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FIAT LUX
Alfred, New York Vol. 60, No. 17
April 6, 1973
Editorial Board
Fxlitor-in-Chief (content)-Kathleen Horner Editor-in-Chief (production)-Cynthia Humphrey
Executive Editor-Dave Gruder Arts Editor-Joe Meigs Features Editor-Robert Carlish
News Editor-Gail Fesko Photography Editor-Stan Bucklin
Sports Editor-Fred George Advertising Manager-Diane Reynolds
Business Manager-Randy Brown Circulation Manager-Mike Burgdorf Faculty Advisor-Dr. Fran Hassencahl
Kathy Arcano Pamela Borey Kate Daly Bob Frank George Karras Peter Kinney Nate Murray
Brooks Getty Scott Gl bb8
Writers
Photographers
Barry Nisman Jon Scherer Mike Schwartz Tim Scott Wendy Stewart Tom Sweet I and Terry Inlow
Peter Kinney Ron Rothman
Editorials
Cartoonists
We Need a Vacation Now!
Notice how everyone is getting on each other's nerves lately? I doubt if there is any student who isn't well aware of the fact that we will have a minimum of ten weeks (fourteen, if you were here during Allenterm) without a vacation bv the time spring recess begins. Most schools had their vacations last week and the week before. Why not us? People are irritable, they are run down, and sickness is running rampant.
Let's face it - ten to fourteen weeks without a break is too much! People are going stir crazy.
May the administration please note this and wake up to the fact that students can not go this long without a vacation. Next year, let's have the vacation at the end of the naif semester. The extra three weeks do make a difference! Take note of when the wide-spread sickness set in; take note of the quarrels that have been taking place;
take note of how easily tempers have been flairing recently; take note of the state of the campus!
It's too late this year, but something must be done for the future. Let this grave mistake not be made again.
Meanwhile, there is only one week left before Spring Recess begins. Students, try to content yourselves with the fact that the worst part of the year is over and that vacation is near, and, above all, make a special attempt to be tolerant.
Teachers especially, have compassion for what the student body is presently going through, and try to, at least temporarily, ease off on the pressure.
We're all in the same boat right now and if we can just have a little extra compassion for one another, we may not leave for vacation with such a bad taste in our mouths.
Dave Gruder
A c t i o n . . .
Brick Server Sneezes Breakfast at the Brick ranges from good to bad and then some, but last week I asked the young lady serving food what was on the menu. At that moment she sneezed into her hand (this is common at this time of year). I asked her for French toast which she proceeded to pick up with her hand. (The same). I was served pancakes and again the food was served without utensils. I wonder how the food is p r e p a r e d ?
God Bless us, Chuck Lupi Hansel Tries Harder
John Hansel has been made aware of the situation. He does feel this should not occur and will try to make sure that it does not persist in happening. V^orkers know that doing that sort of thing is not exactly proper behavior. He's not sure, though, what he can do to make sure that the workers use utensils or plastic gloves other than to constantly remind them to ao so.
I would encourage everyone who sees something of this nature going on to bring it to the immediate attention of Dave, if you're in "the Brick, or Al if you're in Ade. Let them know what exactly happened and who did it. The only way the situation will have any chance of being cleared up is if we complain to the people who can and will do something about correcting it.
*******************************************
Keep those Questions pouring in. Write to
"Action" c/o the Fiat and drop them off at the Campus Center desk.
Dave Cruder Sidney Bernard
Production Jaclin Gitter Barb Gregory Phil St.Amand Wendy Stewart
Jay Witter Ann Zeliger
Represented by
National Educational Advertising Services, Inc.
Second Class Postage paid at Alfred, New York Opinions expressed under bylines in this newspaper are not necessarily those of the Editorial Board.
Published weekly during the school year (August-May) except during vacation periods.
Ecology Club Thanks
The Ecology Club would like to thank the following people for donating prizes to the Penny Carnival as without their generosity it would not have been possible:
In Alfred
Box of Books Ordiway Billilards Bostwick's Stacy's Barber Shop Head Hunter Hitchcock Pharmacy Collegiate Sport's Center Kampus Kave The Gallery
College Book Store Crandall's Short's Liquor Store
In Hoinell
Terry Inlow £ e f f e r S fa t h e E d 'ltOrS
K
There's Nothing Wrong With the Student Assembly
Penney's MacBride's
Up-To-Date Fashions Cameo Shop
Clinton Drugs Kaskie Music Waldorf's The Men's Shop Loblaw's
Richt Myers Food Endicott Johnson Flower Box McHenry and Co.
Keys Drugs
Plaza Liquor Loblaw's Army Navy
Chapman.Liquor In Andover Sackett's Food Mart
In Wellsville
Murray Stevens Sears Lester's Florist
La Pinana Norbert's Jewelers Nickel Bag Tuttle & Rockwell Arnault Hardware Big Elius
Jonas Jacob's Brothers Shoes
Royce Acme Food Doty Liquors
Dear Editor,
Well, it has been quite a week for the Alfred Student Assembly. Along with other minor business, the Chairman was denounced as a dictator, and a few other responsible and well meaning people were crucified for unethical practices before the assembly. Perhaps the student body should incorporate a bureau or subcommittee into the assembly to investigate all of these subversion cases! Of course the students will then have to decide upon the question of capital punishment! I wonder if the Student Assembly will be packed when the proposal for the electric chair comes to the floor?
Since I have been at Alfred University, the students at Alfred have been vehemently criticized at one time or another for both their apathetic attitude, which results in low attendance at meeitings, and their concerned attitude resulting in a "full house." This usually occurs only when the business on the floor is monetary. You know, you can't please everyone;
maybe we should try though, maybe we should take attendance at Student Assembly meetings, giving a black mark for every absence, with three black marks being sufficient grounds for booting someone out of school.
I think it is time that we took a "gander" at a few facts pertaining to the Student Assembly.
