With the theme "Present and Future Challenges in Environmental Sustainability", the 4th ETMC is a global momentum for sustainable development that will lead to practical applications of sustainability engineering and science. Participating industries, academics and government bodies will receive information on the state of technology and environmental management. Erwin - Hydrological Regime Analysis as a Land Use Watershed Control Instrument (Case Study Cimanuk Watershed Upstream West Java Province) ..WRM 10.
Lieza Corsita - Effect of increased diversity on hydrological regime Phytoplankton and water quality in aquatic ecosystems in Kaskad Reservoir ..WRM 11. Nur Asmaliza Mohd Noor - Effect of water quality Before and after Sungai Muda Flood using Mitigation Model.QiUALWRME 13 .Rima Septisia - Application of conditional assessment methods to increase water quality in Siak Pekanbaru River ..WRM 18.
Gatut Sudarjanto - Decolorization of wastewater containing spent molasses by means of the photochemical method as an attempt at water reuse: process optimization using response surface methodology ..WRM 19.
Session D – Environmental Engineering and Technology
Andre Wiguna - Identification of bacteria from groundwater by cultured analysis and 16S rRNA genes Clone used in the surrounding area of landfill Cicabe – Bandung ..WRM 17. Aini Rinarti - The effect of aeration and reactor's media thickness in the organic removal of Bojongsoang effluent WWTPs Subsurface flow in a constructed wetland ..WRM 20. Thiwari Ophithakorn - Reduction of organic matter in stabilization and free water surface constructed wetland of Hat Yai City Municipality, Thailand.
Doni Sugiyana - Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency with Multiple Reuse of TiO2 Nanofiber-Based Composite Catalysts for Textile Dyeing Wastewater Treatment. Mohd Asri Mohd Nawi - Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye RR4 by immobilized PANI/TIO2/ENR/PVC composite under low energy compact fluorescent lamp light source. Sumiyyah Sabar - Reactive Red 4 dye-modified layer-by-layer immobilized TiO2/chitosan system for phenol photodegradation.
Noor Nazihah Binti Bahrudin - Phenol Removal via TiO2/AC Immobilized Layer System. Gatut Sudarjanto - Investigation of possible toxic effects of advanced chemobiological treatment of an Azo reactive dye.
Session E – Green Cities
Mochammad Chaerul - Healthcare waste management in Bandung city, Indonesia and its recommendation for improvement. Thunwadee Tachapattaworakul Suksaroj - Leaching of nutrients from latex waste sludge and its use for the production of plant materials.
Session F – Climate Change and Air Pollution
Nandia Gresita Trinanda - Analysis of Microbial Air Quality in Depok City Composting Plant and Impact on Human Health. Mila Dirgawati - Correlation and Risk Analysis of Ambient Air Quality for Mortality and Morbidity in Bandung City (A Case Study in an Industrial, High Traffic and Residential Area). Syarif Hidayat - Characteristics of the urban park and urban forest: a strategy to mitigate the urban heat island.
Dedi Nursyamsi - Use of care products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in peatlands of South Kalimantan. Puji Lestari - Emission inventory and spatial distribution of air pollution (CO, Nox, HC, AND SPM) from transportation sector in DKI Jakarta based on fuel consumption. Asep Sofyan - Effect of sea/land winds on the dynamics of air pollution mass budget in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Windy Iriana - Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5 dan karbon monoksida (CO) yang dikeluarkan dari aktivitas memasak menggunakan bahan bakar kayu di desa Sunten Jaya, kabupaten Lembang pada musim hujan. Zulfikar Ali As - Analisis paparan PM2.5 di pemukiman sekitar jalan angkutan batubara (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Tapin, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan).
POSTER SESSIONS
Sri Gustiani - New technique in the preparation of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers supported with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles for the removal of textile wastewater. Katharina Oginawati - Exposure analysis of carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cigarette smoke to the customers of online game center. P 25 Yulinah Trihadiningrum - Photocatalysis of oil pollutants in seawater using UV light and titanium oxide catalyst.
PLENARY LECTURES
Chromium (VI) Biosorption by Immobilized Phytoplanktonic Consortium
1 Introduction
Environmental Engineering and Technology EET 9 - 2 treatment is often prohibitive and has low efficacy at low concentrations, especially in the range of 1–100 mg/L. Moreover, some of these methods generate toxic sludge which causes an additional cost to its treatment procedures (Aksu et al. Phytoplankton biomasses demonstrate different affinities and adsorption capacities towards different metals and are therefore strong candidates to be used as biosorbent materials (Kurniasih et al., 2011, Doshi et al., 2007).
