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MINI RESEARCH
“ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EVALUATION THEORY IN TRANSLATION”
Lecture:
Dr. Masito Warni Siregar, M.Ed
Name :1. Febiola Mida.R. sihombing (2193121005) 2. Kristina Lumban Gaol (2191121006) 3. Marcella Simbolon (2192421009) 4. Dian Hidayati (2193321020)
Class : Dik 2019 C
Subject : Translation as Profession
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF
LANGUAGES AND ARTS STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2021
PREFACE
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First of all, the writers want to send the biggest gratitude to almighty God, for giving strength and opportunity to finish this assignment timely. The writer would like to say thank you to Ma’am Dr. Masito Warni Siregar, M.Ed as the lecturers that always teaches and give much knowledge about how to practice English well especially in “Translation as profession” subject.
This assignment is the one of English task that composed of Mini Research. The writers realized this assignment is not perfect, therefore, the writer hopes that it can be useful. Criticism and suggestion are needed here to make this assignment be better. Hopefully, as a student in State University of Medan can be able to implement the knowledge as the part of learning especially in writing. Thank you.
Desember,2021
writers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii Contents
PREFACE ... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iii
CHAPTER I ... 1
INTRODUCTION ... 1
Background of Study ... 1
Identification of the problem ... 1
Objectives of the Research ... 2
Limitation of the study ... 2
CHAPTER II ... 3
LITERATURE RIVIEW ... 3
The Definition of Translation……….3
Teory of translation...4
CHAPTER III ...4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...5
Methodology of research ...5
Object of research ...5
Population Sample ...5
Instrument of the study ...5
The steps of the research ...6
The Technique of Collecting Data ...6
CHAPTER IV ...6
RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ...7
Result of Research ...7
iv
Conclusion ...10 REFERENCE...11
5 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
Translation has always been the core of the controversies on whether it can be a valid and effective tool in English learning process. Until recently, translation was out of favor with the language teaching community. Translation as a language learning activity was considered as being unsuitable within the context of foreign language learning (Brown, 2002). It was criticized because of the close association with traditional grammar translation. Even today translation is often regarded as some kind of mechanical linguistic transfer of meaning from one language to another. It is still ignored as a useful language learning tool because of being not a communicative activity that is not suited to the general needs of the language learner. Translation is considered as time- consuming, boring, and irrelevant. However, in the last few decades there has been an increasing interest in the translation practice in the foreign language classroom. Recently foreign language teachers have been reviving the use of translation for different learning purposes.
It was observed that translation activity could be used for pedagogical purposes along with other traditional language teaching activities. Reading, grammar exercises, translation — “are in fact perceived by learners to be conductive to learning” (McDonough, 2002, p.409). The present study grew out of a long-term teaching practice and it was observed that translation as a method applied to language teaching practice induces deeper insight into the meaningful contents of the material to be taught. The problem discussed in the paper is the relevance of translation for enhancing foreign language skills. The present article aims to prove that translation is a valid method for language practice and improvement. The objectives of the paper are, firstly, to describe the translation activities which raise students’ awareness of language use and, secondly, to examine the usefulness of translation in learning English. The methods of the study are overview of the theoretical background, analysis of translation activities in the language classroom, and analysis of the results of the survey.
6 1. Identification of the problem
Based on the background description above, the problems to be examined in this research are as follows:
1. What is the accuracy of translation ? 2. What is the quality of translation?
3. How the naturalnes of the translation product?
Objectives of the Research This research aims to:
1. To know kinds of theory of evaluation in translation 2. To determine where is the good translation product 3. To analyze the translation product
4. To increase the skill of evaluating the translation products
Limitation of the study
On this paper, researchers conducted remote research and limited the problems in this study as follows:
1. The research subject is the translation products of some students, which is a way that is actively used in English Classroom
2. The object of research is the ability of the students in evaluating
3. The instrument used in this study was evaluating research where the focus is to evaluate something (product) in translation
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
The Definition of Translation
According to Brislin (1976: 1) translation is a general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language to another, whether the language is in written or oral form, whether the languages have established orthographies or not; or whether one or both languages is based on signs.
Translation Studies is a field of study that deals with the theory, description, and application of translation. Because it examines translation both as an interlingual transfer, and as an intercultural communication, Translation Studies can also be described as an inter-discipline which touches on other diverse fields of knowledge, including comparative literature, cultural studies, gender studies, computer science, history, linguistics, philosophy, rhetoric, and semiotics.
