METAPHOR ANALYSIS IN LOST STARS BY ADAM LEVINE

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METAPHOR ANALYSIS IN LOST STARS BY ADAM LEVINE

Minchatul Maoula¹*, Marudut Bernadtua Simanjuntak², Jumalintong Sihombing³

12 IPB University ³ Betbesda Collage

123 Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

minchatulmaoula@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract

Many humans often spend time on this earth, wasting valuable opportunities that should belong to these humans lost in ambition to miss the most beautiful parts of their lives. Regret asking for it back will not be able only to repair the part of the remnants of life that he has is the best option. This study aim to realize that life is not only about your ambitions. This research is descriptive qualitative and analyzes the metaphorical lyrics contained in the song section. The study results show that the lyrics in the song lost stars by Adam Levine have many lyrics that use untruthful sentences and parables. From the metaphor used, it can be seen that when an arrow asks for its return, it is the same as someone who has been together for a long time, but one of them gives up. So the song Lost Stars is expected to give meaning to the journey of life.

Keywords: Lost Stars, Metaphor, analysis, music, life

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INTRODUCTION

Music is a universal language and is a tool for communication and is also used to express ideas, thoughts, desires, and feelings.

Music from a psychological perspective has a broad meaning showing asynchronous methods in building self-actualization (Ji, Q., Janicke- Bowles et al, 2021) . Every behavior or attitude in expressing something comes from mentality, ideas, and emotions. Besides being used to convey feelings, music can also be a creator in self-actualization as one of the needs that individuals must meet. Metaphor in linguistics is highlighted through a semantic approach because the discussion of metaphor as a style of language caused by changes in meaning is inevitably always related to its meaning and intricacies, and all of them are under the umbrella of one of the fields of linguistics, namely semantics. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies language (Numonjonovna, S. N., & Akramovna, T. N, 2021).

Semantic studies discuss the meaning of language or the meaning of language. In linguistics, metaphor belongs to the field of semantics (Bolognesi, M., & Aina, L., 2019).

The application of meaning in metaphors is different from applying meaning to words with referential meaning. In a differential word, meaning results from the abstraction of essential characteristics and a designated reference, but in metaphor, the reference of a word sometimes deviates from the meaning in question (Steen, G., Dorst et al, 2019). In linguistics, the study of metaphors found in literature is indeed worthy

of discussion; the word multi-interpretation used in literary works is often debated. Linguistics, which means the study of language. The equivalent words are league in Spanish, Linguistique in French, and linguistics in Dutch, derived from the Latin lingua, namely langue and language with different meanings (Kortmann, B, 2020). Langue means a certain language, such as English, Javanese, or French.

Linguistics develops following the complexity of the object or material being studied. On the other hand, the study of this language is also open to influences and approaches with other sciences. Therefore, linguistics has branches of science in its development, each of which concentrates on the type of object and study approach being studied. The study of linguistics is divided into two main fields, namely microlinguistics and macro linguistics.

Microlinguistics is a field of linguistics that studies language in a narrow sense, namely language in its position as an independent natural phenomenon. Microlinguistics directs its study to the internal structure of a particular language or in general. Thus, microlinguistics studies language directly, namely on aspects of the language's properties, structure, and workings (Nahdoh, W., et al, 2019).

This happens because language is a medium of interaction used by humans; humans express their feelings, desires, and opinions a lot. Likewise, language can also be said as a medium that can be used by humans to express or express feelings and aspirations in humans themselves. Metaphor is divided into four types.

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First, the metaphor with anthropomorphic images is a universal phenomenon. Language users want to compare the similarity of the experience with what is in themselves or their bodies. Second, metaphors with animal images or animal metaphors are the habits of language users to describe a condition or reality in language users' experience. Metaphors with animal elements tend to be applied to plants as well. Third, metaphors have abstract to concrete images, which is one of the main tendencies in metaphors is to shift abstract expressions to more concrete expressions often the transfer of these expressions is still transparent, but in some cases, etymological investigations need to be considered to understand certain metaphors.

Fourth, the metaphor has the image of synesthesia, which is one type of metaphor based on the transfer of the senses from one sense to another (Heinonen, S.,et al, 2017).

