The Role of Local Culture Learning in Character Forming of Ibtidaiyah Madrasah Students (MI)
Rahimul Harahap
Faculty of Law and Education, Universitas Putra Abadi Langkat, Indonesia [email protected]
I. Introduction
The current era of globalization has a huge influence on the development of every human being in this world. In this era, a cultural civilization can affect other cultural civilizations. Progress in all areas of life has a positive impact on human life. However, with globalization, there is also a negative impact, namely a shift in the character of society.
In the era of globalization, the characters that appear in MI children, namely children tend to be influenced by globalization. This can be shown by the behavior pattern of MI children which shows the decline in character values in each individual. For example, such as lack of manners, cheating during exams, lack of social sensitivity and so on. Nowadays children tend to behave or behave like westerners. Eastern culture is starting to fade with the influence of western culture which is carried over with globalization. Character is a characteristic possessed by an object or individual. These characteristics are original and rooted in the personality of the object or individual, and are "machines" that encourage how a person acts, behaves, says, and responds to something (Kertajaya, 2010: 3).
According to Rasyid, the loss of the values of togetherness as a nation and the character of society that deviates from the noble values that have been the characteristics and pride of the Indonesian nation is a common concern, so character education is needed. In principle, character education in Indonesia has been carried out since the time of Ki Hajar Dewantara, but then it was eroded by the presence of modern values that entered so rapidly, including the strong influence of globalization. Character education is currently still seen as a discourse and has not become an integrated part of formal education, even though education in Indonesia already has Pancasila subjects, citizenship, character, and the like.
According to Mustadi, basically, a child with low character quality is a child with a low level of social emotional development, so that children are at great risk of experiencing difficulties in learning, interacting socially, and being unable to control
Abstract
This paper was made by the author aiming to describe the role of local wisdom in shaping the character of elementary school-aged children in the era of globalization. Progress in all fields in this era of globalization causes both positive and negative impacts. The research carried out by the author uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes events as they occur. The results of the research that has been carried out are that the role of local wisdom is quite large as the formation of the character of students, because the character of children is formed based on the habits they often do, apart from parents environmental and cultural factors are also influential in it.
Keywords
Local wisdom; character
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 5, No 4, November 2022, Page: 30086-30092 e-ISSN: 2615-3076 (Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 (Print)
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themselves. Considering the importance of inculcating character in elementary school age and considering that elementary school age is the initial period of self formation, then planting good character at elementary school age is very important to do.
The importance of handling the low quality of character experienced by children in this era of globalization can be done by using local wisdom from their respective regions as a reference in living in society.
Local wisdom or in a foreign language called "local wisdom" is an important part that cannot be separated from society. Local wisdom is the community's view of life and everything related to the way of life of the community in the form of activities carried out by local communities in answering various problems in meeting their needs.
Indonesia is a pluralistic country which consists of many tribes that have diversity as part of local wisdom from certain regions. This local wisdom is a characteristic or identity of the community that does not necessarily exist in other areas. This local wisdom is obtained from experiences or events experienced by certain communities that can affect people's lives. According to Geertz (1973:10) states:
Local wisdom is part of culture. Local wisdom is traditional culture element thet deeply rooted in human life and community that related with human resources, sources of culture, economic, security and laws. Local wisdom can be viewed as a tradition that related with arming activities, livestock build house etc.
Based on this understanding, it can be concluded that local wisdom or "local wisdom" is part of community culture that affects every activity in people's lives. Local wisdom inherent in the life of the community is like a reference or rule in the community interacting with other communities and with their environment.
According to Rahyono (2009), local wisdom is human intelligence possessed by certain ethnic groups which is obtained through community experience. That is, local wisdom is the result of certain communities through their experiences and is not necessarily experienced by other communities. These values will be very strongly attached to certain communities and these values have gone through a long journey of time, throughout the existence of that society.
Substantially, local wisdom is the values that apply in a society. Values that are believed to be true and become a reference in the daily behavior of the local community.
Therefore, it can be said that local wisdom is an entity that greatly determines human dignity in the community.
So, it can be said that local wisdom is a form of cultural characteristics or advantages of certain communities that are very important and related to all aspects of people's lives. This local wisdom is used as a guide to people's lives that have local values but the values contained in them are universal.