The skills of translation are becoming ever more important and desirable. Today’s multicultural and multilingual society demands effective, efficient, and empathetic communication between languages and culture and of course it is need in the scope of education.
We can conclude how important study about translation in English Language Teaching.
Translation enables effective communication between people around the world. It is a courier for the transmission of knowledge, a protector of cultural heritage, and essential to the development of a global economy. Highly skilled translators are key. Translation Studies helps practitioners develop those skills.
The Evaluation Theory in Translation
Evaluating in Translation
The evaluation process is the most important thing in transferring the source language to the target language in order to make the translation results better. In the evaluation process, there are several things that become criteria for the quality of the translation results by requiring various points as stages in the evaluation process in the translation process.
1. Accuracy
Accuracy is a freedom from mistake or error. Webster’s Dictionary, 1973: 5.
Accuracy is the most important criterion in translation to produce quality translation. It is related to the correctness of transferring the message. A translation can be considered as an accurate translation if the message is conveyed to the target language correctly. A translation that losses some messages or has got more messages than the source language, cannot be called quality translation. Accuracy has a close relation to the equivalence. To get a quality translation, a translator should try to transfer all messages of source language to target language equivalently. A translation also should conform with norm and culture because it will be able to be accepted by the readers. A translation that does not conform with norm and culture will be refused by the readers. A translation can be acceptable if it is read as an original text in target language and sound natural for the target readers. Bell 1991: 90 states that the target text must be intended to be a text and accepted as such in order to be utilized in communicative interaction.
2. Readability
Readability refers to how easy a text canbe read and understood by the readers.
Larson (1984:490-501) has defined Readability test as an activity to ensure whether the meaning of translated text can be understood. A text with a higher readability is easier to read than a lower one and vice versa. Readability test can be done by asking someone to read a part of translated text loudly. If she/he stops and reread a sentence, it means that there is a readability problem on the translated text. A text is readable because it is good writing, which is it has pleasing style, a good rhythm, and move along at an acceptable pace. Added by Nababan in Pelawi that factors affectsreadability of atranslated text arethe use of foreign words and vernacular, the use of ambiguous words and sentences, the use of incomplete sentences and the mindset which is not coherent.
3. Naturalness
Besides accuracy and clarity, in translation, the naturalness is also important thing that must be considered by the translator. It is because, if the translator already translates the SL accurately and clearly but the sentence of the TL sounds awkward and unnatural, it will make the reader difficult to understand the information of the text. In that case, the translator should be able to choose the appropriate word which has the closest meaning with the original text.
According to Larson’s criteria of the naturalness of translation, a highly natural category is should has an equivalent meaning between the TL and SL. Besides, a highly natural translation is also should make senses when it is read by the reader. Naturalness represents a real challenge for both novice and professional translators. It is evident that culture, language norms and the reader feedback to a translation are determinant features of naturalness for a translation.
Being familiar with both source and target culture, enables translator to infer some implied information, i.e. culture specific bound terms. Based on the foregoing information, it is significant to stress that the influence of culture on translation’s naturalness is undeniable. Different translation procedures to achieve naturalness have been presented.
Overall, it should be noted that translators do not always use the same strategy to achieve
naturalness.Those parts of translation seem unnatural can be treated through different strategies such adjustments. Shift of translation are the most common techniques.
Shift, as its denotative meaning refers, causes changes in different
translation levels. Having briefly discussed shifts’ analysis in this respect, is a way of influencing the system of norms which are dominant on translation process (Hatim and Munday 2004).
The goal of natural equivalence is to communicate as much of the source text as possible in a way that is useable for the type of readers that the original author targeted.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methodology of research
The research method has the definition as a strategy that used to implement the plan to the research. The aim is to make the research becomes good related to the statement said that good research design ensures that the data you obtain will help you answer your research question more effectively. So in our research, we used an evaluating research where we will find some translation product in students (varsity) and then analyze that by relating all the products to the theory that has been explained before this chapter. The next step is to make the conclusion from the analysis and explain that in briefly. Calculate the results of the research and turn them into the conclusions of further research. For additional information, we choose to take the translation product from our friends to make it easier.
