The resulting summaries of the original articles and books contain all relevant information to support the 33 chapters covering bearing design, manufacturing and effective use of plain bearings. $15.00 per copy. All you have to do is take a Diagraph-Bradley machine,” says one of the company officials, “cut one.
LUBRICATION IN THE NEWS
ASTM COMPILES STANDARDS ON PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
RESEARCH SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS NOW DOUBLE
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE LABORATORIES AWARDED
RESEARCH CONTRACT
RUSSIAN RUBBER
LITERATURE TRANSLATIONS AVAILABLE FROM OTS
LUBRICATION ENGINEERING
This will be limited to the first one hundred and fifty signatures for this tour). The role of a factory lubrication engineer in organizing a factory lubrication program with an emphasis on preventive maintenance.
LUBE IN THE NEWS
THE AMERICAN ROCKET SOCIETY AND NORTH-
FOUR SHORT COURSES ON CORROSION
GERMANS REPORT ALKALI PHOSPHATE LUBRICANTS
KAYDON DEVELOPS RESEARCH STUDY ON
INDUSTRY NOTES
NEW PRODUCTS
Margins of safety in synthetic jet lubricants are minimized by efforts to achieve the lowest possible costs. Be sure that your jet lubricants have the safety margin that Emolein Azelates provides.
LUBRICANT AND SEALER COMPOUND DEVELOPED
A new flush-type structural fastener with a high reuse factor is now in production by Aero Bolt and Screw Company, Inglewood, California. Many types of "O" rings are available and can be provided to successfully seal the largest variety of liquids and gases under wide variations in temperature range. Special metals, "O" rings, configurations and discs can be provided to meet special project requirements.
Cleans by alternately forcing clean, pressurized solvent and air through the bearing while turning the bearing's inner race.
NEW LOW-COST INDUSTRIAL LUBRICATOR DEVELOPED
High solvent flow (up to 1% g.p.m.), along with sharp air blasts, combined with internal churning, disintegrates and removes old lubricant and dirt particles within 30 seconds, even in shielded bearings with shields applied.
NEUTRALIZING AND OXIDATION ARRESTER FOR MOLYBDENUM
NEW SQUIRT MACHINE OILING DEVICE ANNOUNCED
NEW TRANSPARENT PLASTIC DRY FILM RUST PREVENTIVE DEVELOPED
CARTRIDGE FILLING MACHINE OFFERED
O-RING
UCON
BRAND
UNION CARBIDE CHEMICALS COMPANY
UNION . CARBIDE
PRODUCT LITERATURE
SECTION NEWS
HOTEL RESERVATIONS
DAILY ROOM TARIFF
PERSONALS
W. LINDERT
SATO SPECIAL OIL CO., LTD
SOCIETY NEWS
NEW ASLE MEMBERS DECEMBER, 1960
LABORATORY REPORT
BAROID CHEMICALS, INC
Boyd Editor
LUBRICATION IN SPACE
The oil temperature was maintained at 85 °C, while the vacuum in the bell jar was maintained at approximately 10 °mm Hg. The two bearings of each of these engines were lubricated with one of the selected oils or greases. In group II (see Figure 5), the bearings were still working; however, the condition of the lubricant promised little additional life.
Of the 15 lifetime lubricants tested, five oils and oil-grease combinations fall into Group I.
CONCLUSIONS
This group consists of two mineral oils for high temperatures, one silicone oil and two combinations of silicone oil and grease. Most of these are esters, one is a silicone oil, one a silicone-organic copolymer and one a mineral oil combined with a molydisulfide grease.
A method was devised for replacing a diesel oil in the system with the liquid without a shutdown of the equipment.
FIRE RESISTANT FLUID
INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARY LABORATORY TESTS
The phase diagram also shows that 13% of the liquid at 96F will be dissolved in the paraffinic base oil, and 32% of the liquid will be dissolved in the naphthenic base oil. The laboratory tests were considered to be an appropriate indication of results that can be expected from adding the fluid to an operating system; however, due to the critical operation of the compressors and the amount of oil involved, confirmation of the laboratory tests was desired under actual process conditions and full-size equipment. Since a test system with a prototype compressor was available, an operational test of the fluid as a lubricant, and the addition of the synthetic fluid to the oil system was feasible.
Extensive testing was carried out with this prototype equipment and the details of the testing and the results obtained are outlined below.
TEST EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE
This increase was evidently due to the inherent cleansing action of the fluid, which removed all residual petroleum products from the lines, filters and tank. Phosphate ester fluid added to the system as a supplement during the remainder of the test gradually reduced the oil content to below the minimum achieved by centrifugation. Analyzes of the liquid at the end of the test showed no increase in acid value or any noticeable change in the viscosity of the material.
A full inspection of the system pumps and valves was not required as no increased pump seal leakage was observed during the test.
SUMMARY
In a permanent system, the pump seals would probably need to be replaced with material resistant to phosphate esters.
