39
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS OF SETTLEMENT RELOCATION MODEL
There are several steps on relocation model analysis in the discussion of chapter four. The first step is the identification of eruption zone and relocation object. Analyses on three aspects are executed. The first is the physical aspect which is done to find land suitability from the aspect of physical condition or nature condition. Meanwhile, the second step is the community aspect which is related to the fulfillment of community’s basic needs and focuses on the accessibility of the place in reaching public facilities and infrastructures. The last one is governmental aspect. The new area of settlement relocation should be compatible with government’s directions and regulation.
4.1 Identification of Impacted Settlement as Relocation Object Most areas of Kemalang are vulnerable to eruption. Balerante Village, as a part of Kemalang sub-district, has been impacted by Merapi eruption. Balerante is not the only area hit by the eruption, but it experienced the most damages. Other villages in Kemalang sub-district are also considered as vulnerable based on the level of hazard.
Balerante Village is considered as the most vulnerable because settlements damages caused by Merapi’s eruption in 2010 are mostly happened in this place.
Dealing with upcoming disaster, Balerante Village should be prioritized in the relocation to avoid either physical damages or financial losses. The following map shows areas that belong to vulnerable zones.
The Geological Agency of Indonesia (parent agency for CVGHM, BPPTK and MVO) monitors the eruptive activity and issues warnings and recommendations for areas to be evacuated (Phillipe, 2013). The area marked by a blue circle indicates the object of relocation. Inside the circle, there are 573 household belong to hazardous zone III, which are very prone to the volcano eruption. However, according to Emergency Response Agency Of Central Java
(BPBD JATENG) there are only 165 household which should be prioritized in relocation action.
FIGURE IV.1
RELOCATION OBJECT ON IMPACTED SETTLEMENT OF MERAPI ERUPTION
4.2 Criteria of Relocation
There are three criteria used in relocation model. The first is the physical aspect, the second is the government aspect and the last is the community aspect.
Variables in the physical aspect are obtained from the literature while variables in the governmental and community aspect are obtained from direct interview to the government officials and local village leader. The sample chosen in this study is the division head of infrastructures and physical planning of BAPPEDA as the
Direct Impacted Settlement
Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
41
representatives of government officials. Mr. Sugeng as the division head of infrastructures and physical planning has the capacity to explain a point of view of government aspect. Meanwhile, other sample is taken from the chief or locals of Balerante village as the representatives of the community. Mr. Sukono as the chief village has the capacity in representing community aspirations.
4.2.1. Physical Aspect Analysis
In the previous chapter (ch.2), the importance of the physical aspect in defining the most suitable land for settlement relocation has been clearly described. Based on the theory review, the natural physical aspect is determined as one of the main analyses by setting four variables as a measurement. It consists of topographical land slopes, geology condition, hydrology condition, and soil type condition. The maps of physical variables are overlaid based on each weight. This step is also known as weighted overlay. Weighting is done to show the influence of each variable to its related aspect. Weighted overlay is expressed in percent (%) where the total amount is 100%. Influence level on each variable is varied, so it also gives different proportion on the weight. Land slopes variable has the biggest weight in comparison to other variables. It has 40% weight while other variable only has 20%. The reason is related to the natural condition of study area that tends to be sloping in most of the area. This sloping condition gives bigger influence on the risk of natural disasters such as an eruption, earthquake, and landslide. That is why the weight of land slopes variables is twice bigger than others.
On the other hand, scoring is done on each variable with a value of 1 to 5 where the higher the score means the higher suitability level of the land. For an example, areas with a high degree of slope will earn a small score because the higher the slope, the smaller the score. Meanwhile, the scoring on the hydrological conditions depends on the availability of the sources of water. This method is also applied for geology and soil type condition. The score is given according to the type of rock and the soil.
TABLE IV.1
SCORE AND CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL ASPECT VARIABLES
Variables Characteristic Score Weigh
(1) Land slopes Flat (0 – 2 %) 1 40%
Sloping (2 – 15 %) 2
Low steep (15 – 25%) 3
Steep (25 – 45%) 4
Very steep (>45%) 5
(2) Geology condition Dacite 1 20%
Merapi volcanic rocks 3
Old merapi volcanic rocks 5
(3) Hydrology condition Scarce Groundwater 1 20%
Local productive aquifer 2
Widespread productive aquifer 3 Widespread with medium productivity 4 Widespread aquifer with high productivity 5
(4) Soil type condition Litosol - gre- regosol 1 20%
Grey brown regosol 3
Grey regosol 5
4.2.2. Governmental Aspect
One of the most important aspects to be considered in relocation action is regulatory factors. The policy about spatial planning has been regulated by the central government. However, it needs to be in line with the relevant local authorities. By considering this situation, researchers have conducted short interviews with government officials at the BAPPEDA Klaten. Mr. Sugeng Santoso as the division head of infrastructures and physical planning is addressed as the sample representatives for giving some information related to government aspect The main question given to him is “what are the the aspects taken into consideration on finding a relocation area for impacted settlement of Merapi eruption?”