The Student Assembly is a regular meeting of the student body, its main purpose being to allocate funds to the various interest groups who express a valid need or use for those funds. Where does all this money come from? Well, the university presents a lump sum to the Assembly annuallly;
this lump sum comes from every individual's tuition. Now, what happens if all this money is not spent by the end of the school year? It stays in the Assembly account, and the same amount again gets deposited by the Administration for the next year. Well this is a neat situation, we've got all this money collecting interest and rotting in the bank. Fellow students, the Student Assembly should be a government that lends itself to interest groups. If ten people come into a meeting with a valid and useful request for money, the proposal can and must be passed. If it isn't then
*******************************************
BigN Outdoor Store
Tape Town
Harkness Clothing Best Way Drugs F.D. Rice Music Fisher Pharmacy Charles Jewelers Grants
Super Duper
Hammer's Jewelry
Just Music Kerton Florist Fred A. Drew Jewelers Vogue Shop Style Shop Needle NOOK Babcock Theatre
no one gets the money and all that cash you laid out for a "college education" goes to waste. Now, doesn't this question of "packing" an Assembly meeting look absurd in this light?
Now, how about this dastardly business of coming to a meeting to vote in an election. After all just because someone feels he has a vested interest in a particular candidate, that shouldn't give him the right to vote in an election should it?
Perhaps many students at Alfred feel it is wrong for the person with the most votes in an election to win that election. Unless I miss my guess, this is a democratic government we have here, and the majority rules, right? Obviously, any one candidate cannot possibly get to know everyone on this campus; but tn^ candidate that does receive the most votes is going to be the better representative of the studont btfdy, right?
There is nothing wrong with the way our Assembly is running. Tlis re is no apathetic attitude present, nor is there any criminal act involved in asking for money. Tnat is exactly what the Student Assembly is trying to accomplish. Listen, I've got an idea: instead of moaning and groaning about who or what is getting money, why don't you get a group of friends together and try and come up with a way to spend some of that money on yourselves. If its a valid, educational use, you might get the money.
And if it isn't you will at least be putting the Student Assembly to work! That's what it is there for.
Respectfully, Ben Simbole
Editor's Note: The letter to the editor written by Wendy Stewart which appeared in the last issue of the Fiat referred to the rudeness shown by an anonymous authority to a student. The authority referred to was Samuel Scholes, Jr., and not Mayor Horowitz, as was incorrectly assumed by some readers. Apologies, Dr. Horowitz.
April 6, 1973 PIA I LUX ALf-KfcD, NEW YORK 3
Alfred Flu Reaches Epidemic
Keep America Beautiful-^Tomorrow
By Robert Carlish
I don't know how much pride ; 'ther people have in the way the campus of Alfred University appears but it would only seem natural that anyone living here would share at least some minimal amount of respect for their surroundings.
Obviously, this natural feeling is only that - a feeling. The deeds corresponding to those feelings have as yet not materialized. As a result, our1 campus finds itself a nominee for "Keep America Beautiful - Tomorrow" campaign.
What I'm driving at is that I am not very proud of the way our campus looks. More specifically, the litter problem appears to have grown to a proportion that can no longer be ignored. The United States Navy could rebuild its entire fleet on just the Budweiser cans they would find strewn in front of the Campus Center.
There is no doubt in my mind (or anyone else's I know of) that the conditions can be improved, and improved quickly. It is past the time when we can consider the problem, and talk of what we will do about it. It has gone too far for idle actions with no long term planning. Something has got to be done to alleviate this problem.
Physical Plant At Fault?
My first response to this situation was to confront Mr. E. Slack (Director of the Physical Plant), and find out why he hasn't been doing his job. After all, it seemed to me that if anyone were to blame for the sloppy conditions of our campus, it would most certainly be him.
Guess again, students. The man is as disturbed about the situation as I (and almost everybody else) am. Nothing would please him better than to display and orderly, neat, well-kept campus.
Fine. So where is the proof of his beliefs? Where is the evidence of ideals? What can he show us to verify his desire?
What we are dealing with here now is a conflict of interests. On one side is Mr. Slack and his crew running all over campus trying to keep up with the ever increasing trash distribution.
On the opposite end are the students (dynamic, fearless, altruistic) who, whether by apathy or intent, somehow manage to perpetuate the problem so many of them speak so strongly against.
Mrv Slack realizes that the campus could certainly look better, but he admits that it is
"discouraging to put out a 100»/o effort" if you know that the students will continue having no regard for the well-being of the grounds. In addition to the over-whelming litter problem, he cited other areas of student disregard, such a walking where there are no walkways, thereby creating a muddy swamp, driving around pedestrian blockades thus chewing up the adjoining grounds, little or no regard for shrubbery and flower beds, etc. The list of offenses is about as long as the enrollment (no coincidence).
What's The Solution?
He explained that to make this campus as1
esthetically pleasing as possible, a few things must first be done. First, he insists that the University provide more outdoor garbage cans.
At this time, there are no more than four or five spread around the whole campus. Second, he recognizes the fact that the Physical Plant now encompasses too large a domain. To become more effective as a department, he would like to split the office into two divisions, one which would exist specifically for grounds maintenance.
To this end, he intends to hire someone to direct just such a division beginning next fall. One of his last points was a plea for more student cooperation. The job of cleaning up after 2,200 students is certainly made more difficult it the littering continues unchecked, and if the students generally remain as passive about caring for their campus as they seem to have been in the past.
The whole business of student disregard for the grounds appears to result from the lack of a conscious effort to see what is around them. If anyone were to simply not just see but "look" at what kind of trash surrounds us, they could not help but to be as turned off by it as I am. I can only assume that since no one seems to care, it's only because you just aren't aware of how really bad the problem has become. Why not start the weekend off right by admitting to yourself that this place would certainly look a lot nicer if you'd just care about the way things were, and make some concerted effort to right the wrongs other students have done?! I
By George Karras
You ever feel just plain lousy? Hacking cough, can't breath, nausea, temperature of about 104, Well, if you have, taking two hits of aspirin and going to bed early won't help a hell of a lot. As a matter of fact two hits of penecillin won't help very much either. You see, anti-biotics wonH affect a virus, not even a little. Viruses have a hard protein coat which anti-biotics can't penetrate. If, indeed, you have been feeling lousy, that's probably what you have been suffering from: a viral infection. As a matter of fact, this flu may very well be Alfred's own. Dr.
Vagell has stated he has checked with the county Health Dept. and there has been no report of any other flu outbreak. Alfred University may become famous for having its own unique viral disease. We won't know this, though, until the viral cultures that have been taken from people's throats are sent to the virology lab in Albany. In order to get it to Albany it has to be packed and shipped in Dry Ice, but there is no dry ice available at present.