Many literary works are found that contain feelings and expressions that the author feels in various ways. The meaning in each language, as outlined in work, also has various meanings; in literary, scientific works, the translation of meaning is very vital; the meaning is presented to understand and study meaning, stories, literature, and diversity from various points of view. Curiosity to know the nature of language and art began to emerge after seeing the diversity of knowledge about literature as outlined in scientific works. The literary substance is brought through knowledge; then, the translator will translate and describe scientific works by producing paraphrases in

harmony with the actual meaning. The author will not just rearrange the text but also describe and explain the true meaning contained in the literary work. Language translation begins to be carried out from the first language to the delivery language so that the translator can convey meaning, describe, and produce the translation's substance. Translation studies must be related to meaning, substance, ethics, and aesthetics. In general, metaphors are expressions that harmonize the living with other living, or expressions that live for the meaning of the dead and vice versa, or the dead are aligned with the other dead. Metaphor is a manifestation of the creative power of language in the application of meaning. It means that according to certain familiar words and the similarity or similarity of the referents, language can give a new symbol in particular referents. Whether the further reference already has a character or not.

Metaphors are broken down into several parts, namely anthropomorphic metaphors, namely metaphors related to humans, in the form of human elements or traits that imitate human behavior. The use of metaphors is poured into the structure of literary works, for example, in song lyrics. Song lyrics are an arrangement of terms for a song that contains an outpouring of personal feelings. The author created the song's lyrics to express what is felt, seen, and experienced in society (Windle, E., et al, 2020).

Metaphors are variations of the style of language used by someone, but not only as a style of language, but metaphor can also be

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interpreted as a form of one's freedom in determining the philosophy of a word or sentence that is formed from limitations in expressing one's thoughts about ideas, objects, and qualities. In the song's lyrics, many writers express ideas and variations of words that have no real meaning or can be said to be figurative words. In each lyric stanza presented by the author, many feelings tend to be emotional and evoke memories of someone who has felt or been through the story that happened in the song; thus, there are many songs with special meanings in the language engravings of the song. Inside, the meaning in the lyrics of a song needs to be studied by the basics and morals of the song. In translation, art and language skills are needed so that the meaning explained by the author still has unique words but is easy to understand. Understanding the language of each song's lyrics has emotional value. Imaginative values in songs are also often used as selling power for both listeners; imaginative values on a song itself can be constructed through the use of topological terms in the song's lyrics.

Understanding the lyrics combined with metaphorical words in each song's lyrics can make the listener feel the meaning know the object and purpose of the song. The listener's imaginative feelings can be formed in metamorphic rules. There are so many tropical language styles in each song marked by the movement from one place to another. The transfer of the meaning of an expression to another form of expression is based on the similarity of the results of a comparison process.

The word tropical itself is used to make it easy to understand, guess, and consume the listener.

In the song's lyrics owned by Adam Levine, there are many words that present meanings that are not true or figurative. The figure of speech in the language itself can be used as a criticism, an idea, or a feeling, in an allegory contained in awakening the memory of the listener.

Memory is the power of the human soul to receive, store, and reproduce impressions, meanings, or responses.The ability to learn (in a broad sense) is primarily determined by powerremember what you have. Without memory, we cannot communicate.

Powerlessretain we cannot know ourselves or others well.The habit of listening to music can help improve memory or memory skills. Music can be a vehicle to increase one's passion for memory. Rhythmic stimulation from music can also improve language skills, increase creativity, and increase concentration and memory (Thompson, W. F., & Schlaug, G, 2015). The memory generated by the song verses will involve the surrounding environment with the help of an approach through the sociology of literature. Basically, sociology is a process of studying social objects about humans and their interactions as study material that can be described. With this sociology of literature, literary works can give a more profound emotional feeling to the listeners. This can be realized when the presenter of literary works makes his work based on common problems so that many listeners feel that they have experienced the events contained in the literary

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work; it will also add to the listener's emotionality when the memories that have been passed rise again together Memories that arise because of references from external factors that are heard again. As explained by the previous author, it can be concluded that there are many songs in which there is a mixture of the natural world or just a supposition that can evoke memories or memories of the past that the

listener has so that when these memories will cause the emotional and auditory appeal to the listener. A rich literature in the form of songs and even then increased. So that in the end, it can be said that the lyrics of the song are stanzas that contain many metaphorical expressions, which can be further studied, which makes the writer interested in studying the metaphors in song lyrics.