According to Mr. Sugeng, there are some aspects that should be considered in relocation action:
“Relocation should be in accordance with government’s planning regulations. It means that settlements must not be located in conservation and disaster area.”
He also implied that most area in Kemalang is sloping, then said “should pay attention on the land slope level, for secure settlement the maximum slope is 30%“
Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
43
“For mitigation purpose, of course the settlement location should be close to the evacuation route, just be prepared if there was an emergency situation” he added.
He also mentioned that he land provided by the government for every house in the relocation area is 150m2, consisting of 100 m2 for the building and 50m2 for open spaces.
Based on the information obtained from the government sources, the researchers selected some criteria that can be used as variables in the relocation model. The criteria chosen as variables in the government aspects have been adapted to land use regulation based on government spatial plan of Klaten. The governmental aspect variables are also inferred as elimination criteria because based on the regulations these areas are not allowed or permitted to be relocation referrals. It is the same as physical aspect variables where score is also given on each variable of governmental aspect. Though there is a little difference on the scoring technique. The score in the physical aspect variable is ranging from 1 to 5, while the score in the government aspect is ranging from 0 to 1. The scoring method is given to identify restricted zones so it could be eliminated. a zero (0) score is given to the restricted area while score of one (1) is given for unrestricted area. The detail explanation about variables of the government aspect and the scoring criteria can be seen as follows:
1. Conservation & Riverbanks Area
Conservation area in Kemalang sub-district is divided into National Park of Merapi (TNGM) and riverbanks. These areas are classified into zero growth area which means a new settlement is not allowed to be built in this place. Conservation area map is obtained from the identification of “pola ruamg” map.
2. Existing Settlement Area
Existing settlement map represents the location of an actual settlement in the study area. The new area should be in vacant land because it is not possible to relocate settlement in an existing build up area. Like the conservation area, existing settlement map is also obtained from the identification of “pola ruamg”
map.
3. Volcano Hazard Area
According to government regulation, the hazardous areas are classified into three categories based on the vulnerability level.
Disaster Hazard Zone III (KRB III) is located close to the source of danger.
The location is often stricken by hot clouds, lava flows, rock falls, rock burst and heavy ash fall. Villages belong to this zone are some part of Tegalmulyo, Sidorejo, Balerante.
Disaster Hazard Zone II (KRB II) is potentially impacted by the mass flow of hot cloud, lava flows, as well as material drops and hurl incandescent rocks.
Villages belong to this zone are part of Tegalmulyo, Sidorejo, Balerante, panggang and bawukan.
Disaster Hazard Zone I (KRB I) is potentially stricken by the cold lava or flooding and has possibility of being affected by the expansion of hot clouds and lava flows. Villages belong to this zone are some part of Panggang, Kendalsari, Talun.
TABLE IV.2
SCORE AND CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT ASPECT VARIABLES
No. Variables Area Classification Score
1 Conservation Area Merapi’s National Park & Riverbanks Area 0
Other Area 1
2 Riverbanks Area 0-50 Meter Buffer Area 0
>50 Meter Buffer Area 1
3 Existing Settlement Area Build Up Area 0
Non Build Up Area 1
4 Volcano Hazard Area Hazard Zone 1,2,3 0
Non Hazard Zone 1
Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
4.2.3. Community Aspect
In order to get some information related to community aspect, researcher went to the location of study area (Balerante village) and met the chief / locality (kades) of Balerante village, Mr. Sukono. From him, researcher found out that the community lives in the volcano hazard zone has high local wisdom. They already felt comfortable with the surroundings and mostly reluctant to be relocated. “It was mainly because we have a very fertile soil and a peaceful environment,” he said.
The researcher kept on asking questions related to relocation action. The question
45
was, “If relocation is the only option and should be done for the safety, what aspects did community considered as important and prior to be fulfilled in the new area of settlement?”
Answering this question, Mr. Sukono explained, “the first point is that we want to move together, we want the same neighbor as we have before and the new settlement location should be within the same sub-district.”