It's been estimated by the Health Center that one-third to one-half the people on campus were affected by this disease. This is considered to be epidemic proportions, and Alfred being as concentrated a population as it is, it is not a surprize that this happened. Temperatures were changing from 9Q.7 to 105 F. There is no question that many of the people affected were seriously ill. The virus affects the body systematically, causing symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, respiratory conditions (coughing), gastro- intestinal unbalance (nausea), and of course, a fever. These symptoms can vary from minimal to sever depending upon the individual. In case you are wondering, there is no real way of preventing or even minimizing the disease. The fact that some people are affected more severly than others, or that many people didn't get it at all is simply due to the resistance an individual
possesses. Some people have a higher resistance toward viral infections than others. The only treatment is convalescent care; i.e. resting in bed.
This is of utmost importance since one of the biggest problems with diseases like the "Alfred Flu" is that they lower your resistance toward bacterial infections like pneumonia. Though recovery is relatively quick (3 to 7 days), the recouperative period may be plaqued by a cough which can last as long as a month after the illness has subsided.
So, what did the Health Center do?
A question that many people might think about is whether the Health Center was able to care for all these people. First, they decided who should stay at the Infirmary and who should be sent home according to the temperature of the person.
Those with temps, of higher then 101 were to stay, all those with lower than 101 were sent home with the same medicine given to the people who stayed. However, as stated previously, there is no real drug therapy other than decongestants, etc., and those medicines to treat secondary affects like bacterial infections.
According to the Doc, all action taken by the health personnel was adequate. "We did all that could be done." Indeed the facilities are more than adequate for normal conditions, since the 14 bed Health Center rarely has mor than 6 to 8 people at a time. For a college of our size, the H.C. is very well equipped and well staffed. Since Dr. Vagell has had emergency room experience, he has equipped the Center with facilities which enables our Center to do things the average college our size cannot do. Obviously the center could not handle all the students who got sick, yet this was an abnormal situation which doesn't happen very often. The biggest problem was that the nurses were forced to double up on shifts.
Just think. You people out there that caught the virus didn't catch the flu for nothing. Someday you might be able to say "I was one of the first people to catch the Alfred strain."
Feasibility of Amfrack to Buffalo Studied
e) Other Yes No 6. When would you employ the services ot Amtrack?
a) Weekdays b) Weekends c) Holidays d) Visiting e) Other
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No No No No No The following is a questionaire sponsored by
SUNY Binghamton and Broome Community College. It is a feasibility study to see whether there is a need and a want for Southern Tier Amtrack system running from New York City to Buffalo.
If you are interested in seeing such a rail system instituted, please fill out the following questionaire and drop it off at the Campus Center desk (c/o the Fiat, of course) by the time Spring Recess begins. This deadline is to insure that the filled out questionaires are mailed back to SUNY et al. by the date they require.
Thank you for your time, interest, and 6 am - 8 am 8 am - 12 noon
cooperation. 1 2 n o o n _4 p m 4 pm - 6 pm
t 6 pm - 8 pm 8 pm -10:30 pm
Name 10:30 - 12 am 12 am - 3 am 3 am - 6 am
City
„ 8. Would you like to see Public Rapid Surface Bus Service in your area to support or newly created QUESTIONS secondary service?
7. During what hours would you utilize such services?
CORRECTION
Mayoral election figures were misquoted in last week's Fiat. Mayor Horowitz had 207 votes to Warren Bouk's 193 votes.
1. What is your means of travel to work, school, business meetings, church, etc.?
a) Private Automobile b) Car Pool
c) Public Transit Bus d) Other Form of Transit
2. Is there any form of transportation you would like to see performed for your area, which is not performed?
a) Amtrack Service
b) Rapid Surface Transit (bus)
c) Feader Bus Service »—
d) Other
3. Would you like to see special student and/or senior citizen rates?
a) Yes b) No
4. Would you like to see Amtrack service in your area?
a) Yes b) No
5. If Amtrack was instituted in your area, would you use such services for:
a) Work Yes No b) School Yes No c) Business meeting Yes No — d) Church Yes No
a) Yes b) No
9. Would you like to see your area serviced by helicopter service?
a) Yes b) No
10. What is your annual expenses for commuting to work, school, business meeting, church, etc.
a) $166 - $300 b) $300 - $500 c) $500 - $1000 d) None of the above e) Comments
11. Can you see any advantage in the above types of service?
a) Yes b) No
c) Comments —*
12. Do you have any remarks to the above?
Comments: ;
Middle States Association to Study A.U.
Komanyi Speaks on Iban Tribe From Sunday evening, April 8, to Wednesdayafternoon, April 11, Alfred University will be the subject of scrutiny by a committee formed by the Middle States Association {M.S.A.) to make a
"case study" of it. The M.S.A. is, in full, the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, and is an independent standard-setting organization that accredits secondary schools and colleges in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canal Zone and the Virgin Islands.
The seventeen member case study committee is interested in the University's administrative structure and long-range planning process. In other words, they are extremely interested in Alfied's Master Plan and its.contents, especially Track II.
Alfred is "one of six colleges and universities to be selected for this purpose" according to President Miles.
Combined with the case study will be a reaccreditatioh evaluation carried out by a separate, four-man Middle States team. Alfred University was last accredited by the organiza- tion 10 years ago.
On Monday and Tuesday, April 9 and 10, the M.S.A. case study team will participate in numerous seminars dealing with a different faction of the Master Plan. Students and faculty are invited to attend these seminars, but there is a limited seating capacity which was set by the case study team. There will, for every seminar, be a limit of eighteen spectators, tentatively broken down as follows:
Liberal Arts: 2 students & 2 faculty
Nursing, Business Administration and Ceram- ics: 1 student •& one faculty member each
Board of Trustees: 2 members Press: 2 members
Guests: 2 invited by President Miles President Miles
Fiat Lux and WALF: one each
* Admittance is on a first come, first serve basis.
**ALL SEMINARS WILL TAKE PLACE IN**
HOWELL HALL
SCHEDULE Monday, April 9
9:00-10:15 Critique of the Long Range Study process
10:30-11:45 First year implementation of the Master Plan: preliminary study of the Stage V Committee.
1:15-2:30 Educational Philosophy: the
"Comprehensive Man".