According to Mustadi, character education in schools is a system of inculcating character values to school members which includes components of knowledge, awareness or willingness, and actions to implement these values, both towards God Almighty (YME), oneself, others. , environment, and nationality so that they become human beings.
In character education in schools, all components must be involved, including the components of education itself, namely curriculum content, learning and assessment processes, quality of relationships, handling or management of subjects, school management, implementation of co-curricular activities or activities, empowerment of infrastructure suggestions, financing, and the work ethic of all citizens and the school environment.
II. Research Method
The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. According to Covelo and Cevilla (1993: 73), in essence qualitative descriptive research is a method in examining the status of a group of people, an object with the aim of making descriptive, systematic, factual and accurate descriptions of the facts or phenomena being investigated.
According to Mardalis (1999:26), this qualitative descriptive study aims to describe what is currently applicable. It includes an attempt to describe, record, analysis andinterpreting the conditions that currently occur when the research takes place by presenting what actually happened or existed. In other words, this qualitative descriptive study aims to obtain information about the current state of affairs.
The location used in this study is MIN 7, North Padang Lawas Regency. The subjects in this study were students and teachers. The data sources in this study consisted of data in the form of interviews with fifth grade teachers and observations during activities in 7 North Padang Lawas Districts. Data collection techniques used are interviews and observation.
III. Results and Discussion
3.1 Local Culture
Literally local wisdom comes from two words, namely wisdom (wisdom) and local (local). Meanwhile, in terms of local wisdom, it can be understood as thinking about domestic activities that contain the nature of wisdom, filled with wisdom, contain good values that have taken root and the whole community has followed it. The formation of local wisdom is used as something that is superior to a culture that is owned by the domestic community as well as the wider geographical situation (Husain, 2016). Local wisdom is a form of culture that has existed in the time of the ancestors and must continue to be preserved as a way of life. Even though the embedded values are local, they are considered very universal.
Another definition of local wisdom is a form of domestic cultural substance which contains views of life and life policies. Local wisdom is not limited to being applied locally to some cultures, ethnicities or parts of tribes, but also includes all cultures or ethnicities so that cultural potentials that contain national characteristics can be formed.
The conclusion that can be drawn from the explanation above is that local wisdom is a form of local wisdom that contains ideas and domestic knowledge that is full of wisdom, wisdom, contains good values, is virtuous and is used as a guide and is carried out by the surrounding community. There are several concepts contained in the definition of local wisdom, namely:
a. Local wisdom is knowledge which is then deposited into a person's guide in behaving b. Local wisdom describes something that cannot be separated from the owner's
environment
c. Local wisdom is useful as a bulwark from the global climate that is endemic in life.
d. Local wisdom is a man-made product that is used in sustaining life
According to Prof. Nyoman (in Chairiyah, 2013) in the local wisdom community in the form of values, norms, ethics, beliefs, customs, and certain regulations. Therefore, because it has a variety of forms and lives in various cultures of society, its functions are also diverse. The scope of local wisdom can be divided into eight, namely:
a. Developing local norms in the form of obligations and taboos
b. Rituals and habits carried out by the community that contain an implied meaning in it
c. Folk songs, myths, legends, and folk tales that hold a certain mandate which is only recognized by the surrounding community
d. Knowledge of data information collected on elders or traditional leaders or religious leaders
e. People believe in the truth contained in the holy books
f. How to communicate domestically as a form of fulfillment in everyday life g. Tools and materials used as part of fulfilling the necessities of life
h. In fulfilling their daily lives, people rely on the state of the situation of natural resources or the environment which could taken the benefits.
3.2 Character
a. Character Definition
The interpretation of the Great Indonesian Language Dictionary (2011) on character is a kind of spiritual traits in the form of morals or character that are used to distinguish one person from another (KBBI: 204). While the meaning of character in language is an absorption word from English, namely character. Character is a type of adjective as a form of description of the characteristics or special characteristics of a thing, which refers to negative behavior and positive behavior that a person has and it is a distinguishing characteristic between one person and another (Dharma. K, 2011).