The reason is actually quiet simple it is because they thought the adjustment to a new place will be easier if they live in the same social environment.
“We also expect that the new settlement is as wide as the previous land” he added. Another aspects considered as important according to the community is about the settlement access. “The new settlement better be close to the location of livestock and fodder. It must have an easy access to the work place” he said. Not only that, he also implied that easy access to the main roads, school, health center, mosque and other public facilities are preferable. Community definitely wants adequate facilities and infrastructures in their new location of settlement.
In this study Mr. Sukono acted as community representatives and elaborated community point of view, so he used “we” instead of “i” as pronoun in answering the question, while the researcher used “they” or “their”to refer the community.
Based on the interview, it can be concluded that the emphasis of society basic needs is on the importance of accessibility to facilities and the infrastructure.
The analysis in community aspect is emphasizing on the range of accessibility to roads, evacuation routes, shelter, high voltage wires, and other public facilities such as the range of educational facilities, health facilities as well as worship facilities. The determination of an ideal access to reach facilities was done by creating a buffer on roads, high voltage wires and evacuation centers. The buffer distances on each aspect were different from one to another. It depends on the rules and assumptions adapted based on the public’s ability to access the facility. The more varied the facilities and infrastructures of the residential means the higher the possibility it is chosen as the residential location.
1. The Existing Road
The road used as a parameter in this study is a collector road. In this variable, there are some classifications which depend on the buffer distance. It measured from how far people can walk within a period of 10-15 minutes. The classification criteria is <500m,500-1000m, and > 1000m.
TABLE IV.3
SCORE AND BUFFER DISTANCE OF EXISTING ROAD VARIABLES
No. Distance Walking Time Estimation
Score 1 <500 m <10 minute 5 2 500-1000 m 10-15 minute 3 3 >1000 m >15minute 1 Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
2. Evacuation Route
Based on the field observation, evacuation route on Kemalang districts do not use special track but use the available collector raods. Therefore, the determination of buffer distance on evacuation routes uses the same classification as the existing road variables.
TABLE IV.4
SCORE AND BUFFER DISTANCE OF EVACUATION ROUTE VARIABLES
No. Distance Walking Time Estimation
Score 1 <500 m <10 minute 5 2 500-1000 m 10-15 minute 3 3 >1000 m >15 minute 1 Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
3. Shelter Point
The buffer distance on shelter point is 500 meters. This distance is considered as the safest distance so a score of 5 is given as the highest score. Meanwhile a score of 1, as the lowest score, is given to the settlement location with over 500 meters distance.
47
TABLE IV.5
SCORE AND BUFFER DISTANCE OF SHELTER POINT VARIABLES
No. Distance Walking Time Estimation
Score 1 <500 m <10 minute 5 2 >500 m >10 minute 1 Source: Analysis of Researcher, 20144
4. High-Voltage Tower (SUTET)
The unavailability of electricity network map is the main reason why the researcher chose high voltage wires as a reference. The buffer distance of voltage wiresis SNI 04-6918-2002which refers to "free space and minimum free distance of high-voltage wires." The rules are described as follows:
The minimum vertical clearance of conductors to the building is 9 meters.
The minimum clearance from the horizontal axis to the tower is 22 metes for a single circuit of 500 kilovolt high-voltage wires and 17 meers for double circuit of 500 kilovolt high-voltage wires.
The high-voltage tower found the study area is 1000 kilovolt high-voltage wires. However, there is no explanation about the double or single circuit description. Based on the information, a safe buffer distance is assumed as far as 50 meters.
TABLE IV.6
SCORE AND BUFFER DISTANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE TOWER VARIABLES
No. Distance SNI Regulation Score 1 <50 m Not Recommended 1
2 >50 m Recommended 5
Source: SNI 04-6918-2002, Modified by Researcher, 2014
5. Public Facilities Availability
Access to the health, educational and worship facilities are determined using scalogram diagram method. Statistical data of facilities on each village are obtained from bps. After that, it is processed into a scalogram diagram. The output of scalogram diagram is a facility access hierarchy from low, medium to high. The next step is making the public facility map through spatial processed.
The specific information about each facility could be seen in the following table.