2:45-4:00 Track II: Pro's and Con's (with special reference to the "Twentieth Century & Its Roots" course, and to the issue of requirements)
7:30-8:45 Advising as a faculty obligation 9:00-10:15 Divisions vs. Departments Tuesday, April 10
9:00-10:15 Consortia: Myth or reality
10:30-11:45 Fiscal implications of an innovative curriculum
1:15-2:30 T e a c h e r s teach, administers administer?
2:45-4:00 Tenure: Why keep it?
The topics of the seminars were selected by the case study team. President Miles stressed to the student, faculty, and administration participants in the seminars that they should be as truthful as possible in pointing out both the good and bad aspects of the topic they were to be discussing.
He also pointed out that the case study team requested that only the seminar participants be allowed to talk; thei efore the spectators should attend with the idea that they are not allowed to talk-they are only there to observe.
The case study members will also be touring the campus as well as eating all their meals in the student dining halls, except for the Sunday dinner, to which the public is not invited. The public is also not permitted to attend the Wednesday wrap-up session, as per the requests of the M.S.A. case study committee.
So if you are approached b y an official-looking person in a jacket and tie 'sometime next week, don't be taken aback. It will undoubtedly be a member of the M.S.A. contingency. If any of them happen to ask you any questions, don't hesistate to give them truthful and realistic answers.
Concerts and Coffeehouses Examined
by Barry Nisman
It is an arduous task to cogently present proposals for concert planning due to the simple fact that personal tastes are so varied. In my brief stay here, however, I have been amazed by the feeble and ludicrous efforts of the concert committees. Firstly we were presented with a magnificent list of groups and performers that we were supposedly able to acquire for St. Pat's Day.
We were asked to select, in order, the acts that we'd like to see the most. Without overtly passing judgment on Quicksilver and John Hartford, I find it hard to believe that these performers were among the top selections from that list. What must be remembered is that the list we were given contained the names of artists we could afford. To compound this, we have been presented with the most asinine question form.
Included is a question pertaining to our preference of two mediocre groups as opposed to one very good group at a concert. What an appalling question! To think that they wonder whether we desire mediocrity. Besides deserving the best groups, Alfred people want the best.
I am hesitant to make proposals for better groups because I am folk oriented while many of my friends who are staying here are jazz enthusiasts and rock admirers. What Alfred U.
needs is a valid question form system for concert scheduling, made up by competent people; one that would give a credible reflection of the musical tastes and desires of our community.
In fairness to those who I've criticized, we must realize that we have received a variety of musical styles. Mayfield gave us rhythm and blues, Quicksilver and McKendree Spring (for the third time?) gave us modified rock, Eric Anderson gave us folk, while Hartford gave us a mixture. I would like to suggest another type of concert, a concert of comedy. We have the Ace Trucking Company, Albert Brooks, Steve Martin, Robert Klein, The Committee, etc., to choose from.
There is something more to a concert than the music we hear. We are a community, and as such we possess a group pride. It means a great deal to be able to boast of one's university's concerts.
The mood of the entire campus is affected. One couldn't help but feel the ennui that preceded our past St. Pat's concert. There was more excitement over concerts at other schools than there was here. Many of us departed for the weekend. Alfred would possess a child-like excitement if it h.ad, for example, a Loggins and Messina or Neil Young concert (yes, we'd pay
$3-$5) to look forward to. This type of enthusiasm
is healthy for and feels good to children of all ages; ages 18-24 especially.
The epitome of community cohesiveness has been manifest in the coffee houses. I would love to see them continued and staged more often.
Friends from all parts of campus gather in an intimate atmosphere to hear the creativity of our neighbors. Sarah Schantz has been organizing the coffee houses this past year. I would hope that she continues next year. As a visitor next year, I would look forward to seeing good friends enjoying each other as they have during many of the coffee houses this year. Sarah has solicited the talents of many people from the campus and from other areas as well. The enthusiasm she has shown in getting it all together has been contagious to those who know her. Hopefully, arrangements will be made so that everyone can
be seated. On several occasions I've seen people leave because they didn't have the patience to stand throughout the performances.
To reiterate, I am in no position to suggest performers for Alfred U's concerts next year (as if anyone is). What I can do is to implore those responsible for concerts to listen to the realistic wishes of our people. It's a matter of making people happier. The concerts and coffee houses are two events that can relax us amid the constant pressures of our work.
Listen to the music, but look at the smiles, as well. If there aren't a lot of them, something should be done.
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By Pamela A. Borey
On Tuesday night, March 27, anthropologist Dr. Gitta Komanyi spoke at the first annual Phi Kappa Phi dinner. Phi Kappa Phi is a national honor society whose prime purpose emphasizes scholarship and character of thought. Ms.
Komanyi was invited to speak as a first step in furthering those purposes.
Ms. Komanyi was born in Hungary and grew up during the Nazi and Communist regimes. She escaped from Hungary at the age of nineteen.
Emigrating to England, she undertook all manner of jobs ana attempted to continue her interrupted education. Unable to do so in that country, Dr.
Komanyi came to the U.S. in 1964, and has since obtained Ph.D. in anthropology from N.Y.U., where she is presently teaching.
Dr. Komanyi did research for her doctoral thesis by spending almost seven months with the Iban people, a primitive tribe in East Malaysia.
The Iban were, at one time, headhunters; and in many of the longhouses which Dr. Komanyi visited, she found skulls of victims of the past hung in large nets suspended from the ceiling.
Headhunting is not presently part of their way of life, however. The Iban presently make their living tapping rubber trees, getting about forty cents for the rubber obtained by tapping 500 trees. Their food staple is rice which they grow.
The Iban appear to be a relatively contented people, however, relates Ms. Komanyi. Their social structure is whajt she was particularly interested in, especially the role of women in decision-making processes.
This is one of the aspects of the Iban society Which puts it on an equal par or even perhaps above your so-called "modern" political systems based on equality of all. Due to tne limitations on the living the Ibans are able to obtain, from the rubber and rice which they sell, the men often leave the confines of the longhouse, where entire families live together, to work elsewhere in hopes of making a better living, sending money received home to the family. During these absences it is necessary for the women to take over all,chores and be master, of all. religious and traditional ceremonies. This gives her a great deal of power both in her family, and among others in the community. When the husband returns, he does not take back all authority, but shares it equally with his wife.
This system has led to a situation where all women take part in decision-making and activities which concern the entire community, on an equal basis with the men. Dr. Komanyi states that the Iban men would not even think of doing anything or making a decision that they know the women would not approve of.