However, the fragile structure and size of microalgae is not suitable for continuous wastewater treatment operations (Chu et al., 1997) and has led to interest in the use of immobilized biomass. The application of immobilized biomass has advantages including increased mechanical strength, resistance to chemical environment and easy separation of biomass and effluents, reduction of clogging in the continuous system and repeated use in many adsorption/desorption cycles (Horváthova et al., 2009). . To our knowledge, the use of abundant phytoplankton consortium in nature, especially in tropical wastewater treatment plants, has not been reported.
This article presents the results of our work on Cr (VI) biosorption using the immobilized phytoplanktonic biomass from tropical environment, including the effect of biomass pretreatment, factors influencing the sorption process, and kinetics and equilibrium of the process as well.
2 Materials and Methods
- Collection of phytoplanktonic biomass
- Pretreatment of Biomass
- Immobilization of Biomass
- Preparation of Artificial Wastewater
- Measurement of Cr (VI) Ions Concentration
- Effect of Biomass Pretreatment
- Effect of Temperature
- Effect of Contact Time
- Effect of pH
- Effect of Initial Cr (VI) Concentration
- Effect of Biosorbent Dosage
- Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies
The technique involves dropwise addition of mixture of powdered biomass and sodium alginate solution in calcium chloride solution. A 100 ml sample of sodium alginate biomass suspension was added dropwise to stirred 500 ml 4% CaCl2 using a syringe pump. The concentration of Cr (VI) ions in artificial solution was analyzed by applying a colorimetric spectrophotometry method and using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide as a complexing agent (APHA, 1999).
The effect of biomass pretreatment using acidic, alkaline and deionized distilled water was investigated by contacting 10 g of immobilized pretreated biomass with 50 ml of 50 ppm Cr (VI). The effect of temperature on biosorption process was studied by contacting 10 g of immobilized biomass with 50 ml of 20 ppm Cr (VI) in 150 ml Erlenmeyer. The flasks were then rotated on a shaker at 180 rpm for 3 hours at a temperature range within 20oC-40oC.
The study of the effect of contact time on the biosorption process was carried out by contacting 10 g of immobilized biomass with 50 ml of 20 ppm Cr (VI). The effect of solution pH on the biosorption process was investigated by contacting 10 g of immobilized biomass with 50 ml of 50 ppm Cr (VI). The mixture was then rotated on a shaker at 180 rpm and optimum contact time and temperature.
The mixture was then shaken on a shaker at 180 rpm and optimal contact time and temperature conditions. Equilibrium experiments consist of studying the adsorption of Cr (VI) ions on beads and fitting the data obtained to different adsorption isotherms. Environmental Engineering and Technology EET 9 - 5 flasks were rotated on a shaker at 180 rpm and the remaining Cr (VI) ions in the solution were analyzed at an interval of 15 minutes for 3 hours.
3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Pretreatment of Biomass
- Effect of Temperature
- Effect of Contact Time
- Effect of pH
- Effect of Initial Cr (VI) Concentration
- Effect of Biosorbent Dosage
From the results above, it was suggested that Cr(VI) adsorption by immobilized phytoplankton biomass followed energy-dependent mechanisms. The effect of contact time on Cr (VI) biosorption by phytoplankton biomass is shown in Table 3. Environmental engineering and technology EET 9 - 7 The highest percentage removal of Cr (VI) was observed in 150 minutes, the longer the contact time reduced metal ions sorption (table 3).
It is indicated that at contact time longer than 150 minutes under this test condition, the desorption rate of Cr (VI) is higher than its sorption rate, resulting in a decrease in metal ions bound to biomass and an increase of them in bulk solution. The effect of solution pH on Cr(VI) biosorption by phytoplankton biomass is given in Table 4. The decrease in specific uptake of Cr(VI) can be attributed to the fact that as the biosorbent increases, more active sites for metal binding were provided .
Therefore, in this experiment, the kinetics of chromium biosorption on phytoplankton biomass was demonstrated to understand the behavior of the biosorbent and find the biosorption rate expressions. The rate constant for Cr(VI) biosorption was determined from the pseudo-first- and second-order rate expression given by Lagergren and Svenska. It can therefore be concluded that Cr(VI) biosorption kinetics under this experimental condition followed second-order kinetics.
Environmental Engineering and Technology EET 9 - 11 Experiments were also carried out in an attempt to understand the equilibrium process of Cr(VI) biosorption on the phytoplankton biomass. Figures 3, 4 and 5 describe the linear, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm plot for Cr(VI) biosorption on immobilized phytoplankton biomass. These plots were used to calculate the isotherm parameters shown in Table 8. Environmental Engineering and Technology EET 9 - 13 As can be seen from Figure 3, 4, 5, the equilibrium Cr(VI) biosorption by immobilized phytoplankton biomass followed the Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
It shows that the linear isotherm cannot describe Cr(VI) biosorption well. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the biosorption of Cr(VI) on the immobilized phytoplankton biomass best fits the Langmuir isotherm with the obtained value of qm 8.197 mg/g and R2 0.900.
4 Conclusion
5 Acknowledgement
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