According to Muslich (2011) character is the uploaded values possessed by every individual whose relationship is related to God Almighty, between each individual, the environment, the individual itself and nationality, all of which are manifested through feelings, thoughts, words, attitudes. and all actions based on religious norms, culture, law, upload- ing , and customs. While Samani (2011) expressed his opinion that character can be interpreted as a form of basic potential that creates a person's personality, which is manifested based on heredity and the impact of the surrounding environment, which can distinguish it from other individuals, so that it is realized through behavior and attitudes in everyday life. Wibowo (2012) also expressed a similar opinion about character, according to him, character is a technique of thinking and a person's personality which is a privilege for each individual in living and working together, both within the family and community and even in the nation and state.
Character is a special sign contained in each individual. The special sign is original and has been embedded in the personality of each individual, and is a tool that can be an encouragement for someone to choose actions, behave, communicate, and respond to problems (Jamal. M, 2011). Meanwhile, according to Maknain (2013) the purpose of character is the special characteristics possessed by each individual about his identity (derived from the heart) which is the essence of mental/mental qualities, ways of behaving (attitudes and physical activities), and one's way of thinking. in his life which includes collaborating with family, community and so on.
According to the explanation of the experts above, it can be concluded that character is something that is contained in each individual to serve as a special feature of one's personality and is used as a differentiator between one person and another. The use of these characteristics as a tool to work together and live in a family and community environment.
b. Good Character Components
Good character (componens of good character) contains three components, which are described by Lickona and translated by Wamaungo (2012) as follows:
1) Moral knowledge
Moral knowledge is the most urgent thing to apply. As a desired character education goal, there are six aspects that stand out.
a) Moral understanding b) Insights on moral values c) Point of view
d) Moral ideas
e) Determination in determine decision f) Insights owned by each individual 2) Moral feeling
Emotional nature is something that plays an important role. As far as knowing what is right cannot be used as a guarantee that the individual will always do good.
Humans become character if they are able to apply the six aspects of emotion, namely:
a) Conscience b) Dignity c) Mercy
d) Likes good things e) Self control
f) Have a humble nature 3) Moral action
Moral action is the influence of moral understanding and moral feelings. In this case, it consists of three aspects, namely:
a) Ability b) Hope c) Skills
So, every individual who has a good personality is if they know moral knowledge, moral feelings, and moral actions that can work together on an ongoing basis. In this case, character education is required to be able to make students have good behavior so that it can become a routine that has been applied in their daily lives.
c. Character values that must be instilled
The values of the character and culture of the nation come from educational theories, socio-cultural values, religious guidelines, educational psychology as well as the best experiences and real practices that are applied to everyday life (Zubaedi, 2011).
According to Wibowo (2012), the Ministry of National Education describes eighteen values in cultural education and national character, namely:
1) Religious
Obedience in carrying out religious teachings 2) Honest
Behavior that seeks to make himself worthy of being given a mandate 3) Tolerance
Tolerance towards differences 4) Discipline
Is a behavior that shows an orderly attitude 5) Hard work
An attitude that shows tenacity or sincerity 6) Creative
Think and do things that can produce a work
7) Independent
Behavior that does not rely on the compassion of others 8) Democratic
Assuming equal all rights and obligations owned by himself and others.
9) Curiosity
A behavior that shows curiosity.
10) The spirit of nationalism Prioritizing the interests of the nation 11) Love the homeland
The form of an attitude that describes loyalty and concern for the nation 12) Appreciate achievements
The behavior of appreciating the success of others 13) Friendly and communicative
Behavior that shows a person who is sociable or easy to get along with 14) Love peace
Attitudes that bring comfort to others 15) Likes to read Hobbies to read
16) Environmental care
Attitude always protects the environment and prevents it from being damaged 17) Social care
Humane attitude towards others 18) Responsibility
Behavior is always doing the job well.
The role of local wisdom is quite large as the formation of children's character, because children's character is formed based on the habits they often do, apart from parents, environmental factors also influence it.
When viewed from previous research that has been described by the author in the introduction of all these studies, it can be concluded that the role of local wisdom in the formation of the character of students is quite influential. So, by returning to the potentials of local wisdom, students can have a good personality, which is in accordance with applicable norms.
IV. Conclusion
Learning literature and local culture in schools is a form of relevance to develop and instill character values for students starting from the ground up, because the learning contains very wise life messages. The object of literary study is humans and life, which always presents us with social problems in lifeeveryday life through events and character traits. Likewise, culture, which expresses the value of human character with nobility. So through these two roles, both of them must be optimized in education in order to build the character of the nation's children who are cultured and have an archipelago character.
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