ATOLL RZS<ARCH BULLZTIN
No. 40
Bryophytes collected by F. R. Fosberg i n t h e riarshall I s l a n d s
by
Harvey Alfred M i l l e r
Issued by
THS PACIFIC SCIESCE BOARD
National Acaderny of Sciences-National Fiesearch Council Washington, D. C.
May
15, 1955
Bryophytes c o l l e c t e d by F.R. Fosberg i n t h e Marshall I s l a n d s
by
Harvey Alfred X i l l e r 2
Preliminary r e s u l t s of t h e sapedition t o t h e Northern liarshall Islands, 1951-1952, no.3.
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, California.
: Jryophytes collected by F'. R. F o s b e r g . . i n t h e M a r s h a l 1 Islands . . . . .
.
, . ,.
. . . . . .by
. . . . .
Harvey
ifr red
X i l l e rF . R. ~ o s h e r g c o l l e c t e d bryophytes i n t h e NarShall ~ s l a n d s f r o m November, 1951 t o Aprii, 1952 on Utirik, P.iluk, Likiep, klotho, Ujae, Lae and Ujelang a t o l l s ( s e e f i g . 1.) a s a p a r t of 'lProject Atoll" of t h e U.S.
Geological Survey. The c o l l e c t i o n s c i t e d herein and those previously reported' survey t h e bryophyte Elora of t h e I t u s h a l l s but f u r t h e r c o l l e c - t i o n s a r e d e s i r a b l e f p r specimens', e s p e c i a l l y Hepaticae, of p l a n t s now incompletely i d e n t i f i e d , o r a s y e t undiscovered. Mosses and liverworts
should preferably be collect6d d1rir.g t h e r a i n y season when many species (e.g., Riccardia spp.), dormant or present only a s spores during t h e d r y season, a r e a c t i v e l y growing and reproducing.
I thank F. R, Fosberg f o r a1lo:ying me t o study h i s c o l l e c t i o n s . A. L.. .Andrews has been of considerable a i d i n i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s and has glven'much time and encouragement. E. B. Bartram has a l s o been of kind assistance.. The Farlow Herbarium of Harvard University and t h e New York Botanical Garden'provided research . , . . . f n c i l i t i e s during v i s i t s sponsored i n p a r t b y a S i & Xi-RESA Grant' i n Aid of Research. The Department of Bio- l o g i c a l Sciences of Stanford Urliversity generously provided equipment and laboratory space. To tfies6 'and otherswho have aided me I express n&- . '
deepest g r a t i t u d e .
/I
, ~ a l . ~ ~ e r e s . h : r o ~ h $ l l a & e ~ m
C .
. ~ N ~ l l ; . v a r . . robustwn Fleisch. MusciF1.
.:
, ' ...
.
Butt enz ;. I.: 265. ', 1904. . . . ...
Lae Atoll: Bwi I s l e t , , Jan., 9, 1952, Fosbera 34078a.
.
. . . , . .
Distribution: Sumatra, Java, P h i l i p p i n e s , I b r s h a l l s . ( ~ r n o (2)).
. .
.
. . . . . .. , . .The d i s t r i b u t i o n . given i s t h a t .of t h e t y p i c a l f o r m o f i t h e species of which var. robusturn mnay.be- only a " I k u r ' i a n t form due t o optirral growth
conditions . . .. . . . .. , . . . . .
. . .. .
. . . . .
.,
Calymperes t enerum C. 1 Linnaea 37: 174. 1871-73.
Utirik A t q l i : u t i r i k . . & l e t , ,pjov;.' 29, ~ ~ ~-9; 33660' b i :
-
33652. k ~t toll:
Ailuk I s l e t , Dec. '27, Fosberg 33929;Akulwe I s l e t , Dec. 26, Fosberg 33915; 33916. Liki.ep Atoll: Likiep Is&et,, Uec. 12, Fosberg 337d0; Lado. . . .
Specimens c i t e d w i i l b6 depdiited i n
" t d i
~ . ~ . ~ a t i o n a l ~ e r , b a r i & and:' t h e herbaria of t h e 3 . P. Bishop i"iuseurn and of t h e author.I s l e t , Dec.
14,
F o s b e r ~2%.