TABLE IV.7
SCALOGRAM DIAGRAM
THE AVAILABILITY OF EDUCATION, HEALTH & WORSHIP FACILITIES
4.3 Model Analysis and Output Classification
The analysis of relocation model is split into three sub-models; physical aspect, government aspect, and community aspect. Splitting model method is intended to make a clear explanation in each step so it will be more understandable. The complete relocation model is shown in the figure below:
Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
Sub Model 1:
Physical Aspect
Sub Model 2:
Government Aspect
Sub model 3:
Community Aspect
Symbols description:
Input
Output Process/
Command
Source: Analysis of Researcher 2014 FIGURE IV.2
GIS RELOCATION MODEL
The specific process of relocation model is breakdown into several steps:
STEP I Sub-Model 1 / Physical Aspect
Physical variables consisted of land slopes condition map, soil type map, geology condition map, and hydrology condition map. The process of the physical aspect sub- modeling began by inputting each variable (*.shp format) on a model builder tools. Before overlaying the variables according to each weigh, the format was converted into raster.
FIGURE IV.3
PHYSICAL ASPECT SUB-MODEL
Weighted overlay process was chosen instead of union overlay because each variable had different proportion of influences. Land slope gave the highest influence in the physical aspect, so the weight was twice heavier. It was 40% of weight. The weighted overlay process on model builder and the output of physical aspect sub-model are shown in the following figure:
Source: Analysis of Researcher, 2014
51
FIGURE IV.4
WEIGHTED OVERLAY PROCESS ON MODEL BUILDER OF PHYSICAL ASPECT SUB-MODEL
FIGURE IV.5
PHYSICAL ASPECT OUTPUT ATRIBUTES
Source : Analysis ofResearcher, 2014
Source : Analysis ofResearcher, 2014
FIGURE IV.6
OUTPUT OF SUB-MODEL 1 (PHYSICAL ASPECT MAP)
There are four criteria in the output of physical aspect sub-model; very low, low, medium, high, and very high.
STEP II Sub-Model 2 / Governmental Aspect
Governmental aspect variables consisted of conservation area map, river flow map, existing settlement map, and volcano hazard zones map. Like previous sub model, the process of government aspect sub modeling began by inputting each variable (*.shp format) on model builder tools.
Physical Aspect Map
Very low Low Medium High Very high Suitability Based on Physical Aspect
Source : Analysis ofResearcher, 2014
The next step was dragging “union” commands from the arc toolbox by selecting analysis tools-overlay-union. Unlike the other, buffer process was needed for river flow map before the overlay process was done. The union overlay output is shown as gov_aspect.shp. The similar action was taken for different objects. First output (*gov_aspect.shp) is union with the village administration map (*admin desa kemalang).
Once it was done, last action in this sub model was converting the output files (*gov_aspect_adm.shp) into raster data set. The reason of why output needed to be converted was related to the action that was going to be done in the step IV.
FIGURE IV.7
GOVERNMENT ASPECT SUB-MODEL
Output of government aspect sub-model is shown in the following map:
Source: Analysis of Researcher,2014
FIGURE IV.8
OUTPUT OF SUB-MODEL 2 (GOVERNMENTAL ASPECT MAP)
STEP III Sub-Model 3/Community Aspect
Community aspect variables consisted of existing road map, evacuation route map, shelter point map, electrical tower (sutet) map and public facilities availability map. First, buffer process was applied on every single variable except for public facilities availability variables. However, there were two kinds of buffer process in sub model 3; multiple ring buffer and single buffer. Multiple ring buffer was used for existing road map and evacuation route map, while single buffer was used for shelter point map and electrical tower (sutet) map.
Source : Analysis ofResearcher, 2014
The next was overlaying all community aspect variables, including each variable which was already buffered and public facilities availability variables in union overlay process. Afterwards, the output from union overlay process was clipped by village administration map. If all the steps in step III are successfully executed, community aspect map was obtained as a result. Community aspect map provided information about accessibility level of public facilities and infrastructures in each village of Kemalang Sub District. Like the previous sub model process, buffer, union overlay and clip commands could be found in arc toolbox of Arc-GIS software.
-
FIGURE IV.9
COMMUNITY ASPECT SUB-MODEL The output of government aspect sub-model is shown in the following map:
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
FIGURE IV.10
OUTPUT OF SUB MODEL 3 (COMMUNITY ASPECT MAP)
STEP IV Weighted Overlay Sub Model 1 (*physic_raster) & 2 (*gov_aspect_raster)
In step IV, the output of sub model 1 and 2 were used as an input. Weighted overlay process was conducted in this process by combining the output of physical aspect sub model (obtained from weighted overlay process of sub model 1 - *physic_raster) and the output of government aspect sub model (obtained from union overlay process of sub model 2 - *gov_aspect_raster). The weigh for each variables were 25% on physical aspect and 75% on governance aspect. The
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
57
weighted overlay process on model builder and the output of sub-model in step IV are shown in the following figure:
FIGURE IV. 12
OUTPUT ATRIBUTES OF STEP IV
Government aspect map as an input on this step has bigger weigh because it functioned as elimination variable which contained restricted area on it. The weigh has 1:3 comparisons between physical aspect and government aspect. They were 25% on physical output variable and 75% on government output variable.