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
COLD-ROLLING
LUBRICANTS
Until World War II, imported palm oil held a unique position as the standard lubricant for cold rolling. In 1946 a project (12) was started to investigate possible alternative materials available in the fats industry to replace palm oil. Since then, fatty substances such as beef tallow, cottonseed oil and others, with appropriate modifications, have successfully replaced palm oil in several steel mills.
Through the improvement of refining methods and through the development of derivatives in the grease industry as well as through the use of valuable additives, the rolling oil manufacturers aim to make lubricants not only "just as good" as palm oil but definitely better.
SYNTHESIS
COOX
However, with mechanical improvements and increased production rates of high-speed mills rated at 7,000 fpm, two specific trends in current rotary oil development are evident.
RESULT 4-BALL TORQUE
- An adequate hydrodynamic factor attributable to the well-dispersed hydrocarbon material
In addition to this, the steel industry is attempting a greater understanding of the value of lubrication in modern machinery. A polar function to satisfy boundary lubrication conditions by virtue of the lubricant having free fatty acids or their esters - new mixed esters that would be quite different from the original triglycerides of fatty acids. The experimental results shown in Table 1 indicate that performing Step I or Step II independently will result in products suffering from a lack of lubricity.
With the correct implementation of the proposed synthesis scheme, lubricants of adequate quality will be produced.
EVALUATION
The lubricants according to experiments 5 and 6 were produced both on a laboratory scale and on a pilot plant scale and were tested for lubricity.
TEMPERATURE
The 4-ball tester provides three points of contact in contrast to the line contact that usually exists in the
- Control of temperature of the ball pot, to permit testing the lubricant at controlled elevated tem-
A brief discussion of mill operation and testing method is appropriate here. This emulsion flows to the inlet side of the rolls and applies some beneficial oil to them. The base lubricity of the oil and the ability of a given oil suspension to deposit oil on metal surfaces are evaluated.
Friction coefficients are taken from a graphical solution of the Stone and Greenberger equations (15).
DISCUSSION
Increasing the test load on the lever arm to about 1100 kilograms so that the pressure at the point of contact would be about 1,000,000 pounds per square inch. Ball pot temperature control to allow lubricant testing at controlled elevated temperatures - Lubricant testing at controlled elevated temperatures representing mill operating conditions. According to this test, the torque value indicates the lubrication quality of the material, and the torque behavior during 900 seconds of operation is a measure of the properties of the lubricant film.
However, a good lubricant should provide a sufficiently thick coating and at the same time, by means of boundary protection, prevent excessive welding of the warping metal strip.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The friction coefficient was higher in the case of a less viscous lubricant if one did not consider experimental error in the laboratory mill test. The whole key to stepwise development of these synthetics was in the 4-ball torque tests (see Table 1). Lubricants with saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon oils and non-homogeneous compositions are easily screened in the 4-ball tester, which will either chatter or show erratic values of torque during the test period.
It is also indicated that mixtures of higher fatty acids may be superior to stearic acid alone, even in the presence of excessive fatty esters and hydrocarbons.
FLAT BACK BEARING for Railway Cars
PCFB BEARIN AAR-G BEARINGS
JOURNAL DIMENSIONS OF BEARINGS FIN DIMENSIONS OF WEDGES
The lubricating pad must meet AAR Specifica- tions
Successful performance of the rigid journal bearing assembly depends on maintaining film lubrication between the bearing and the journal (5). The bearing and wedge must distribute the bearing load uniformly on the journal and lateral movement of the journal must be limited. The rear dust guard assembly should keep oil in and water and dirt out of the journal box.
A Machine Tool Users' Opinion on Standardizing Lubricant Specifications, by John Welsh, Caterpillar Tractor Co.
BEARINGS—ROLLING ELEMENTS
ENGINE LUBRICATION
BEARINGS—SLIDING CONTACTS
GENERAL SESSION
FLUIDS FOR METAL WORKING
STAINLESS STEEL SYMPOSIUM
E. Campbell
The conclusions are that a rotor can be stabilized by increasing journal eccentricity and using a tighter bearing or a less viscous lubricant. Also, when working at speeds above two critical times, the amplitude of the oil whip can be softened by increasing the length of the bearing or using a more viscous lubricant. Selected literature compiled by members of the Association's Technical Committees and Industry Councils.
For ball bearings, the exact location of the load paths is found in each raceway.
LUBRICANT CHEMIST
ADVERTISERS INDEX
APPLICATION
MAINTENANCE DESIGN
SUBSCRIPTION CARD to someone in the field
SIONITU
SSAINISNG
LUBRICATION ENGINEERING’S READERS’ SERVICE CARD
NOILVINENT
SIONITH
DETACH SSANISNG
MAIL AT ONCE
Slow progress in this phase of engineering can be attributed to delayed recognition of the seriousness and complexity of the problem, neglect of education, and refusal of engineering as a whole to accept responsibility for these shortcomings. After years of experience, we have realized that the final elimination of boundary friction and wear as a complex will be based on testing. