The results of the molecular phylogenetic analyzes are compared with the new morphological phylogenetic analysis in the discussion. Outgroup comparisons were made with character states in the zenarchopterids and other exocoetoid fishes, sister group to the ricefishes (Rosen & Parenti, 1981;. Monophyly of exocoetoids (sensu Rosen & Parenti, 1981; Collette et al., 1984) confirmed and need not be reviewed here .
Parenti, 1981 ), such as the absence of an ecopterygoid (absent in ricefishes, cyprinodontiforms, and most exocoetoids) and the absence of a dorsal hypohyal (absent in all beloniforms) are not considered here. The presence or absence of a dorsal hypohyal is uninformative at the level of the rice-fish relationship. The head of the palatine (=autopalatine) bone of rice fish is expanded into a cup-like structure, which is connected to the upper jaw (or premaxilla) by a dense ligament.
The pterygoquadrate cartilage meets the cartilage on the ventromedial margin of the lateral ethmoid. The dermosphenotic of the cyprinodontiform Fundulus and the semibeaked Nomorhamphus lie anterior to the lateral shoulder of the sphenotic.
Dermogenys robertsi
A tendon between the lacrimal and anterior part of the A1 portion of the adductor mandibulae was proposed by Stiassny (1990) as an atherinomorphic synapomorphy. The homology of the A1 lacrimal tendon of atheriniforms and some cyprinodontiforms, and the lacrimal ligament of exocoetoids, remains to be tested. The supracleithrum is variously present or absent in atherinomorphs, and is present in outgroup taxa such as the exocoetoid Dermogenys (Fig. 10A; see Parenti, 1993) and the aplocheiloid Rivulus, and for.
Adrianichthys oophorusposttemporal
A discrete brown to black spot on the dorsal part of the pectoral fin base is present in two miniatures: O. The posterior edge of the notch is formed by the anterior margin of the lateral ethmoid cartilage. In contrast, the ethmoid region of the skull is flat and broad in Adrianichthys (Fig.
The dorsal edge of the orbits is coded as confluent with the dorsal surface of the head in other ricefish (e.g. Fig. 1) and outgroup taxa. The teeth form a uniform, flat pavement on the dentate surface of the premaxillae and dentaria (Fig. 18). The palatine has a ventral ramus that overlaps and interdigitates with the dorsal ramus of the quadrate in Adrianichthys (Fig. 9) and O.
In Adrianichthys ( Fig. 24B–D ), the posterior ramus is extremely long and blade-like, reaching its greatest length relative to the hyoid bar in A. Diagrammatic representation of the hyoid bar. There is a small, incomplete pleural rib on the left side of the body associated with the second vertebra.
Nomorhamphus rossi
Mature pelvic fin position in beloniformes is recorded here by noting the pleural rib with which the lateral process of the pelvic bone is aligned. Pelvic fins are extremely posterior in some beloniforms, such as the belonid Belone belone, in which the pelvic fins are associated with vertebra 36 (B. B. Collette, pers. comm., 2005). The lateral pelvic process is aligned with the fifth, sixth, or eighth pleural rib in Adrianichthys, which attaches to the seventh, eighth, or tenth vertebra, respectively (Table 5).
In Oryzias species, the lateral pelvic protuberance is aligned with a rib attached to the fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh vertebra (figure). rib. Three species are polymorphic in the number of pelvic fin rays according to this coding scheme (O. latipes, O. javanicus and O. mekongensis).
Of the outgroup taxa coded in the data matrix, only Melanotaenia atheriniforme has a formula I, five pelvic rays, with a spine followed by five segmented rays. 66)Relation of pelvic fin to the body: Middlemost radius of the pelvic fin separated from the body [0]; The middlemost ray of the pelvic fin connected along half its length to the body via a membrane [1].
Oryzias bonneorum12
A distinct row of melanophores from the dorsal surface of the head to the dorsal fin.
C HARACTER CODING
Testing phylogenetic methods with tree congruence: phylogenetic analysis of polymorphic morphological characters in phrynosomatid lizards. 1974. Fine structure of the surface of the anal fin and the processes on its fin rays in male Oryzias latipes.Copeia. Fish from Korea, with pictorial key and systematic list. Fish Korea Checklist of vertebrates in Taiwan.
Distribution of freshwater fishes in Japan: a historical overview. Environmental Biology of Fish 52:97–124. In: East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences and Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, eds. -lateral, with few or only weakly developed lateral line scales with pores [0]; ventrally, with porous lateral line scales [1]; ventrally, without porous lateral line scales [2]. bilobed [1]; bilobed and highly enlarged [2].
Absent in both males and females [0]; present only in males [1]; found in men and women [2]. Palatine and quadrate articulate via elongate flanges that overlap anteriorly [0]; no flanges on ventral surface of palatine and quadrate [1]. elongate leaf-like ramus along the ventral surface of the anterior ceratohyal [1]; blunt posterior ramus [2]. Pelvic fins in line with pleural ribs on vertebra six or seven [1]; pelvic fins posterior, in line with the pleural rib of vertebra eight or higher [2].
The anterior fin ray is short, followed by elongated rays, with length decreasing posteriorly [0]; anal fin rays approximately the same length [1]; anterior part of the fin with elongated rays that stand out from the rest of the fin [2]. rounded and with slightly elongated central rays [2].