It is interesting that this so-called "primitive"*
society is so much more advanced in this aspect of their socio-political system than many of the supposedly more "modern", Western societies.
Lacrosse Has Arrived
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April 6, 1973 HAT HT* Alf RH> N Í W YORK 5
Nader Organization Seeks Mew Base at Alfred
"What we're really facing in twentieth x ; e n t u r y America is a problem of institutional anarchy.
Institutions are running wild and there isn't any way that individuals are able to control them."
This statement seems to summarize the situation described by Donald Ross, who spoke to a group of 25-30 students on Munday March 2, at 8:45 p.m. in the Parents Lounge of the Campus Center.
\ Piss, a representative of P.I.R.G. (Public Interest Research Group), cited as the key to many problems confronting the public a philosophical dilemma: "How do individuals relate to institutions and make institutions accountable for the actions that they take?" He pointed out that such practices as fining and imprisonment are either highly ineffective or impossible when a large corporation is in
^ question. Problems facing' society for which institutions are largely responsible include tax dodging practices, consumer fraud, sex discrim- ination, product safety issues, and environmental abuses. P.I.R.G., jointly utilizing student resources in the form of research facilitated by the vast and varied amount of information easily accessible to students, along with a trained staff of lawyers, scientists, etc., to provide a professional medium for enforcement of specific issues, can and has been effective in halting these practices.
John D. Rockefeller in the Coal Mines?
Ross explained that Ralph Nader's people, with whom P.I.R.G. is affiliated, have several solutions to this problem. One of the most innovative and exciting entails a theory of law called behavioral sanctions which at present applies to juvenile law. Ross have the example of a kid painting a / subway with spray paint, getting caught, and
rather than being jailed, he has to scrub down an entire subway car. This could be applied to large corporations making the Board of Directors not only pay for the damage they have caused but also clean it up-themselves. The officers of an oil company would have to clean up the beaches damaged by an oil spill, for example. This would be an actual sentence, in lieu of a monumental fine. It would certainly result in preventive measures to insure this would not occur or be repeated. Ross said that this procedure was probably not too likely to be adopted in the futuie;
it is nevertheless and exciting possibility.
^ P.I.R.G. Can Get Thing» Done
P.I.R.G. has the potential to institute or facilitate such systems. P.I.R.G.S have lobbying rights in legislatures and legal power owing to their professional staffs of lawyers. Their potential has been shown in schools throughout the country. Excessive timbering practices have been stopped, tax frauds uncovered and halted, and a great deal of legislation not in the best interest of environmental and/or consumer well-being has been defeated as a result of the actions of_P.LR.G.s.
Why is P.I.R.G. So Effective?
Many of the legislators making decisions which greatly influence our lives, explained Ross, simply are not well enough informed on various issues that arise. Many times they receive only one side of an issue, often that of the large corporations.
Thus, well-researched information, concrete facts, and data which can be presented by P.I.R.G.S are both welcome and influential in the f legislative process.
Ross emphasized^ that P.I.R.G.S are not professional rhetoricians-they act, not just verbalize-and do not employ confrontation to
solve problems. "The time for confrontation is over. It does not work. It is a tactic that has limited usefullness," Ross said. Instead, they act quietly and systematically. Their purpose, stated Ross, is to find a common ground, stretching across political and ideological boundaries.
How Does a P.I.R.G. Get Started?
ross mentioned several steps necessary to get a Public Interest Research Group started on a campus. First, spread the word! Students must be informed of the purpose and function of P.I.R.G. Next, said Ross, their support must be obtained in the form of signatures on a petition.
These petitions would entail no obligation, only a statement of support. The next step would be to draw up a referendum to be voted on by the student body and then gain the approval of the Administration for the $2 per semester increase in tuition to finance P.I.R.G. This would probably present little problem, since, Ross explained, there is nothing to lose: any student not wishing to contribute his $2 can request during Registration that it be refunded to him and at any time the student body feels that P.I.R.G. is not satisfactorily operating, it can be voted out.
. In answer to the problem of where to begin looking for issues, Ross' reply was both simple and logical: "What bothers you?" Local pollution, high prices, fraud...the list can be infinite and the issues can be both state and local levels.
Ross emphasized the importance of systematiz- ing. He spoke of the "wow" generation, when it was "cool" to be free wheeling and disorganized.
However, Ross pointed out that the time nas come when people are realizing that nothing gets accomplished without cohesive, organized activ- ity. In addition, people must be trained to think and perceive adversarily, from the point of view of consumer justice.
Since Alfred is a relatively small college community and will be sharing the activist staff, the professionals, with other P.I.R.G.S, most likely larger, Ross warned that we must be extremely vigilant in order to avoid the syndrome in which the requests of a smaller organization are dealt with more slowly. For example, when called, the staff of activists might be inclined to procrastinate: "Well, not this week, maybe next week." , The Alfred P.I.R.G would have to be persistant and determined, Ross said.
At present there is a tentatively proposed state-wide meeting of representatives from all P.I.R.G.S in May, stated Ross. This would provide a sort of nucleus for action. Ross explained that at present there are many colleges in the process of institution P.I.R.G.S. There is presently a P.I.R.G. staff of several people in Syracuse.
P.I.R.G.S have, however, been active in other states for some time.
Ross concluded by emphasizing that the most important thing is for students to be informed.
This can be done most effectively in innovative ways such as newspapers, posters, and tape cassettes of talk shows sent to local radio stations.
Local Reaction
Student reaction at the meeting seemed quite favorable; those priesent seemed enthusiastic.
"I was really impressed." Some skepticism was evidenced in comments such as "It's a great idea, but I don't know if it'll work at Alfred." The general apathy on campus seemed to be the primary concern; Ross had acknowledged this' problem, however, saying that it is not peculiar to Alfred and seems to operate under the laws of inertia. Once the campus begins to get involved, it is relatively easy to keep it involved.
Faculty members spoken to showed definite interest in the program, and said they would support it and would sponsor students for academic credit in the project. Dr. Heineman of the Political Science Department recognized P.I.R.G. projects as "interesting, useful, and constructive..." and "...clearly a bona fide project"-the student can easily earn 2-4 hours credit, while learning a great, deal.
Mayor Horowjtz also expressed support of the program and recognized both its educational value and its facihtative potential in student- community relations as well as aiding in community improvement.