FIGURE IV.11
WEIGHTED OVERLAY PROCESS ON MODEL BUILDER OF STEP IV
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
Physical Aspect Map
Very low Low Medium High Very high Suitability Based on Physical Aspect
FIGURE IV.13
THE INPUT & OUTPUT MAP OF STEP IV
OUTPUT INPUTS
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
59
As it can be seen from figure IV.13, the output of step IV is similar to the output of governmental aspect sub-model. This happened because the government variable had a bigger weight than the physical variable (see figure IV.13). That was why the government aspect became more dominant. Government aspect was a prior aspect because it was related to regulation and policy, so this variable also acts as an elimination variable. Elimination variable was represented by a zero (0) score. This makes every score which overlaid to it became unavailable or eliminated. As seen in the figure IV.. , every classification on physical aspect, no matter high, medium or low, which met the low class of government aspect would eventually be classified as low.
However, the low class from physical aspect could change into high or medium if it meets the higher classification on government aspect.
STEP V Final Output (*relocationmodel.shp)
Final output was obtained from union overlay process of sub model 3 (*social_aspect.shp) &the overlay output of sub model 1-2 (*Physicgov.shp). Finally, 6 criteria appeared as the final output map on GIS settlement relocation model process;
not available with low accessibility, not available with medium accessibility, not available with high accessibility, available with low accessibility, available with medium accessibility and available with high accessibility. Basically the six criteria could be reduced to make them simpler. On the final output, there are three hierarchies of access level. The hierarchy on “available” criteria is was needed in determining the best location, but the hierarchy on “not available” criteria is useless. However, the area was categorized as not available, so whatever the hierarchy was, it was not helping on determining anything.
On the next sub-chapter, relocation Map as the model output was simplified into four classifications, i.e. not available, available with low accessibility, available with medium accessibility, and available with high accessibility. The simplified map of relocation area is shown on the next sub-chapter.
FIGURE IV.14
THE INPUT & FINAL OUTPUT MAP OF STEP V
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
49
61
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
STEP IV
STEP V
FIGURE IV.15
THE PROCESS OF STEP IV & V
4.4 Analysis of Final Output
Final output of GIS relocation model is a map which classified location based on its availability and accessibility status. As stated before, relocation map as the model output was simplified into four classifications, i.e. not available, available with low accessibility, available with medium accessibility, and available with high accessibility. The criteria of relocation area are shown on the following table.
TABLE IV.8
RELOCATION AREA BASED ON CRITERIA IN KEMALANG SUB DISTRICT
No. Criteria Area (m2) Percentage (%)
1 Not available 35.43748056 68%
2 Available – low accessibility 10.88708415 21%
3 Available – medium accessibility 3.382845381 6%
4 Available – high accessibility 2.722800762 5%
Total 52.4302107 100,00
Source: Analysis of researcher, 2014
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
FIGURE IV.16
SIMPLYFY CRITERIA OF FINAL OUTPUT MODEL (SETTLEMENT RELOCATION AREA MAP)
63
On relocation model, governments have planned to provide 150m2 land to the society for each household. The provision is 100m2 for the building and 50m2 for open space. The numbers of household that need to be relocated are 165. It means that government needs to provide 2.5 ha of land for relocation area.
In contrary with government's point of view, society prefers to move communally and demands a settlement area as large as the previous neighborhood. On the interview, the chief of the residents said that every household owns about 1000m2 of land in the current area. It means that mathematically the overall land requirement is 16.5 ha. In comparison to the land requirement on government aspect, the choice becomes a bit more limited.