Wotho Atoll: kotho I s l e t , Feb. 3 Fosberg 24253a, 34254. Ujae Atoll: Ujae I s l e t , Feb. 16, Fosberg 31&373bJ Feb. 20, Fosberq 74374b, Mar. 9, F o s b e r ~' & L a
Ebe ju I s l e t , Nar. 9, Fosberg;
&f&3JJ 34LOr7b; Bock I s l e t , Feb. 17-20, Fosberg Y&&. Lae Atoll: Lae
I s l e t , Jan. 6-7, Fos'oer~
-
3L001, 31+002b, 34017b. Ujelmg Atoll: Raej I s l e t , Feb.5,
Fosbera 34155b, 34156b,&lJ& 3L160b; Kiloken I s l e t , Feb.5,
Fosberg 34162.
Distribution: India, ~Pialaysia, Philiupines, P a c i f i c I s l a n d s t o Hawaii
-
Marshalls (Rongerik, Qonqelap, Bikini, k i w e t o k(51,
Arno (2) ).
This moss i s very comnlon and widespread i n t r o p i c a l P a c i f i c Oceania.
The known d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e i&>.rshall Islands i s s h o w n on f i g u r e 1.
C a h o e r e s tenerum has b e e n , c o l l e c t e d on every a t o l l i n t h e Marshalls . . which has r e c e n t l y been explored b r ~ o l o g i c , z l l y although Stone (4) did. not f i n d it' on Brno aml t h e Horwitz c o l l e c t i o n from t h e r e was slrall (2).
Splachnobr,yum indicum C. Mull. Linnaea 37:174. I1 1871-73.
Wotho Atoll: Wotho I s l e t , Feb. 14, E'osberg 34257b.
Distribution: India, Java, Philippines ( ? )
,
Marshalls (Arno ( 2 ) ) . This c o l l e c t i o n , a s t h e previous one from xrno (S), c o n s i s t s of s c a t t e r e d p l a n t s growing among o t h e r nosses-in t h i s case Dryun n i t e n s .n i t e n s Hook, i n Vall. Cat. n. 7592 e t icon. . p l , . r a r . t
.
20, f i g . 6. 1837.Ailuk Atoll: Ailuk I s l e t , Dec. 28, Fosber~! 339Cl. Likiep Atoll:
Likiep I s l e t , Dec. 12, Fosber: 33779, 33781; Lado I s l e t , Dec. 14, Fosberg 3.3817, 33827. Wotho n t o l l : Wotho I s l e t , Feb.
a,
Fosberg 34257a. Ujae- -
Atoll:' Ujae I s l e t , Feb. 21, Fosberg 34376. Lie Atoll: Lae I s l e t , Jan. '10,
Fosberq
M .
Distribution: Nepal, Ceylon, Java, ~ a l i , ' F i j i , Marshalls (Arno (2)
1.
~ e l e k i u m velatum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. Rot. (1869) 176.
Ujelang Atoll: Ujelang I s l e t , Feb. 7, Fosberg 34299.
Distributi.on: Xalay Peninsula, Siam, Pialaysia, P a c i f i c Islands t o Samoa ( 1 ) .
New t o t h e Marshall Islands. ?eleltiurn velaturn i s comon i n t h e Philippines and provides f u r t h e r evidence t h a t t h e brgophyte f l o r a of t h e l k r s h a l l s must have originated t h e r e . It has not, t o
my
knowledge, been reported from t h e Carclines but I should not be surprised t o l e a r n t h a t it does e x i s t t h e r e .Ectropothecium sandvichense (flook. O Am.) Kitt. i n Seeinan, F'1. V i t . , p. 400. f i g . 185. 1873.
Ujae Atoll: Bock I s l e t , Feb. 17-20, Fosberg 34340, 34364, 34365;
Enelamoj I s l e t , a . 9, psb'
u.
Lae Atoll: Lae I s l e t , Jan. 7, Fosberg 34015, 34023; Loj I s l e t , Jan. 8, Fosberp: 34049.Distribution: Australia, New Zealand, P a c i f i c Islands t o Hawaii.
This moss has been previously reported from Arno by Stone (4) and by i E l l e r and Doty (2). The l a t t e r reported it a s
E.
monumentorurn, a c l o s e l y r e l a t e d species with s i m i l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n . '. .