METHOD

The descriptive method is one of the methods in research related to the status of a group of people, objects, conditions, systems of thought, or a class of events at this time. This descriptive study aim to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description of facts, characteristics, and relationships between the phenomena investigated (Checkland, P., &

Poulter, J, 2020). Furthermore, the qualitative research method is a research method based on the philosophy of postpositivism, which is used to examine the condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the main instrument using the data collection technique is carried out in a combined manner, qualitative the data analysis, and the results of qualitative research emphasize the meaning of generalizations.

(Carminati, L, 2018). So it can be concluded that descriptive qualitative research is research that can describe the status of a group of people, objects, conditions, thought systems, or a class of events at this time in a systematic, factual, and accurate natural manner, where the researcher is positioned as a critical instrument, which emphasizes more on the meaning of

generalization. This observation uses descriptive qualitative techniques, namely research that aim to understand the phenomena experienced by the author's subject in absolute terms and the form of words and language, in a special relationship with a natural context by utilizing various methods. The author chose this type of descriptive qualitative research because the data analyzed and produced were in the form of words and sentences, not in the form of numbers. The object of this writing is the use of metaphors in the lyrics of Lost Stars sung by Adam Levine. The data and sources used in this paper are in the form of an exploration engine as the overall medium used as a scientific step to find a solution to the problems that occur. In this paper, qualitative exploration techniques are used, which aim to get a complete picture of a matter according to the researcher's view.

Qualitative exploration uses the creativity and thinking possessed by researchers to connect the phenomena that occur to the solutions found.

Qualitative exploration is generally designed and based on experience. The system used in this qualitative exploration is literature study and descriptive qualitative evaluation. The

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information is taken from the song " Lost Stars "

written by Adam Levine. The song to consider has many metaphorical sentences to study. The research steps carried out were the translation of music lyrics into Indonesian, evaluation of the meaning of the lyrics, and examples of meaning.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results

The research results at the analysis stage were carried out using the lyrics of the song

"LOST STARS" written by Adam Levine. The analysis stage carried out is the translation of song lyrics into the primary language, namely Indonesian. Then in the discussion, studies and descriptions will be given to improve the translation.

First stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics :

Please, don't see

Just a boy caught up in dreams and fantasies

Please, see me

Reaching out for someone I can't see Translation:

Tolong, jangan lihat

Hanya seorang anak laki-laki yang terperangkap dalam mimpi dan fantasi

Tolong, lihat aku

Menjangkau seseorang yang tidak bisa kulihat

Second stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : Take my hand

Let's see where we wake up tomorrow

Best laid plans

Sometimes are just a one night stand I'll be damned

Translation:

Pegang tanganku

Mari kita lihat di mana kita bangun besok Rencana terbaik

Terkadang hanya one night stand Aku akan terkutuk

Third stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : Cupid's demanding back his arrow So let's get drunk on our tears And, God, tell us the reason Youth is wasted on the young

It's hunting season and the lambs are on the run

Translation:

Cupid menuntut kembali panahnya Jadi mari kita mabuk dengan air mata kita Dan, Tuhan, beri tahu kami alasannya Masa muda disia-siakan pada yang muda

Ini musim berburu dan domba-domba dalam pelarian

. Fourth stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : Searching for meaning

But are we all lost stars Trying to light up the dark?

Who are we?

Just a speck of dust within the galaxy W oe is me

Translation:

Mencari arti

Tapi apakah kita semua kehilangan bintang Mencoba menerangi kegelapan?

Siapa kita?

Hanya setitik debu di dalam galaksi Celakalah aku

Fifth stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : If we're not careful turns into reality Don't you dare let our best memories bring you sorrow

Yesterday I saw a lion kiss a deer

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Turn the page

Maybe we'll find a brand new ending Translation:

Jika kita tidak hati-hati berubah menjadi kenyataan

Jangan berani-beraninya membiarkan kenangan terbaik kita membawamu kesedihan

Kemarin aku melihat singa mencium rusa Balik halaman

Mungkin kita akan menemukan akhir yang baru

Sixth stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : Where we're dancing in our tears And, God, tell us the reason Youth is wasted on the young It's hunting season

And the lambs are on the run Translation:

Dimana kita menari dalam air mata kita Dan, Tuhan, beri tahu kami alasannya Masa muda disia-siakan pada yang muda Ini musim berburu

Dan domba-domba itu dalam pelarian

Seventh stanza- LOST STARS Lyrics : Searching for meaning

But are we all lost stars Trying to light up the dark?

Translation:

Mencari arti

Tapi apakah kita semua kehilangan bintang Mencoba menerangi kegelapan?

