I argue that the driving forces behind Jordan's current refugee policy are their internal pressures, which are Jordan's ongoing water crisis, unemployment and education, as well as external funding that comes from their reliance on UNHCR and allies such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Using a qualitative approach, I explored Jordan's main points of concern regarding their safety and the well-being of their residents.
Background
Due to its proximity to Jordan, they hosted approximately 300,000 Gulf refugees who remained in Jordan. This dramatic increase in Jordan's population has threatened Jordan's water, infrastructure, and led to an increase in poverty.
Jordan’s Relationship with the UNHCR
During the 1970s, Jordan's economy and political stability began to slowly improve,18 and in 1986 King Hussein broke ties with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).19 However, at that time Jordan referred to Iraqi refugees as "visitors." , 'irregular guests', 'Arab brothers'. 34; Refugee law and policy: Jordan. "Apple Computers: This Month in Business History (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress).
Methodology
Review of the Literature
Irene Gibson wrote "An Analysis of Jordan's 2013 Policy Regarding Iraqi Refugees" to focus on these policies. The need for political competence Social work practice: Lessons learned from a collaborative project for Iraqi refugees - The case of Jordan. British Journal of Social Work, Vol.
Conclusion
In this chapter I explain the evolution of Jordan's refugee policy from their Law on Residence and Foreign Affairs no. 24 mentions the Directorate throughout, referring to the Directorate of Public Security, which manages the law and order of those living in Jordan.44.
If a foreigner is hired, the Directorate must be notified within forty-eight hours of the recruitment and dismissal of the foreigner concerned. Finally, Article 17 states that other Jordanian departments must inform the Directorate of anything related to foreigners in Jordan.49 I argue that border security has implications for the Jordanian economy and the issue of unemployment.
The Jordan Compact: A Work in Progress
Jordan would begin reforms to improve the business sector for Syrian refugees. Although the Jordan Compact addresses more refugees joining the formal work sector, those interviewed by RI say otherwise. While the Jordan Compact promised to provide 200,000 jobs to Syrian refugees, in January 2018 more than half of the 104,000 work permits issued were to work in construction.
The Jordan Compact said that the SEZs would employ at least fifteen percent of Syrian refugees to work in factories, but only five percent of these refugees have work permits to do so. While the Jordan Compact made progress in improving the lives of Syrian refugees living in Jordan, it missed the mark in several areas. Although this has not yet happened, this may open up new opportunities for Syrian refugees to gain employment.62.
The Jordan Response Plan: Why it could be more successful than the
The overall objective of the livelihood sector is "to ensure decent, sustainable livelihoods, gender equality and the creation of economic opportunities for Jordanians in host communities and Syrian refugees, as well as strengthened institutional capacity."66 Their goals are particularly to increase employment opportunities. to those living in refugee camps and to help transition from short-term income to more sustainable employment. This sector aims to improve the regulatory environment for small businesses and have inclusive programs that encourage their creation. They also want to design interventions that are consistent with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with a focus on Sustainable Development Goals Five and Eight,67 a plan involving all UN members to promote peace and prosperity in developing countries.68 Finally, the livelihoods sector will tried to increase the participation of Syrian refugees and Jordanian actors in the private sector.69.
Finally, the primary focus of the WASH sector is “ensuring the safe mobility of people and goods in the areas affected by the Syria crisis through an improved and efficient public service. They also aim to implement gender-appropriate sanitation facilities, especially in Za'atari, Azraq and King Abdullah Park refugee camps. Furthermore, the WASH sector aims to improve the overall health of the environment as a result of the objectives mentioned above.71.
Analysis and Discussion
Furthermore, many parties were not included that could have been decisive in making the Jordan Compact successful. Apart from the UNHCR's modest participation, the UN was not involved in the creation of the Jordan Compact. The Refugees International study stated: "The World Bank has identified the facilitation of home businesses as a central means of providing Jordanian and Syrian women with livelihood opportunities."76 If observed by other global entities, why have issues regarding HBBs not been addressed? not. in the Jordan Compact.
Unlike the Jordan Compact, the JRP appears to be very methodical and strategic in the ways in which it is planned to be carried out. In contrast to the Jordan Compact's lack of a clear budget, the JRP's budget is set at 7.3 billion USD over a three-year period from several. As thorough as the JRP is, like the Jordan Compact, it also does not address refugee status or the registration process.
The Ongoing Water Crisis and Syrian Refugees’ Effect on it
These issues that the King and Queen of Jordan deal with are why water, unemployment and education are Jordan's main drivers of Jordanian refugee policy. This stress in Jordan is important to address because the reactions to keeping the country stable by Jordanians have an effect on its refugees. In an article about the current water crisis in Jordan, author Anne Marie Baylouny discusses how Syrian refugees have exacerbated the issue.
