MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS
“DESCRIPTIVE TEXT”
Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris Dosen pengampu : Muthmainah, M.Kep
DISUSUN OLEH KELOMPOK 1:
1. Adi Masito 2331060077
2. Efri Susana 2331060028 3. Fara Dila 2331060120 4. La Viola Prasasti 2331060138 5. Nasywa Haniya Nurbani 2331060044
PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDIN DAN STUDI AGAMA
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG T.A 2023/2024
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat serta karunia- Nya kepada saya sehingga saya berhasil menyelesaikan makalah ini yang alhamdulillah tepat pada waktunya yang berjudul “Descriptive Text” Makalah ini berisikan informasi tentang Descriptive Text. Diharapkan makalah ini dapat memberikan informasi kepada kita semua tentang Descriptive Text. Saya menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran dari semua pihak yang bersifat membangun selalu saya harapkan demi kesempurnaan makalah ini. Akhir kata, saya sampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berperan serta dalam penyusunan makalah ini dari awal sampai akhir. Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa meridhai segala usaha kita. Amin.
Bandar Lampung, 14 Oktober 2023
Penulis
ii DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ... i
DAFTAR ISI ... ii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ... 2
1.3 Manfaat... 2
BAB II PEMBAHASAN ... 3
2.1 Pengertian Descriptive Text ... 3
2.2 Ciri Kebahasaan Descriptive Tex ... 3
2.3 Contoh Descriptive Tex ... 4
BAB III PENUTUP ... 5
3.1 Kesimpulan... 5
3.2 Saran ... 5
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... 7
1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang
14.13 65 LELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics). 2(1), 2017 1. Introduction Because descriptive texts are included in the English curriculum in Indonesia (Kemendikbud, 2013), knowing how these texts are ideally structured is very important for the teacher as the person responsible for delivering them in class and for students who are required to master it. he. Because descriptive text, like other types of text, is not only built with rigid rules in form, but is also structured by considering the objective sentences and meaning of each structure, teachers need to have sufficient knowledge about how these clauses provide meaning. In other words, teachers must have good knowledge of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). similar to the concept by Gerot & Wignel (1994) that SFL tends to see language as a source for making meaning and tries to describe language in actual use by focusing on the text and its context. Apart from having to have knowledge of SFL as a basis for teaching descriptive texts, teachers must also be equipped with the ability to convey it in the teaching and learning process. In other words, teachers must be familiar with a variety of pedagogical knowledge related to teaching genres in order to help students understand them effectively. Unfortunately, in relation to teachers' pedagogical competence, research finds that many teachers still have limited knowledge about classroom teaching genres as stated by Derewianka (2003) that there are three fundamental problems regarding classroom teaching genres. First, instead of focusing on the purpose and use of the genre being taught as well as summarizing its function, the teacher seems to only focus on the name and stages of the genre which causes students to be confused. Second, the teaching process also seems to tend to only focus on a handful of genres to be taught without paying more attention to genre subtypes which are actually important, such as teaching only personal recounts, even though in fact there are still other subtypes. recounts such as historical recounts and factual recounts. And third, in relation to the text stages or text schema structure, the teacher seems to introduce the stages rigidly without allowing students to identify and reflect on what the basic function of each stage is. Teachers' lack of pedagogical knowledge can certainly influence students' understanding in composing target texts. After introducing and delivering the text to students, another thing the teacher must pay attention to is ensuring whether the students
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have mastered the text or not because it can be used as an indicator of the teacher's success in teaching. Therefore, it is important to diagnose the extent to which students already understand how to write. One effective way to diagnose students' descriptive text writing is to look at it from an SFL (Systemic-Functional Linguistic) perspective because it can provide in-depth and detailed information about whether their writing meets the criteria and characteristics of descriptive texts.
In addition, writing analyzing students through an SFL perspective can help teachers understand how students create contextual meaning in their compositions through their structure and organization. Considered effective in teaching writing, studies on the use of SFL in EFL and ESL contexts for either teaching or analyzing student writing have been conducted. LELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 2(1), 2017 66 Noprianto, Writing Student Descriptive Texts in an SFL Perspective is carried out by many scholars who focus on various types of texts such as Arancon (2013) who focuses on students' writing skills in esp; Briones (2016) on Reviews and research gates.net
1.2 Rumusan Masalah
1. Pengertian Descriptive Text 2. Ciri Kebahasaan Descriptive Text 3. Contoh Descriptive Text
1.3 Manfaat
1. Memberikan informasi detail mengenai suatu objek, baik itu benda, tempat, atau orang.
2. Meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dan berbahasa Inggris.
3. Meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analitis dan kreatif dalam menggambarkan suatu objek.
3 BAB II PEMBAHASAN
2.1 Pengertian Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a type of text which is used by the writer or speaker to describe particular thing, person, animal, place and or event to the readers or hearers (Gerot & Wignel, 1994; Knapp
& Watkins, 2005). The process of describing is done through ordering their characteristics clearly, starting from naming them, classifying them, and dealing with their attributes, behaviors, functions, and so on so that the readers or hearers can possibly notice what the writer is writing about as if they could directly see it through their own eyes. Like other genres, descriptive text also has its structure or stages. The elements or schematic structures of descriptive text are called identification or general statement and description. Identification is aimed at introducing and identifying specific participant such as a person, a thing, a place, an animal, and or an event.
