Nur Kholiq1, Maman Surahman1, and Hariyo Tabah Wibisono2
1. Meru Betiri National Park, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
2. SINTAS Indonesia Foundation, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
3
Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP, 526 km2) is a conservation area located in Jember and
Banyuwangi Regencies, East Java, Indonesia.
Among only three protected areas in Java which can hold a viable Javan leopard population.
A robust monitoring on the status of Javan leopard population is, therefore, vital as a
baseline for effective conservation intervention.
INTRODUCTION
3
MATERIALS AND METHODS
STUDY AREA
- Purpose : Population monitoring
- Objective : Current status of flagship species
- Output : Reliable data and information - Outcome : Trend of population size and
density
OBJECTIVE
SITE MONITORING MAP 2020
- 200 Square km site monitoring - 52 grid (2x2 km)
SITE MONITORING MAP BETWEEN 2017-2019
1 Ekor
SIGNS IDENTIFICATION INDIVIDU
IDENTIFICATION
2 Ekor 2 Ekor 6 Ekor (5+1)
15 Ekor (10+5)
Keterangan : Data CT including other animals and prey
2017 2016
2015
2014 2018 2019
12 Ekor (6+5+1)
2020
15 Ekor (8+7)
16 Ekor (8+8+1)
2021
THE JAVAN LEOPARD MONITORING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Analysis
Method : multi- sessions spatial capture
recapture(1). Capture, (2). Trapping Array,
(3). Habitat Mask
WildID Versi 1.0 (Bolger et al.,
2012)
Camera Trap Used:
total 120 unit
Software Used :
1.R-Studio-1.3.1093
2.The R package secr 4.1.0 3.Wild-ID Version 1.0.0
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 2017 & 2019, we conducted annual surveys using camera traps in 32 stations in various but comparable densities & spatial coverages.
In 2020, we established a monitoring site consisting of 52 stations, with a density of one station per 2 by 2 km grid cells.
A pair of camera traps were installed in each station
DATA COLLECTION
ESTABLISHED CAMERA TRAP
STATIONS
- We Identified 22 animals (2017 - 2020)
- We estimate population size: 34 (22-53) Animals
10
ekor 11
ekor
1
Unknown
30 PREY SPECIES: Javan bull, dhole, wild boar, deer, Long-tailed macaques, lutung, mouse-deer, etc
Model detectfn npar logLik AIC AICc dAICc AICcwt
fit2 halfnormal 14 -486.1946 1000.389 1013.117 0.000 0.8624
fit4 halfnormal 15 -485.8936 1001.787 1016.787 3.670 0.1376 fit3 halfnormal 14 -495.4750 1018.950 1031.677 18.560 0.0000 fit1 halfnormal 13 -509.2418 1044.484 1055.190 42.073 0.0000
We investigated the effect of sex on the detection (g0) and movement parameters (σ) by fitting four models, including constant, σ (sex), g0 (sex), and g0 (sex) σ (sex). Evaluated using the AIC model selection, as below:
The estimated mean densities (±SD) of the best model [σ (sex)] per 100 km2 were at 4.7 (±2.0) in 2017, 5.8 (±1.8) in 2018, 6.1 (±1.8) in 2019, and 6.4 (±1.7)
In 2020, suggesting up to 34 adult individuals occupying the park.
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT RESULT
- 22 Individu (2017 s/d 2020) - Estimasi populasi 34 (22-53) Animals
30 PREY SPECIES: Javan bull, dhole, wild boar, deer, Long-
tailed macaques, lutung, mouse-deer, etc
Model detectfn npar logLik AIC AICc dAICc AICcwt
fit2 halfnormal 14 -486.1946 1000.389 1013.117 0.000 0.8624
fit4 halfnormal 15 -485.8936 1001.787 1016.787 3.670 0.1376 fit3 halfnormal 14 -495.4750 1018.950 1031.677 18.560 0.0000 fit1 halfnormal 13 -509.2418 1044.484 1055.190 42.073 0.0000
We investigated the effect of sex on the detection (g0) and movement parameters (σ) by fitting four models, including constant, σ (sex), g0 (sex), and g0 (sex) σ (sex). Evaluated using the AIC model selection, as below:
The estimated mean densities (±SD) of the best model [σ (sex)] per 100 km2 were at 4.7 (±2.0) in 2017, 5.8 (±1.8) in 2018, 6.1 (±1.8) in 2019, and 6.4 (±1.7)
In 2020, suggesting up to 34 adult individuals occupying the park.
Movement
POPULATION TREND 2017-2020
2017 2018 2019 2020
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
4.7
5.8 6.1 6.4
Mean (±95 CI) Linear (Mean (±95 CI))
Macan Tutul/100 km2
2017 2018 2019 2020
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
25.0
31.0 32.0 34.0
Estimasi Populasi Linear (Estimasi Populasi)
Populasi Macan Tutul
DENSITY TREND 2017-2020
DISCUSSIONS DISCUSSIONS
• The Javan leopard population in MBNP is in a stable condition
• We estimated density and population trends that tend to increase from 2017-2020
• We found that male moved farther than female from the activity centers.
• Male to female ratio was 1 : 2 with young individuals were detected in all sessions.
• We noted stable environmental conditions, abundant prey base, and low
anthropogenic disturbances during the field surveys.
Collective Action
Collective Awareness Sciencetific
Base
& Evidence Base
Effectiveness Recall the important role of MBNP in global Javan leopard conservation, well call for multi-stakeholder collaboration and support from international communities to strengthen Javan leopard conservation in the region.
