AIDS events per CD4 stratum in participants with sustained viral suppression

CD4 cell count CD4 cell count CD4 cell count CD4 cell count

<200 cells/ µL 200-349 cells/ µL 350-499 cells/ µL >500 cells/ µL

Total person-time 1121.5 person-years 1657.1 person-years 1264.1 person-years 1237.2 person-years No. of

events Rate (95%CI) No. of

events Rate (95%CI) Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 19 21.1 (13.4 - 33.0) 13 7.5 (4.3 - 12.9) 1 0.7 (0.1 - 5.3) 2 1.6 (0.4 - 6.2)

Cryptococcus meningitis 8 8.8 (4.4 - 17.7) 1 0.6 (0.1 - 4.1) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Chronic herpes simplex infection 2 2.2 (0.6 - 8.9) 3 1.7 (0.6 - 5.3) 2 1.5 (0.4 - 5.9) 1 0.8 (0.1 - 5.5)

Kaposi sarcoma 2 2.2 (0.6 - 8.9) 3 1.7 (0.6 - 5.3) 0 0.0 (-) 3 2.3 (0.6 - 7.2)

Wasting syndrome 5 5.5 (2.3 - 13.3) 1 0.6 (0.1 - 4.1) 1 0.7 (0.1 - 5.3) 0 0.0 (-)

Cytomegalovirus disease 4 4.4 (1.7 - 11.8) 2 1.2 (0.3 - 4.6) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Esophageal candidiasis 2 2.2 (0.6 - 8.9) 2 1.2 (0.3 - 4.6) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Cerebral toxoplasmosis 3 3.3 (1.1 - 10.3) 1 0.6 (0.1 - 4.1) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Pneumocystis pneumonia 2 2.2 (0.6 - 8.9) 1 0.6 (0.1 - 4.1) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

HIV encephalopathy 1 1.1 (0.2 -7.9) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Disseminated non-tuberculous

mycobacterial infection 1 1.1 (0.2 -7.9) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Progressive multifocal

encephalopathy 1 1.1 (0.2 -7.9) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-) 1 0.7 (0.1 - 5.3) 0 0.0 (-)

Symptomatic HIV-associated

nephropathy 0 0.0 (-) 1 0.6 (0.1 - 4.1) 0 0.0 (-) 0 0.0 (-)

Incidence rate expressed as events per 1000 person-years, with 95% confidence intervals

Supplementary Table S2 Incidence of AIDS and PTB events per CD4 cell count stratum in

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patients with sustained viral suppression – excluding first 6 months of ART (sensitivity analysis)

AIDS Pulmonary tuberculosis

CD4 stratum (cells/µL)

Person- years

Events Rate (95%CI) Events Rate (95%CI)

<200 596.00 6 10.1 (4.5-22.4) 15 25.2 (15.2-41.7)

200-349 1426.76 10 7.0 (3.8-13.0) 9 6.3 (3.3-12.1)

350-499 1229.18 3 2.4 (0.8-7.6) 4 3.3 (1.2-8.7)

≥500 1258.63 4 3.2 (1.2-8.5) 3 2.4 (0.8-7.4)

total 4510.56 23 5.1 (3.4-7.7) 31 6.9 (4.8-9.8)

Incidence rate expressed as events per 1,000 person-years, with 95% confidence intervals

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Supplementary Figure S1 Study flow chart.

The figure shows patient retention during the maximum 72 months follow-up time on ART.

Abbreviations: ART, Antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; LTFU,

lost to follow up.

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>500 cells/µL >350 cells/µL >200 cells/µL 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

<100 cells/µL 100-199 cells/µL

>200 cells/µL Total

Pre ART CD4 cell count

Pe rc en ta ge o f p ar ti ci p an ts

Supplementary Figure S2 Percentages of participants who attain a CD4 cell count threshold at end of study follow up, by pre-ART CD4 cell count

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Supplementary Figure S1 Incidence proportion of AIDS, PTB and death per 3 months of ART in patients with sustained viral suppression, shown by CD4 cell count stratum.