Description, on the other side, is structured to describe that participant from its characteristics, appearances, personality, and habits or qualities (Butt, Fahey, Feez, Spinks, & Yallop, 2000;
Derewianka, 1990; Gerot & Wignel, 1994 ; Knapp & Watkins, 2005).
2.2 Ciri Kebahasaan Descriptive Text
a. Focus on specific participants as the main character;
b. Use present tense as dominant tenses;
c. Use linking verbs or relational process frequently (is, are, has, have, belongs to) in order to classify and describe appearance or qualities and parts or functions of the participant);
d. Use action verbs or material process and behavioral process in giving additional description regarding action and behavior done by the participants in text;
e. Use mental verb or mental process when describing feelings;
f. Use adjectives and adverbs to add information to nouns (participant) and add information to verbs (actions) to provide more detailed description about the topic;
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g. Use adverbial phrases to add more information about manner, place, or time and sometimes realized in embedded clause which functions as circumstances.
2.3 Contoh Descriptive Text The White Tiger
The white tiger is a type of feline subspecies of the Bengal tiger. It has almost no orange
pigmentation. It is for this reason that its fur is white and from there it derives its name. Despite the black stripes it maintains its pigmentation.
Regarding their size or size, these tigers are usually slightly larger than the orange tigers. Due to this condition (lack of pigmentation), white tigers have been classified as exotic animals and are a source of great tourist attraction.
5 BAB III PENUTUP
3.1 Kesimpulan
Descriptive text is a form of writing that aims to describe and provide detailed information about a particular person, place, object, event, or phenomenon. It uses language to paint a vivid picture in the reader's mind, enabling them to visualize and understand the subject being described.
In a descriptive text:
1. Detailed Description : The primary focus is on offering a comprehensive and detailed portrayal of the subject, using sensory details like sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures.
2. Objective Tone : Descriptive text usually maintains an objective and neutral tone, aiming to present facts and observations rather than expressing personal opinions or emotions.
3. Structured Approach : The text often follows a structured format, organizing the description logically, such as by starting with a general overview and then delving into specific details.
4. Imagery and Language : Descriptive text relies on vivid language and imagery to help the reader visualize the subject and engage their senses, making the description more compelling and effective.
5. Use of Adjectives and Adverbs : Descriptive words, especially adjectives and adverbs, are used abundantly to enhance the richness and depth of the description.
Overall, descriptive text is a valuable form of writing, used in various contexts such as literature, travel writing, product reviews, and academic writing, to convey a clear and evocative portrayal of a subject.
3.2 Saran
Berikut adalah beberapa saran dalam membuat Descriptive Text:
1. Pilihlah topik yang menarik dan sesuai dengan minat dan pengetahuanmu. Misalnya, jika kamu suka dengan hewan, kamu bisa membuat Descriptive Text tentang hewan tertentu.
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2. Gunakan struktur yang tepat dalam membuat Descriptive Text, yaitu identification dan description. Bagian identification berisi tentang pengenalan objek yang akan
dideskripsikan, sedangkan bagian description berisi tentang deskripsi objek tersebut.
3. Gunakan bahasa yang jelas dan mudah dipahami. Hindari penggunaan kata-kata yang sulit atau tidak umum.
4. Gunakan kalimat yang variatif dan tidak monoton. Kamu bisa menggunakan kalimat sederhana atau kompleks, tergantung pada objek yang akan dideskripsikan.
5. Gunakan kata sifat yang tepat dan deskriptif untuk menggambarkan objek yang akan dideskripsikan. Misalnya, jika kamu membuat Descriptive Text tentang pantai, kamu bisa menggunakan kata sifat seperti indah, tenang, dan sejuk.
6. Gunakan contoh atau ilustrasi untuk memperjelas deskripsi yang kamu buat.
7. Terakhir, jangan lupa untuk merevisi dan mengedit Descriptive Text yang kamu buat agar lebih baik dan mudah dipahami.
Dengan mengikuti saran-saran ini dan berlatih secara teratur, kemampuan Anda dalam menulis descriptive text akan meningkat dengan waktu.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Noprianto, E. (2017). Student's Descriptive Text Writing In SFL Perspectives. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 65-74.
Siahaan, P. (2016). The Use of Systemic Functional Linguistics in Teaching Writing: A Case Study of Descriptive Text. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 1(1), 1-14.
Suhardi, S. (2018). The Use of Systemic Functional Linguistics in Teaching Writing: A Case Study of Descriptive Text. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 3(1), 1-14.
