According to Bruce and Elert (1970), word stress in Swedish is variable, and words can have different meanings depending on where the main stress is placed, as found in banan [`bɑːnan] 'the road/walk'. According to standard accounts, Swedish has two word accent categories: accent I (acute), as in tomten [´tɔmːtən] 'the plot', and accent II (grave), as in tomten [`tɔmːtən] 'Santa Claus' (see Elert, 1970), though only the grave accent can be considered a real word accent.
A perspective into noun-before-verb bias: Evidence from Turkish-Dutch speaking bilingual children
Nouns in Turkish (Understanding) Verbs in Turkish (Understanding) Nouns in Dutch (Understanding) Verbs in Dutch (Understanding). Nouns in Turkish (production) Verbs in Turkish (production) Nouns in Dutch (production) Verbs in Dutch (production).
Language acquisition in childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive function: evidence for a shared nature. Cephalometric assessment of facial pattern and hyoid bone position in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
A Greek/English bilingual child’s acquisition of /fl/ and /vl/
It may be that the child realized his mistake by producing /f/→[s] and immediately corrected himself by producing [sf]. Non-contextual productions of [fl] and [vl] begin to occur at about the same age as contextual ones, which indicates rule overgeneralization in the child's phonetic repertoire.
How much should phones weigh in computing phonological word proximity?
In Ingram's theorem, n equals 1 and therefore the weight of PCC is always less than the weight of PPD, independent of the speech sample, since the proportion of directed consonants, PC, to all targeted segments is less than 1. Now will p, the weight of PCC, are compared to the weight of the proportion of deleted consonants relative to the target consonants, for different values of n.
Comparison of PCC and PPD weights
The quantity in parentheses is a decreasing function of nPC and is less than 1, which means that the change in PWP is smaller than the change in PPD and becomes even smaller as nPC increases. It should be noted that the quantity in parentheses in equation (9) is always less than 1, so the change in PWP is less than the change in p.
In the second case, phonological word proximity, PWP, calculated from performances over different speech samples will be investigated. The change of p can be seen in Figure 2, where it is plotted for different values of PC for n=1 and n=2.
Effect of relative phone weight (n) on p
Suppose the PWP corresponding to the performance of a speech sample is calculated using the weight p of the other speech sample. Furthermore, equation (10) gives the difference in the change of PWP for two arbitrary values of n, for a given ΔPPD.
Multilingualism and acquired neurogenic speech disorders
In particular, we can mention laryngectomy - which leads to the adoption of esophageal or tracheoesophageal speech or the use of external devices to create a source of noise, and glossectomy - the partial or complete removal of the tongue (for further see Bressmann, 2013). details). The systematic features of Ms. H's output show overlap with French and English phonological systems and structure.
Same challenges, diverse solutions: Outcomes of a crosslinguistic project in phonological development
Some of the low-frequency mismatch patterns provide insight into the dialect question (see Table 2 for the number of children showing various mismatches). Nonlinear phonological analysis of the speech of Manitoba French-speaking preschoolers with extended phonological development.
Non-native perception of English voiceless stops
Mean percentage of correct scores in identifying the aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops. As observed in Figure 5 , Portuguese learners outperformed Catalan learners in identifying two of the target allophones. Mean percentage of correct scores in identifying the aspirated voiceless stops Language experience.
We hypothesized that language experience would have a positive effect on the perception of the English allophonic contrast. Moreover, the advanced learners (after explicit phonetic (articulatory) instruction) tend to improve the production of the target contrast.
Exploring the voice onset time of Spanish learners of Mandarin
The post hoc multiple comparison (Bonferroni) indicated that our participants produced registers adjacent to the vowel /e/ and /i/ that were longer than those adjacent to the vowel /a/, and produced registers adjacent to /u/ longer than those adjacent to the vowel /a/ and /o/. In this sense, our results provide further evidence to support the claim in SLM, i.e. the influence of the perceptual ability of the original sound. This may explain why VOT values are longer and more recognizable for registers next to vowel [i].
In other words, because registers next to the vowel /i/ have longer VOT values, participants can better perceive this. The only similarity between perception and production in our result is that stops next to the vowel /i/ get a longer VOT than those next to the vowel /a/ (Higgins et al., 1988).
The development and standardisation of the bilingual Maltese- English speech assessment (MESA)
Other information was collected regarding the child's primary language and the language(s) used at home. Accuracy and consistency of the MESA were measured by test–retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. The utility of the MESA was also confirmed by data from a clinical population (not part of the larger study group).
This points to the validity of the MESA as a clinical tool for the diagnosis of speech disorders. That is why the MESA leads to an improvement in the quality of life of the communication impaired population.
Gradience in multilingualism and the study of comparative bilingualism: A view from Cyprus
We suggest that these findings are best captured by the Socio-Syntactic Hypothesis of Development (Grohmann, 2011), that is, that a clear 'schooling factor' is involved in children's grammar development. Valleau (eds.), BUCLD 38: Proceedings of the 38th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, vol. Ralli (ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dialects of Modern Greece and Linguistic Theory (Mytilene, Greece: 30 September-3 October 2004) (pp. 83-98).