Object of research
The object of this research is to analyze the translation product and to see how the theory implementing in the process of translating language.
Population Sample
The research that we conducted was aimed student in class English Education C 2019 especially group 4.
How to analyze
1. Prepare epidemiology text that should be translated
2. Analyze those text using this table (Assessment Rubric of Translation Product )
Assessment Rubric of Translation Product (1)
Direction: Put a check mark (√) in the appropriate box for each row to assess the translation product!
No. Aspect Description Score 4 3 2 1 1. Accuracy No important/significant information is
missing in the target language.
√
2. Readability
a. The translation is easily comprehensible and well written.
√ b. The grammar follows the common rules of
the target language.
√ c. The diction used is suitable with the context
of the target language.
√ d. The spellings and punctuations are
correctly used.
√ e. Spaces between lines are enough. √ 3. Naturalness
a. The language in general is culturally appropriate for the target language readers.
√
b. In general, the rules of TL are applied (whether in formal or informal contexts)
√
Score Obtained 26
3. Using this formula to calculate the result Score of the product: 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟� 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛��
x 100=
26
4. Make the conclusion through explaining the table broadly.
To collect the data the researcher applied three instruments to elicit friend’s naturalness, accuracy, and communicative in translating transactional text. The first instrument is document by the translation test. The reason why the researchers used a test as instrument was that through translation the friends create their translation work. So it would be easier
for the researcher to analyze and classify the data. The friends assigned to translate the transactional story.
3.4.1The steps of the research
1. Preparing some translation product from groups 4
2. Preparing the theory become basic to the analysis that will be done 3. Analysis the translation product one by one
4. Making the table result from the analysis 5. Making the conclusion from the data we get
3.5 Type of Research
Type of research that we choose is evaluating product relating to the theory and then looking at some product and then analyze that and make it become a conclusion that actually has a benefit to increase the evaluating skill in translation. It means that we using quantitative research that is heavily dependent on the experience of the researchers by an analysis.
CHAPTER IV
RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
Result of Research
Analyze the Implementation of Evaluation Theory in Translation (Translating Transactional Text)
1. THE TEXT
SL TL
Assessment Rubric of Translation Product (1)
Direction: Put a check mark (√) in the appropriate box for each row to assess the translation product!
Score
No. Aspect Description 4 3 2 1 1. Accuracy No important/significant information is
missing in the target language.
√
2. Readability a. The translation is easily comprehensible and well written.
√ b. The grammar follows the common rules of
the target language.
√ c. The diction used is suitable with the context
of the target language.
√ d. The spellings and punctuations are correctly
used.
√ e. Spaces between lines are enough. √ 3. Naturalness b. The language in general is culturally
appropriate for the target language readers.
√
b. In general, the rules of TL are applied (whether in formal or informal contexts)
√
Score Obtained 26
Score of the product: 26/26x 100= 100
1. Accuracy
Group 4 has translated the text accurately since there is No important/significant information is missing in the target language. So the researcher gave 4 score for the accuracy.
2. Readibility
Group 4 has made a quite readable translation. It can be seen from these aspect where:
The translation is easily comprehensible and well written, The grammar follows the common
rules of the target language, The diction used is suitable with the context of the target language, The spellings and punctuations are correctly used and Spaces between lines are enough.
3. Naturalness
Group 4 made a quite natural translation though some of the sentence still translated unnaturally. Almost all the sentences and expressions are translated naturally especially this text is intended to children. They already use the understandable words so the children would not be confused when they are reading this text. The language in general is culturally appropriate for the target language readers
Conclusion
Translation was a significant part of English language teaching with the arrival and then total dominance of communicative methodologies, translation was quickly consigned to the past, along with other ‘traditional' tools such as dictation, reading aloud and drills. We can conclude how important study about translation in English Language Teaching. Translation enables effective communication between people around the world.
It is a courier for the transmission of knowledge, a protector of cultural heritage, and essential to the development of a global economy. Highly skilled translators are key.
Translation Studies helps practitioners develop those skills. Like the result, it proved that there are still the difficulties to make the translation product become natural
REFERENCE
Accuracy Acceptability Readability Translation Quality, April 29, 2021. 17: 53 Acceded from: https://text-id.123dok.com/document/oy86r2m4q-accuracy- acceptability- readability-translation-quality.html