However this requirement can still be met even in relatively fewer options. The relocation area available according to the physical, government, and community aspect is shown on the following table and map:
TABLE IV.9
RELOCATION AREA PRIORITY
BASED ON PHYSICAL, GOVERNMENT & COMMUNITY ASPECT
Village Area (ha) Total Area (ha) Relocation Area Priority
Bawukan 4.16 4.16
Bumiarjo
2.69
9.61 2.91
4.01 Dompol
2.84
19.56 4.12
12.6
Kemalang 3.69
8.97 5.28
Kendalsari
4.8
38.3 13.4
20.1 2
Panggang 14.9 14.9
Sidorejo 13.6 13.6
Talun 5.59
32.39
26.8 3
Tangkil
2.5
20.6 8.28
9.82 Tlogowatu
5.67
23.09 7.42
10 Tegalmulyo
3.8
50.3 10.6
35.9 1
Source: Analysis of researcher, 2014
FIGURE IV.17
PRIORITY RELOCATIONAREA MAP 2
3
20.1 Ha 26.8 Ha KENDALSARI VILLAGE
TALUN VILLAGE
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
65
4.5 Validation
After a relocation map was obtained as an output of GIS modeling, validation will be needed. Validation step is crucial to found out whether the output of the model is in accordance with the facts in the field or not. Validation was done by making a grid as far as 5km on the map of GIS output model, then converting the format of grid maps and outputs maps from SHP into KMZ. The next step was transforming the map into Google Earth application and checking the location on each grid. The validation results can be seen in following figure.
67
There are 224 points of the sample locations on the model output which need to be validated. Validation method was done by comparing the analytical results with observations through Google Earth application. Based on the observations, there are 22 invalid points that do not match the field conditions. On the map, invalid areas are indicated by black point, while the valid areas are symbolized by white point. The details can be seen in the following table.
TABLE IV.10
RELOCATION MODEL VALIDATION
No Area Invalid Point Output Map Criteria (number-color symbols)
Observation Result
1 Tegalmulyo Village
2 Point (40, 33)
Available with medium accessibility (40)
Identified a pattern that appear as soil erosion Available with high
accessibility (33)
Identified a pattern that appear as soil erosion 2 Tlogowatu
Village
2 Point (60, 71)
Available with medium accessibility (60)
Build up area
Not available (71) Vacant land, secure area
3 Tangkil Village
3 Point (103, 113, 114)
Not available (103, 114) Available (vacant land) Available – medium
accessibility (113)
Build-up area
4 Bumiharjo Village
6 Point (112, 121, 122,
123, 133,135)
Not available (112, 121, 122, 123, 133,135)
Available (vacant land)
5 Kendalsari Village
3 Point (120,145,157)
Available with medium accessibility (145)
Build up area
Available with high accessibility (157)
Erosion area
Not available (120) Vacant land, secure area 6 Panggang
Village
1 Point Not available Available (vacant land)
7 Bawukan Village
2 Point (166, 205)
Not available (166, 205) Available (vacant land)
8 Sidorejo 3 point
(67; 68; 79)
Not Available (67, 68) Vacant land, secure area Available – low
accessibility (79)
Build-up area
Source : Analysis of Researcher, 2014
Another method to check the validity of a model is by comparing valid sample to total sample then calculating it into percentages.
= Total Valid Sample Total Sample
= 202 / 224 x 100% = 90% or 0,902
If validation score appeared as 1 or close to 1, it means that the model is acceptable and is categorized as valid. By referring to the calculation, the settlement the settlement relocation model is a valid model.
69 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Research Findings
Some findings found from the research entitled “Relocation Destination Model for Merapi Eruption’s Impacted Settlement in Balerante Village, Kemalang Sub-District, Klaten District.”:
1. The selection of the relocation area from the GIS relocation model based on natural physical, governmental and community aspects was divided into four categories: not available, available with low accessibility, available with medium accessibility, and available with high accessibility. This classification provides information about the area that is considered as available or not available for relocation action.
2. GIS Relocation Model for impacted settlement of eruption consists of three aspects, i.e. natural physical aspect, governmental aspect and community aspect. Each aspect has several variables:
a. Natural physical aspect: land slopes, geology condition, hydrology condition, and soil type condition.
b. Governmental aspect: conservation and riverbanks area, existing settlement area, and volcano hazard zones
c. Community aspect: existing road, evacuation route, shelter point, electrical tower (sutet) and public facilities.
3. Output models are the result of the scoring of overlay variables. Scoring value for each variable ranged from 0 to 5 in which the greater the score, the more land available and suitable for relocation.
4. Weighting process is executed in addition to scoring method. In this model, the weighting process is done two times. First, on the aspect of natural physical sub-models, the weighting was given to each variable with the provision of 40% for land slopes variable, and 20% for the other variables (geology, hydrology and soil type). The second weighting process was done on the overlay process of natural physical and governmental aspect. In this