LIVERkIORTS (HEPATICAE) '.. '
Lopholeejeeunea subfusca (Kees) Steph. Spec. Hep. V:86. 1912.
.
Ujae Atoll: ~ j a e I s l e t , Feb. 16,. Fosberg 34375a.Distribution:, . Indomalaya and Oceania.
~ o p h o ~ e , j & e a ' s u b f u s c a was f i r s t reported from t h e Marshall I s l a n d s by Stephani (3) who d e s c r i b e d . i t a s a new species,
L.
finschiana, apparently based on a - c o l l e c t i o n from J a l u i t Atoll. Stone (4) reported t h i s h e p a t i c from Arno.Archilejeunea mariana ( ~ o t t . ) 3teph. Spec. Hep. IV:729. 1911.
:.~j&. Atoll: Ujie' I s l e t ,
G.
16,. Fosberg 34375c, ---Feb. 20, Fosberg ---Mar. 9, Fos'berrt 31&02a; Bock I s l e t , Feb. 17-20, Fosberq3&3& 3.4367;
%eju I s l e t , Thr. 9, Fosberg 3L403aJw.
Lae Atoll:Lae I s l e t , Jan. 7, Ujelang Atoll: Raej
Distribution: Indomalaya and Oceania.
New t o t h e Marshall Islands. Archilejeunea mariana i s a very wide- spread species i n Oceania and f i t s well i n t o t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n p a t t e r n s of bryophytes knom from t h e Marshalls.
Hygrolejeunea v e s i c a t a (Ftitt .) Steph. Sp. Hep. V: 572. 19&.
'dotho Atoll: Ti!otho I s l e t , Feb. 13, Fosberg 34247, 34253b. Ujae Atoll:
Bock I s l e t , Feb. 17-20, Fosberp: 34325b. Lae Atoll: Lae I s l e t , Jan. 6 Fosberg 34002a.
Distribution: Samoa.
Stone (4) reported t h i s plant from Arno a s "Le,ieunea sp., (subgenus
~ h e i l o l e . i e u n e a ) . " I have compared S t c n e t s m a t e r i a l with t h e t y p e of Lejeunea v e s i c a t a 1-iitten and f i n d t h e m a t e r i a l inseparable except f o r a minor s i z e v a r i a t i o n . The plant probably does belong i n Cheilokieunea
but f u r t h e r study seems d e s i r a b l e a t t h i s point.
Lejeunea spp.
Ujae Atoll: Ujae I s l e t , Feb. 16, Fosberg 34375b--Mar. 9, Fosberg
; Bock I s l e t , Feb. 19-20, Fosberg 2L&?.5a. Ebeju I s l e t , Mar. 9,
- 9
Fosberg 34407a, 31@8
-.
Distribution: Worldwide.
A l l of t h e c o l l e c t i o n s c i t e d above belong i n t h e
--
Schizostipae, an extremely l a r g e and poorly understood group of h e p a t i c ~ . Three species a r e represented i n t h e above c o l l e c t i o n s but t h e y a r e almost uniformly s t e r i l e and it seems impossible, f o r t h e present a t l e a s t , t o even place them i n t h e correct segregate genera of Le.ieunea.1. Bartram, E. B. 1939. Mosses of t h e Philippines, Philipp. Journ.
Sci. 68:l-423, 29 p l a t e s .
2. Miller, H. A. and M. S. Doty 1953. Eryophytes from Arno Atoll, Harshall Islands. A t o l l he:. 3ull. 25:l-10,
7
f i g s .t
3.
Stephani, F. 1900-24. Species Hepaticarum. 6 Vols. Geneva.4. Stone, E. L., Jr. 1951. S o i l s of Arno Atoll, P a r s h a l l I s l a n d s ( ~ p p e n d i x D)
.
A t o l l Res. d u l l . 5: 56.5. Taylor,
W.
R. 1950. P l a z t s of Bikini. 218 pp., 78 p l a t e s . Univ.of E c h . Press, Ann'Arbor, hichigan.
Known distribution of CALYMPERES T E N E R U M
in the MARSHALL ISLANDS.
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