new doc 2019-05-01 00.13.54 - Undip PAK Repository

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Is Tehran’s Public Spaces Disability Friendly?

E Esfandfard¹, M H Wahab² and R B C Amat³

1PhD Candidate, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia

2Ts.Dr. Senior Lecturer, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia

3Lar. Dr. Senior Lecturer, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia

Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Public space act like a living spaces of the cities where people gather to socialize, communicate with each other and where urban activities being carried out. It defined the character of the city and play important role to connect people to the city. Comfortable and accessible public spaces lead to vitality and livability to the city. Lack of the maintenance and attention to public spaces could reduce the comfort level and livability to the city. United Nations Convention emphasized that the people with disability have the same rights to access the public spaces, where World Health Organization declare that about 10% of world population are disabled. The eight years war between Iran and Iraq had increased disability rate among the citizens. Tehran as capital of Iran and the most populous city in Iran need to improve facilities and accessibility in order to support the need of the people with disability to live actively in the society. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the need of urban public space for people with disability in Tehran. Among the identified obstacles for people with disability in Tehran are related to lack of application of Universal Design (UD) elements on the urban spaces and public facilities. This study is based on applied theory and quantitative method for evaluating satisfaction of people with disability. This research focused on two type of disability group, visual impairment and wheelchair users. One of the city district in Tehran is chosen as a case study. The findings of this study obtain will be analyses to provide UD solutions in urban public spaces for them.

1. Introduction

The number of disability population increased because of the wars in different parts of the world [1].

In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) explained that about 500 million people equating 10% of global population are disabled [2]. According to [3,4], during eight years of Iran and Iraq war, many victims in Iran experience disability and based on National population survey in 2006 the population of disability in Iran is 2.514.744 people [5]. In addition, Iran has record of high traffic accidents in the world and has the highest rate of mortality that is 400 per week due to it [6].

The performance of public spaces is vast and various and considered as a place for social and cultural exchanges of different people [7]. People’s public life occurs in urban public spaces in a complex set of forms and functions, therefore these spaces must be capable to contain diverse behavior, uses and activities such as shopping, walking, conversation, using the facilities to entertain, relax or even passing the time as daily, and periodic festivities and events [8].

United Nations rules gives equal opportunities for people with disabilities and provided the framework of international human rights by the lawmakers and advocates to address disability issues and problems for establishing a guideline for conducting programs related to equal access for all

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Analyzing Human Scale Space on Street Characteristics in The Tembalang Education Area

D I K Dewi¹, A R Rakhmatulloh¹, J Winarendri²and E Yubelta¹

1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands

Corresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract. The education area is considered as a new growth center, because the demand for mobility is quite high, related to the ease of the community to the destination. The term human-scale space becomes important to achieve ideal conditions and without external interference when moving. The research location is in the Tembalang education area of Semarang City and examines the three main variables of the human scale space, namely accessibility, distance, and coordination between locations. Data obtained through field observations. The research method used is descriptive quantitative and scoring analyze. The purpose of this study was to analyze the human scale space based on street characteristics in the Tembalang education area. The method used in after observing, the results of this study classify the characteristics of streets in the education area Tembalang both on campus and outside of campus.

Keywords: human scale, pattern of mobility, street

1. Introduction

The loss of human-scale space can affect the occurrence of criminal acts, which affect activities on a regular basis at a certain time [1]. According to Newman (1972), the spatial scale is a human model that forms individual physical expression. In this context, indicators of accessibility, distance, and the interrelationship between locations are important factors forming patterns of behavior in carrying out mobility. These three indicators are the main measures in an individual initiating movement in a location and at certain times or modes of transportation.

Accessibility as the ability of individuals to reach certain routes or locations through means of transportation in urban areas [2]. The function of the connecting facility is to facilitate the individual in reaching the activity point. The means of connecting are defined as the pedestrian, bridge, or supporting modes of transportation such as motorbikes, bicycles, or pedicabs that are different from the main modes of transportation at certain times and routes. The distance is defined as the actual measure of an object or measure when an individual moves in space [3]. Distance is also often associated with the ability of individuals to compare one object with another object [4]. Distances are related to the radius of an individual's achievement of the location or can also be related to how far the distance of individual mobility is. Meanwhile, the interrelationship between locations is defined as the unity of the system between activities and/or humans that creates a behavior [5]. The research context speaks of spatial integration in conducting mobility. The incompatibility of the three indicators triggers a negative behavior. So that the community physically has no control over the surrounding environment [6].