Zebib (Eds.), Selected proceedings of the Romance Turn IV workshop on Romance language acquisition (pp. 128-152). Bilingual benefits in executive functioning: Issues of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and identification of the theoretical constructs.
Are speech sound disorders phonological or articulatory? A spectrum approach
It turned out that a group of children with SSD showed a similar pattern to the typically developing children in that they showed a correlation between word complexity and PCC. The range of scores for children with a phonological delay is limited (about 10% or less), while those for children with a delay are wider (meaning about 25%). The second study is a longitudinal study of the speech of 20 two-year-old children with a repaired infant lip/palate.
The second study that provides evidence for a phonological spectrum approach to SSD concerns a recent study of the speech of children with cleft lip/palate (CLP) (Ingram & Scherer, 2015). Children with speech-sound disorders are children challenged with greater articulatory difficulties than typically developing children.
Voice onset time of the voiceless alveolar and velar stops in bilingual Hungarian-English children and their monolingual
Voice onset time of the voiceless alveolar and velar stops in Hungarian-English bilingual children and their monolingual counterparts.
Hungarian peers
This time, the statistical difference between the bilingual and monolingual groups was found in the duration of the voiceless stop /k/ (Z = -2.904; p = 0.004). Our hypothesis was confirmed in the case of the voiceless stop /k/ when all data were considered. In the case of the dental stop, the significant difference in bilingual and monolingual pronunciation VOT could not be detected in any of the speaking tasks.
Our third hypothesis, that the speaking task affects VOT, was confirmed in the case of the velar stop /k/. It clearly showed that bilingualism exerts an influence on VOT in the case of Hungarian pronunciation.
Structural language deficits in a child with DiGeorge syndrome
Evidence from Greek
The children were divided into two groups, one group that included children with SLI of the same chronological age as PI and a control group, namely a chronological age-matched group. We compared PI's mother's education level (undergraduate degree from university) with the education levels of the mothers of the other two groups. PI showed no significant difference from the TLD counterparts on the remaining two subtests of the DVIQ, namely understanding of metalinguistic concepts (t p = .08) and expressive vocabulary.
The purpose of this study was to provide evidence on the language profile of SJV. This study was a preliminary investigation of the language profile of DGS compared to children with SLI (as well as a typically developing control group).
The MAIN of narrative performance: Russian-Greek bilingual children in Cyprus
Individual productions per child for story structure (telling vs. retelling) Story structure (total/17 scores)
Individual productions per child for story complexity (telling vs. retelling)
Individual productions per child for internal state terms (telling vs. retelling) Total number of internal state terms in tokens (IST: 1 point each)
Cross-linguistic interaction: A retrospective and prospective view
Transfer of long lag Spanish
Here we concentrate on their findings on duration and F0 in the French productions of the monolingual and bilingual children. The relationship between the phonological complexity of a bilingual child's words and that of the target languages. The acquisition of the voicing contrast in Spanish: a phonological study of word-initial stop consonants.
Cross-linguistic interaction in trilingual phonological development: the role of the input in the acquisition of the voicing contrast. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monolingual and Bilingual Speech (ISMBS 2015) (this volume), Chania, Greece.
Testing hypotheses on frequency effects in first language acquisition - noun plural inflection in Danish children
We see that 47% of all error forms in structured interviews are children producing a semi-productive plural marker instead of a fully productive plural marker (FP > SP). Of all forms of error in structured interviews, 66% are overgeneralizations of the semi-productive plural marker 'Ø' (pure zero, i.e. plural = singular). Danish children produce very few errors in the no-change category (transparent), followed by prosodic changes (partially transparent) and the fewest correct plural forms in the phonemic change category (non-transparent) (see Figure 3).
We made detailed analyzes of the plural error forms produced by the children in the structured interviews. Furthermore, we see that 51 % of the Pure Zeros (plural = singular) are in the experimental data.
Effects of English onset restrictions and universal markedness on listeners’ perception of English onset sequences resulting from
Effects of English onset constraints and universal marking on listeners' perception of English onset sequences resulting from.
Mean accuracy (AC) and response time (RT) for nonidentical items are given in Table 1 as a function of prime group legitimacy and number of syllables. Consequently, the results revealed that native English listeners were able to discriminate between attested and unattested initial clusters resulting from schwa deletion, indicating that they are aware of English phonotactic constraints on initial sequences. Another point of interest in this study was to determine whether native English listeners are sensitive to sonority-based distinctiveness of initial clusters.
Effects of L1 and sonority contours of onset in the perception of onset clusters Effects of L1 on the perception of attested vs. The results of the non-attested starting clusters were further analyzed in relation to the listeners' L1s and sonority profiles, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