An improvement of student housing was seen as a possible P.I.R.G. priority by Molly Congelli of the Student Affairs Office. Mrs. Congelli did not express exclusive support of the P.I.R.G. program, but rather any student-community oriented program that would improve both student "public relations" and community conditions. If P.I.R.G.
will do this, it is what Alfred needs, according to the Assistant Dean for Student Affairs. Mrs.
Congelli did, however, express concern over the question of whether the P.I.R.G. staff of activists would perceive the needs of Alfred as important.
She pointed out that an issue in Alfred involving 100 people might be comparable in importance proportionally to one involving 5,000 elsewhere.
What Is Being Done Now?
Petitions are in the process of being drawn up, asking only for student i support. Signing a petition is in no way, neither financially nor in terms of actual, participation, obligatory. It is merely a statement of support and approval of the program. A referendum to be voted upon campus-wide will follow.
University Subcommittee Plans Proposals
In Dec. of 1972, a subcommittee of the University Council was formed to monitor innovative educational trends, and to report their findings to
^ the council. This subcommittee for higher education has acquainted itself with serious, contemporary educational ideas, and will bring these issues to the University Council on April fourth.
Members on the subcommittee are Robert Regala, who is the adminstrative representative, Assistant Prof, of Economics McConnell, Lillian Nevins, representing the University staff,. William Parry, a faculty member, and Tim Gronberg and Judy Sanber, student representatives. Two members of the group will hopefully attend the Education Marathon in April, at the University of Massachsetts, in Amherst. There, new ideas on education will be discussed which may prove to be beneficial to Alfred.
Thus far, the committee has reviewed many /• edycation periodicals, especially the Chronicle of
Higher Education, and have found the Recommendations of the Commission on Non- traditional Study exceedingly, helpful. The recommendations include broadening opportuni- ties, reshaping institutions, examining alterna- tives and assessing accomplishments.
As a result of their research, members of the subcommittee have drawn up several proposals, scheduled to \be delivered to the University Council.
One of the provocative proposals includes the suggestion that the "Universtiy shift from a degree granting University to service to the learner for lifetime learning-continuing and recurrent - with emphasis on reorientation of faculty understandings and commitments; better utilization of all media; creation of new agencies to disseminate information, to perform counseling services and to become assessors and repositories for student credit; development of new tools for new services; and more cooperation and collaboration among collegiate, community and alternate educational entities."
Another proposal is also scheduled to be made:
"That Alfred University become a Terminal (Jr.-Sr. years) and Graduate degree University.
Since legislation is being enacted by various states (inc. New York) to ensure the first two years of college in a state school to those who wish it, monies will be curtailed to private colleges with Frosh-Soph programs."
The subcommittee will include a corollary to their various proposals which states "that Alfred
University drop the Elementary Schools Educa- tion Program, as it is a duplicate of state schools, and adopt a program for the training and education of teachers and administrators on the Two year or Junior College level."
These proposals are indeed provovative, and hopefully Alfred will benefit from their consideration.
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President Nixon's Speech on Summer Jobs
Student Assembly Discusses Yearbook
Bv Robert Frank
An attempt to fund a yearbook supplement, that would be free to seniors only, was stopped at the Student Assembly meeting on March 29. An issue was proposed by the senior class, for $850.
$450 of this was to go for senior week activities.
The other $400 was to go for the so-called "Senior Supplement" which would cover second semester activities, that the Kanakadea will not. The normal allotment to the senior class is $500 for senior week activities.
Class president Rick Vaughn said that the $400 was the amount that Derek Moore, editor of the Kanakadea, said was required to start work on the supplement, Assembly Co-chairman Joe Kern said that it was unfair for seniors to get the supplement for nothing, while other students would have to pay for it. He also said that some seniors, such as himself, would not want the supplement. Kern proposed that a better way would be to have all persons who wanted the supplement, to sign up and pay for it, in a method similar to that used by high school yearbooks.
Vaughn then agreed to table the $400 part of the proposal, and proposed that the senior class receive the $500 that it normally receives from the Assembly. This was passed overwhelmingly.
Amendments
The Assembly passed the amendments proposed on March 22 concerning membership in its Financial Committee. The amendment reads,
"All Financial Committee personnel will be subject to approval by the Student Assembly."
The other amendment proposed last week, concerning the method of replacing Assembly officers during their terms, was tabled by its sponsor, Assembly Chairman Ben Ostrer.
Other proposals passed were, either $5 or $45 to bring two or three poets to Alfred; $385.90 to the Debate Team, so that they could attend the New, York State Championship Tournament; and
$200.00 for a student directed production of Waiting For Godot.
George Karras proposed that $75 be given to the Dance Marathon. New Assembly officers, elected during the week of April first, will begin their terms on April 5th at the respective meetings of both organizations.
Library Architects Sought Architects for Alfred's University's new library building are currently being searched for by a comimittee appointed by the Board of Trustees.
April 17 is the date planned for the next meeting with one of the possible companies. Four firms have been asked to come to Alfred. They are:
Hugh Stubbens and Co. (of Boston), Ben Tompson Inc. (of Boston), Saska, Dawson, and Denlay (of Boston), and Kuhn and Co. (of Philadelphia).
A meeting with representatives of each firm has been arranged. From these meetings the committee will make recommendations to the Board of Trustees who will then hire one of the architects to design the new building.
When an architect visits the campus he is met by the library committee headed by Walter Franklin, director of the Herrick Library. A tour of the University, during which questions are asked by both parties, is followed by lunch and an opportunity for the architect to meet President Miles.
f*Today I am pleased to report that a total of $424 million in Federal funds will be available this summer for youth programs, some $3 million more than last year.
"This money should help in making the summer of 1973 a time of expanded opportunity for young, Americans.
"The outlook for young people this summer is encouraging in many ways. Job prospects are particularly promising, thanks in large measure to the rapid expansion of our economy. Last year the unemployment rate for youth dropped by 1.9
percent, even though the youth labor force increased by 1.1 million people. This summer, as we continue to lower the overall rate of unemployment, we can expect still further gains for young Americans.
"One important element in the employment picture - especially for disadvantaged youth in our central cities whose unemployment rate is f a r . too high - is that funding from Federal programs will be sufficient to support 776,000 job opportunities for young people. Total Federal funding available for this effort will be $354 million, slightly less than last year but more than the average of previous years.