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Strategizing the Methodology in Assessing Malaysia’s Heritage Urban River Corridor Landscapes

N A Z Abidin¹, D Cushing², G Lawson³

1 School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Penang, Malaysia.

2 School of Design, Creative Industries Faculty, QUT Garden Point Campus, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia.

3 School of Landscape Architecture, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand.

Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The river corridors of Malaysia’s heritage river cities have long been contributing to the livelihood of diverse communities within these places. Recently, the speedy city development progress in Malaysia to accommodate the up to date cultural-based heritage economy, coupled with severe climate change and lack of community consultation in designing and developing the river corridors has made a difference to the landscape settings of these places. These have raised concerns among the local community, particularly the local workers who are depending on the resources along the river corridors. This paper explains the strategy in triangulating multiple research methods to identify and assess the important landscape character settings of Malaysia’s urban river corridors, which are significant in the routine of the working communities at these places. The experiential landscape survey (ELS) – the phenomenological approaches in landscape assessment created by Thwaites and Simkins was tested. Three inter-connected processes that consist of Process 1 – defining preliminary river corridor boundaries, Process 2 – looking for relevant occupations and individuals (as participants), and Process 3 – identifying and assessing the significant landscape setting successfully strategized in this study. The outcome helps to assess the landscape character in relation to working communities’ experience for heritage urban river corridors in Malaysia. It also expands the conventional landscape character assessment through multiple methods, including site observation, ELS, and interviews.

Keywords: river corridor, experiential landscape, heritage cities, working communities, Malaysia, Melaka City, Kuala Terengganu

1. Introduction

The Riverfront Development Guidelines [1] defined a river corridor in the Malaysian context as, “the river, including the area extending fifty (50) meters beyond the river reserve on both sides” (Figure 1).

The definition clearly emphasized the condition of river corridor in form and position, with less information on the ecological and dynamic characteristics, which are essential to define the primary territory of these strips of land along river channels.

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A Model of Community Events as a Cultural Heritage Conservation Effort in Semarang Chinatown

R Kurniati¹, M Sophianingrum², P Khadiyanto³, M F Nugraha⁴

1,3,4 Departement of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

2 Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7, Perancis Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. Semarang Chinatown has a potential to be developed as an alternative tourism attraction in Semarang. This area has a local distinctive identity, historical value, and many community events. Development of these events threatened the existence of traditional spaces in the area, marked by the threat of building functions transformation as a result of demands for the development of economic activities.The aim of this studyis to analyze the direction of appropriate community events as an effort to conserve Semarang Chinatown. The method of this study is a qualitative method using descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the event model that can be utilized in the preservation of Semarang Chinatown is a model of event that seeks to conserve the area, provide an additional income for the community, and involve the community in its development and implementation.

Warung Semawis is the right model of event to be utilized because it has an established routine intensity, good branding and interaction between communities, good event management, and cooperation.

Keywords: semarang chinatown, conservation, community events, warung semawis

1. Introduction

Almost every big city has Chinatown areabuilt as a place of residence for Chinese people who worked in the trade sector during the Dutch Government [1]. This area is an urban component that is unique in terms of aspects of ethnicity, function, architecture, historical background, and social culture [2]. However, these distinctive characteristics began to fade because of the modernization process which posed a threat to the sustainability of the region [2]. The process of modernization was marked by the development of economic activities that press the traditional spaces, causing a lot of building functions transformation.

Historical heritage in the area must be maintained. Therefore, conservation efforts are needed.

Conservation is the whole process of managing a place so that the content of its cultural meaning is well- maintained which includes all maintenance activities in accordance with local situations and conditions [3].

However, many of the conservation efforts that have been carried out ignore the involvement of local communities so that the typical environmental conditions and traditional spaces are starting to disappear.

In the past few decades, there was a debate emerged regarding to the importance of the involvement of local communities in the conservation of historic areas [4]. The local community is not involved in conservation efforts because it’s not on target.The community has a contribution in verifying the role of

new doc 2019-05-01 00.13.54 - Undip PAK Repository

Table of contents

Is Tehran’s Public Spaces Disability Friendly?

Analyzing Human Scale Space on Street Characteristics in The Tembalang Education Area

Strategizing the Methodology in Assessing Malaysia’s Heritage Urban River Corridor Landscapes

A Model of Community Events as a Cultural Heritage Conservation Effort in Semarang Chinatown