Eighth stanza- LOST STARS Lyrics :

And I thought I saw you out there crying

And I thought I heard you call my name

And I thought I heard you out there crying

Translation:

Dan kupikir aku melihatmu di luar sana menangis

Dan ku pikir aku mendengar mu memanggil namaku

Dan kupikir aku mendengarmu menangis di luar sana

Ninth stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : Just the same

Oh yeah, yeah yeah yeah yeah God, give us the reason Youth is wasted on the young

It's hunting season and this lamb is on the run

Translation:

Sama saja

Oh ya, ya ya ya ya

Tuhan, beri kami alasannya

Masa muda disia-siakan pada yang muda

Ini musim berburu dan domba ini dalam pelarian

Tenth stanza - LOST STARS Lyrics : But are we all lost stars Trying to light up the dark?

But are we all lost stars Trying to light up the dark?

Translation:

Tapi apakah kita semua kehilangan bintang?

Mencoba menerangi kegelapan?

Tapi apakah kita semua kehilangan bintang?

Mencoba menerangi kegelapan?

Discussion

The song tells about someone who is contemplating in silence. He thinks and realizes that he has missed his youth because of his

ambition. The sentence stated at the beginning of the song reads, "just a boy caught up in dreams and fantasies" the lyrics are clearly illustrated that he is just a man who is immersed

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in his dreams, but without realizing that the man has matured at a young age. He didn't feel and enjoy his youth which should be a part of the fun, and in the end, because he had spent his youth, he didn't have any friends to share even the success he had become meaningless. Cupid's in the lyrics of "Cupid's demanding back his arrow" describes a relationship that can no longer be repaired cupid's means; a relationship and demanding back his arrow is defined as asking for his arrow back so it can be concluded when someone is busy and neglects his youth that's where someone has been with him from the beginning asked to separate, asking for feelings that had been given to the man who had a strong desire.

Then when the man had got his success, he realized in the lyrics "Who are we? Just a speck of dust within the galaxy" that at least he still needs friends in his life because, when that guy was successful then, he just realized that no matter how successful he is, he is still an ordinary human being even just a speck of dust in this galaxy, then in the following lyrics "woe is me" The man also labeled himself as a failed human being, because he was only successful in his world until he forgot the people around him who always accompanied him. Still, in the lyrics of "If we're not careful turns into reality," the man realizes that he has not failed. Fully, he still has time to change, but if he doesn't use it properly and carefully, then he will indeed fail as a human being. But on the other hand, he sees a lion kissing a deer, then he asks for the part of his life that he forgot before, and he hopes that if

he can come back, maybe he will have a different ending this is revealed in the lyrics of

"Yesterday I saw a lion kiss a deer turn the page maybe we'll find a brand new ending." But when he realized that time of life could not be returned, he said that the humans who are on earth today are lost stars who are trying to light up the dark path they are on; this is stated in the lyrics, "But are we all lost stars. Trying to light up the dark? ". And in the end, the man only took the best path from the few remaining life stories he still had; he would choose the best path that could be taken.

In the description of the male character in the song, it is described that even a successful human, if he goes through the parts that should be the best story in his life, will regret it because time cannot be repeated everything he loves disappears, broken relationships and lost friends.

Everything cannot be returned to him when everything is gone. He can only reflect and think that he is a failed human being, but when that thought arises, there is hope. He still has hope even though if he doesn't use that last chance properly, then he will truly become a lost star in the world, a dark world, and only himself can help him find a solution to the darkness he feels.

Metamorphic sentences in this song, the implied words give so many meanings in their meaning.

They understand that this song takes time and repetition, which time and again, remembering words that seem meaningless to become so meaningful. Several sentences are examples of presuppositions that do not mean their true meaning, things that are impossible to happen

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will never happen, as well as the past that is asked by the male character when he realizes that his life is empty, his past life cannot be given back like the lion's impossible kissing the deer.

CONCLUSION

The metamorphosis analysis on the song lost stars produces meaningful sentences that make a song and literary lovers understand the image referred to in the song. This song is not just a verse containing sentences but a song full of meaning, message, and essence. The literary work is why the song was created as a form of warning to every human being who is ambitious to pursue his dream without seeing the environment around him; he will feel lonely when the dream he wants has been achieved.

The morphic analysis shows a picture of a lost star and how the star is trying to repair it, which is expected to be a reference for the journey of life, literature, and of course, language research.

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