Three different sources are available to States and localities in providing such jobs:
"The Emergency Employment Assistance Act.
Last year I asked that money for this program be increased from $1 billion in fiscal year 1972 to
$1.25 billion for the current fiscal year. Under a continuing resolution passed by the Congress last month, full funding is now available for this
[
jrogram, and we estimate that the States and ocal communitites will be able to use some $300 million of it for summer youth jobs.''Direct Federal Employment. An additional $50.4 million is available to the Federal Government itself for hiring young people through ongoing Federal programs. The Federal-STate Employ- ment Service should provide a total of 120,000 jobs for young Americans through its Youth Summer Placement Program.
Zero Population Discussed by Bruce Aiken
For the third presentation on environmental problems, the Ecology Club presented Mr. Robert Savage and Ms. Mary Spurrier, of the Rochester chapter of Zero Population Growth (ZPG), last Wednesday night, March 28, in Myers Hall 34.
The first to speak was Bob Savage, who gave the audience some facts and stastics about the world population problem. Telling the purpose of ZPG, Savage explained "...in the time it takes to
say 'good evening' four people died of starvation." The doubling time for the growth of world population has gone from 200 years in 1850 to 35 years at the present. It is estimated an increase at this rate will calculate a total of 25 billion people by 2075. Dr. Paul Ehrlich, the noted population biologist, has estimated the optimum world population to be 500 million.
Contrary to popular belief, the U.S. population is increasing by 100,000 to 130,000 per month.
The source of increase is not low income families with five or six children, but middle class families with three, instead of two, children.
One reason for the current explosive growth in population is that "people just aren't dying like they used to", due to the great advances in medical science.
Agricultural "breakthroughs" are another reason for population growth. Unfortunately, Norman Barlow, who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his development of new hybrid wheat, stated his discovery will only postpone world starvation by 30 years. A major problem is in the U.S., where only 5% of the world's population uses 40% of its natural resources. The average American causes more pollution and depletion of resources in his life span than 50 inhabitants of Calcutta, India.
The floor was then turned over to Ms. Mary Spurrier, who presented possible solutions to the population problem. Spurrier discussed such alternatives as smaller families, societal acceptance of career oriented women, and more adopted families. Immediate action would include writing to local state senators and assemblymen about passage of the bill S-842.
This bill will repeal all the restrictions on the current contraceptive law. New York is the only state with an age restriction for the purchase of contraceptives.
Ms. Spurrier finished her lecture by saying that people have caused the problem of over- population, only people will be the solution.
Anyone interested in joining ZPG may obtain an application from the Ecology Club or at the Campus Center desk. The student fee is $8.00 per year. Further information may be obtained by writing to Ms. Mary Spurrier, 374 Rugby Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14619.
"Finally, another $3.5 million is available for summer job programs through the Youth Conservation Corps.«
"I am also happy to report that this Government commitment to summer jobs is being matched by significant efforts in tne private sector. For example, the National Alliance of Businessmem
lans a massive summer employment campaign to ire an additional 175,000 young people in 126 major metropolitan areas. Overall, I am hopeful that this summer will bring another significant increase in the employment rate of our youth.
"For those under fourteen, a wide range of recreational opportunities will be available this summer through federally funded recreation programs operated by cities, colleges and universities across America. These programs are
targeted to the needs of disadvantaged youth, é
providing them with healthful exercise, sports instruction and exposure to local cultural institutions. Such efforts will make the coming summer a better and more productive time for approximately 2.3 million people.
ffOther summer programs will provide trans» por- tation service to make these employment and recreational opportunities more accessible.
Approximately 850,000 young people will benefit from federally financed transportation services concentrated in the Nation's largest cities. In another important effort - one that is also expanding this summer - the summer nutrition program will serve some 128 million meals to nearly 2 million needy young Americans.
ffOur Nation's youth are our most valuable natural resources. Each of these summer programs will enrich their lives and help develop their potential as well-rounded human beings and \ as good citizens. I pledge the fullest possible cooperation of the Federal Government to help make the summer of 1973 a great summer for all of our young people.
{'And I urge tne American people to give their fullest cooperation and support to all of these efforts."
Vietnamese Chooses A.U.
A leading South Vietnamese high-school graduate has been accepted for admission to the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred J University.
Truc-Chi Huynh, daughter of a lieutenant colonel in the Vietnamese armed forces, will matriculate next September to study ceramic engineering.
The reason, she says, is that she is "gifted in mathematics," and Vietnam "needs engineer"
On her formal application for admission to Alfred University, the 19-year-old girl wrote movingly of her country, which "has long been suffering from war.
"I hope peace would soon be coming to us.
Then I will contribute what I have learned to the reconstruction of our country when I finish my college courses in the United. States," she said.
Fluent in French and English, Miss Huynh is a graduate if the Gia-Long Public High School for Girls in Saigan, where she won prizes and honors in mathematics, philosophy, natural sciences, history, geography, physics and chemistry.
In 1972 she scqrea the highest mark on South n.
Vietnam's national examination, called the baccalauréat. President Thieu awarded her a special gold medal for the achievement.
According to Newton Brooke, associate director of admissions at Alfred University, Miss Huynh became aware of the institution through her brother-in-law, Capt. David J. Brown of Fort Riley, Kansas. Brown, an Alfred graduate and native of Canisteo, is married to Miss Huynh's sister, Truc Nuong, a 1971 business-admin- istration, g r a d u a t e of Indiana University, Bloomington.
Brooke said his office departed from its usual practice by accepting Miss Huynh and offering 4
her a $500 scholarship before she had formally applied. In order to expedite her exit visa from South Vietnam, the acceptance was based on the girl's high-school transcript, supplied by her sister.
Brooke also said Miss Huynh was offered a place in Yale University's freshman class but selected Alfred on the strength of her brother-in-law's recommendation.
ALFRED UNIVERSITY SECURITY , 871-2108
A p r i l 6, 1973 PIA I LUX ALf-KfcD, NEW YORK 7
Carse, a faculty member at New York University, received considerable publicity in 1970 for a formal course offering he initiated on the subject of death. He is the author of a number of articles on philosophy and religion.
Miss Reyer is a graduate of Mt. Holyoke College, where she majored in literature and minored in music. Following graduation she continued work in music and voice at Yale and Cornell Universities.
