Literature Research Methodology :
JOSEPHINE MARCH’S CHOLERIC TEMPERAMENT IN GRETA GREWIG’S LITTLE WOMEN (2019)
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study
Every human must have one or several different things that makes them unique. The uniqueness of each individual is also due to several factors such as genetic, role models, and experiences which then forms personality. However, human beings are formed not only by personality. There are also traits, character and temperament. Temperament is innate from birth and this is what is basically what makes human beings. Temperament is a combination of traits or characteristics in a person that lead to the way of thinks, acts, and feels.
In psychological study, temperament is divided into several types.
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) a German philosopher and one of the main intellectuals of the Enlightenment century considered temperament as a pattern of sensitivity or sinneart and contained 2 aspects, namely:
1. Physiological aspects, namely the constitution of the body, the complex or arrangement of bodily fluids and
2. The psychological aspect is the psychiatric tendencies caused by the composition of the blood.
Furthermore, Kant divided temperament into four types, namely Sanguines (people with light blood), Melancholy (people with heavy blood), Choleric (people with hot blood), and Phlegmatic (people with cold blood).
The uniqueness of the human personality creates a variety of patterns and tempos of development, which can be studied in temperamental theory.
Classifying humans by type of temperament is complicated. Even in literary works such as novels or films, temperament can be reflected in the characters with the most common thing being language. Language shapes a person's thinking and exposes the shape of his personality. And with good language, a literary work will be more meaningful because much is implied in it.
In Little Women (2019) for example, the characters in the film are highlighted for their personality differences even though they are siblings. Meg with her arrogance, Jo with her temper, Beth with her shyness, and Amy with her selfishness. From these personality differences, they also have ideals and focus on their own desires. Interestingly, these differences are not opposed to each other's barriers. However, reflecting temperaments like anything can be successful in their respective fields and even with different temperaments, they support each other.
Little Women is a movie that tells the story of the March sisters named Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy who have different characters, from motherly and shy to tomboyish. The main character in this movie Josephine March (Jo) is the second
child of the March family. Jo is a free-spirited person and has a strong determination to achieve her dream, which is to become a great writer. This story is very exciting and contains a message and a special impression for the audience.
The researcher is interested to reveal the things related to Jo March's psychology because knowing data about Jo's temperament will be very useful for observers.
There are also valuable lessons learned by researchers who want to share with observers.
By those reasons in which the researchers can get useful facts from the nature of human temperament, psychological studies are chosen in analyzing the film. The researcher conducts this research under the title JOSEPHINE MARCH’S CHOLERIC TEMPERAMENT IN GRETA GREWIG’S LITTLE WOMEN (2019) with a research methodology using the method qualitative.
1.2 Problem Statement
Referring to the illustration discussed in the background of the study above, the issue to be studied is :
1.2.1 How is Jo’s choleric temperament reflected in Greta Grewig’s Little Women movie?
1.2.2 How is Jo’s choleric temperament influences with her siblings relationship in Greta Grewig’s Little Women movie?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Based on the following explanation of some problem, the objective of the study is formulated as follows:
1.3.1 To explain the Jo’s choleric temperament reflected in Greta Grewig’s Little Women movie
1.3.2 To describe the Jo’s choleric temperament influences with her siblings relationship in Greta Grewig’s Little Women movie
1.4 Limitation
The researcher has made limitation in material discussion in the choleric temperament of Josephine March in Greta Grewig’s Little Women movie, and why it can be constructed in character’s personality. This case concerns on revealing of person’s psychology which is declared by Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis.
1.5 Thesis Organization
This research will be developed into five chapters and each of them will be divided specifically into following division.
1.5.1 The first chapter presents introduction of the research which consists of background of the study, statements of problems, purpose of the study, limitation of the study, organization of the thesis, and reason for using the topic
1.5.2 The second chapter is the literary review, which contains definition of psychoanalysis, psychoanalysis in literary critism, system of temperament, and siblings relationship.
1.5.3 The third chapter tells research methodology which contains the research approach, object of the research, types of data, method of collecting data, and procedure of data collection.
1.5.4 The fourth chapter is closing which is composed of the conclusion and suggestion
1.6 Reason for Using the Topic
1.6.1 This topic gives illustration about its influence on human self-development 1.6.2 This topic gives new inspiration to other researchers in developing and
improving their researchers
1.6.3 This topic gives knowledge to the writer about the application of psychoanalysis in literature