In addition, demand for water has increased by 22 percent and the total budget for water is 360 million JOD per year due to Jordan's high concentration of Syrian refugees.89 While previous years' budget information would help contextualize this, the data shows were not available. As discussed in the previous chapter, the Jordan Response Plan addresses combating Jordan's water crisis with regard to Syrian refugees. 91 "TAPPED OUT: Water Scarcity and Refugee Pressure in Jordan." Mercy Corps, Mercy Corps, 2014, www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/MercyCorps_TappedOut_JordanWaterReport_March204.pdf.
Unemployment and its Role with the Jordanian Economy
This is one of many examples of Syrian refugees having difficulty obtaining work permits to work legally. These issues affect both Syrian refugees and Jordanian citizens, perpetuating Jordan's high unemployment rate, which affects their economy as a whole. Despite the negative opinions of Jordanian citizens and the employment of Syrian refugees, progress has been made in employing Syrian refugees by the UNHCR.
It is also worth noting that the title of the article discussed in connection with the University of Jordan study is titled "Many Jordanians blame Syrian refugees for Jordan's faltering economy", although it barely mentions Syrian refugees. Additionally, an article from The Jordan Times discussed a study conducted by the Center for Strategic Studies at the University of Jordan, where they measured Jordanian and Syrian refugees' perceptions of each other. These two polls published in Al-Bawaba and The Jordan Times make it clear that many Jordanians have reservations about the high number of Syrian refugees living in Jordan.
Education
In addition, providing education to Syrian refugee children without reform puts more of a burden on Jordan's infrastructure that the state cannot afford. While the previous chapter discusses the internal pressures that have resulted in Jordan's key elements of their refugee policy, this chapter takes that discussion further by explaining border security and where international actors allocate their money and resources. Border security is important to discuss because it directly affects Jordanians depending on who or what comes in and out of the country.
The United States, the United Kingdom, and organizations such as UNHCR and the European Union give much of their resources to help Jordan. When I write about United States contributions, I am referring to bilateral foreign aid, which refers to money given directly by the United States government to the Jordanian government, with the recipient having complete discretion over where the funds are allocated. While the United States may not give its money specifically to any of the areas mentioned above, the distribution of the money is transparent, so the government knows where the money is going.109.
Border Security
There were only two entry points, both located along the western side of the border. The car came from a refugee camp and the bomb exploded along the border in no man's land. This is one of the many security challenges that Jordan has faced that have led to the complete closure of the border.113.
Ten days later, Jordanian Prime Minister Omar Razzaz confirmed that they would not accept any more refugees. Fakih is not the only one who was unhappy with the border closure. Before entering Jordan, Syrians must obtain a security permit from the Jordanian authorities.119 It should be noted, however, that the movement of refugees from Syria to Jordan has not been determined.
International Aid
In this next part, I will explain the assistance and allocation of economic aid to Jordan with the aim of easing Jordanian pressure to accommodate such a large refugee capacity. In 2014, the British Department for International Development (DIFD) published the 'Operational Plan 2011-2016 Jordan', in which DIFD sets out the ways in which they want to help Jordan. Much of this integration would take place through education under No Lost Generation120, an initiative to ensure the education of Syrian refugee children in certain Middle Eastern countries, including Jordan.121 The final area of assistance is to try reduce the risk of conflict by addressing local grievances.122 Although the Operational Plan expired in 2016, Britain was proactive in continuing their assistance to Jordan.
Currently, the United States is focusing on Jordan's education, water, refugee host community resilience, and workforce development.124. After King Abdullah visited the United States, former President Obama announces the signing of a two-year MOU committing to provide between $660 million and $1 billion per year in bilateral foreign aid125, but the MOU provided only $275 million.126 the purpose of this MOU was to "address Jordan's short-term, extraordinary needs, including those related to regional instability and rising energy costs."127. USD) towards improvements in Jordan's economy under Vision 2025, a partnership between British Prime Minister Theresa May and King Abdullah.128.
Analysis and Discussion
With this integration plan, it strengthens Jordan's argument to the rest of the world about how they need more help with refugees. I argue that the areas most affected by the large influx of Syrian refugees are Jordanian unemployment, the ongoing water crisis and education. As mentioned in Chapter Four, border security has been an issue for Jordan's security, leading to the closure of the border.
This impacts the Jordanian economy as those working on the border lose those jobs. Initially, the Jordanian government tried to distribute as many work permits as possible, failing to meet the needs of Jordanian residents and the various labor sectors. Practice: Lessons Learned from a Collaborative Project on Iraqi Refugees – the Case of Jordan.” British Journal of Social Work, vol.
Seeking Peace: Jordan's Stand in the Gulf Crisis." Jordan- History - Seeking Peace: Jordan's Stand in the Gulf Crisis, www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_peace.html. We fear for their future' | Barriers to education for Syrians refugee children in Jordan." Human Rights Watch, June 6, 2017, .