She has been critically acclaimed for offering new vocal works to the public, and her recitals
Job Brochure Available
Working Abroad, a free brochure now available from The Council on INtemational Educational Exchange (CIEE), describes several interesting opportunities for U.S. students who want to work this summer.
f Some of the opportunities described in this 10-page booklet include au pair work in France, farm work in Norway and hotel work in Switzerland. Other choices are picking olives on a kibbutz in Israel, teaching English to a family in Finland and harvesting grapes in a vineyard in France.
Working Abroad also contains an application for "Summer Jobs in Britain and Australia," a service offered by CIEE in cooperation with the JBaLlish Universities Student Travel Association and the Australian Union of Students. Throigh this service, qualified U.S. students may obtain
k work permits that enable them to seek unskilled jobs anywhere in Great Britian or Australia for the summer.
Most students who have done any traveling at all know about the Council on International Educational Exchange since CIEE - the largest student travel organization in the U.S. - has been inyolved in all aspects of student travel for the past 26 years.
For a free copy of Working Abroad and other information on work, study and travel abroad, write to CIEE, Department W,777 United Nations Plaza, New York, New York 10017; or 607 South Park View, Los Angeles, California 90057.
Earth Day IN ears
S On Friday, April 27th, the Ecology Club will hold its Earth Day activities. Tree planting and clean-up will begin at 10:00 a.m. In the evening, starting at 8:00. the film "PQpulation Growth and the American Future" will be shown at the Campus Center. The film will be shown again at 10:00 p.m.
Carolyn fteyer
Lowe to Speak on America
William S. Lowe, a leading industrialist and chairman of the United States Chamber of Commerce, will speak on "The American Way"
April 4 at 8:15 p.m. in Alfed University's Science Center lecture hall.
The public is invited to attend without charge.
Lowe's appearance on the Alfred campus is as a visiting scholar under the auspices of the University's School of Business Administration.
As president of the Chamber of Commerce, Lowe is considered a principal spokesman for American business. The chamber's declared purpose is "to improve and protect the incentive system and the free market economy for the long-range good of the country."
Lowe is chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the A.P. Green Refractories Company of Mexico, Mo. He is a member of the boards of the United States Gypsum Company, the First National Bank of St. Louis, the Norfolk and Western Railway Company and the Falstaff Brewing Company.
Lowe holds a bachelor of science degree in electrial engineering from South Dakota University. He received honorary doctorates from the Universtiy of Missouri at Rolla and William Woods College.
Art Contest Announced
On Saturday, May 5th, the Ecology Group will have an environmental art contest. The theme will be "People and Their Environment." Any photographs, paintings or drawings of ^n ecological nature may be submitted to the Campus Center desk. Entries will begin after Spring Recess and end at 4:30 p.m., Tuesday, May 1st. Name and telephone number must appear on each photo or picture submitted. Prizes for each category will be $10.00 for first place and $5.00 for second. The winners will be announced in the Fiat Lux.
ANNOUNCEMENT
Prophecy Program Planned A program entitled "Biblical Prophecy Today"
is set for the weekend of April 6,7, and 8. It will be held in the Campus Center.
The April 6 program scheduled from 8 to 10 p.m. will feature an address by James Funk, professor of ceramic engineering. Funk will speak on "The Nations in Prophecy."
The April 7 program set for 3 to 5 p.m. will feature discussion on "Israel in Prophecy" by Joe Sherlock of St. Catherines, Ontano.
The concluding program is set for 8 to 10 p.m.
and will feature the topic "The Church in Prophecy" with John Funk of St. Catherines leading a symposium.
The programs are being sponsored by the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship group.
Turner in Ceramic Show
Robert C. Turner, professor of ceramic art at the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, is participating in a ceramic exhibition through April 6 in the art gallery of Montgomery College, Rockville, Maryland.
Refunds Not Received
Buffalo, N.Y. - "Where is my refund?" is a question asked by thousands of Buffalo District taxpayers every year, John E. Foley, Buffalo District Director for Internal Revenue said today.
For many, the answer is that the refund is held up because the Post Office cannot deliver the check. People move without leaving a forwarding address, Foley said.
Another reason is that the taxpayers's name or address is illegible on the return. You can avoid this problem by using the pre-addressed label on your tax forms package.
Peel the label off the outside of the tax forms package and place it on the return filed. You can make corrections on the label itself, Foley said.
Higgins M e t with N.A.S.S.
Wallace C. Higgins, associate professor of ceramic design at the New York-State College of Ceramics at Alfred University participated March 23-25 in the regional meeting of the National Association of Summer Sessions, in Williamsburg, Virginia.
File Estimated Tax
If total estimated income tax and self-employ- ment tax for 1973 exceeds income tax withholding by $100 or more, John E. Foley, Buffalo District Director for Internal Revenue suggests filing a declaration of estimated tax.
Form 1040-ES contains detailed instructions on how to file. The IRS sent this form to everyone who filed a declaration last year and to others who, according to IRS records, probably should make a declaration.
Foley said vouchers and pre-addressed envelopes were included in tne tax return package for the taxpayers' convenience.
Estimates for 1973 are due by April 17, the same date that Federal income tax retyrns are due.
The 1040-ES Forms are available at local IRS offices for those who need them but did not receive copies in the mail.
Harbach-George Appointed Mrs. Barbara Harbach-George of Rochester, an organist and pianist, has been appointed a lecturer in .performing arts at Alfred University, effective immediately.
Mr.s Harbach-George holds degrees in music from Pennsylvania State University and Yale University, and a diploma from the Frankfurt Musikhochschule, in Germany.
Jan Cutler
Cutler
yCarse and Reyer
Psychic medium Jan Cutler, philosopher James P. Carse and soprano Carolyn Reyer will appear at Alfred University during the month of April as part of the institution's annual cultural programs
s e ries. i.
Miss Cutler will lectu <e April 10; Carse April 26; and Miss Reyer will offe, a recital of folk songs and contemporary classical works April 27.
Tne three presentations will be at 8:15 p.m. in the James A. McLane, Center on the University campus. Tickets will be available at the door.
Miss Cutler is identified as a student of the occult and a specialist in trance control. She has written extensively on the study and practice of psychic phenomena, and has appeared through- out the country as a professional medium.
James P. Carse
typically include compositions by Schoenberg, Berg, Webern and the folk songs and carols indigenous to the mountain regions of Kentucky, Tennessee and the Virginias.
Featured Here for April
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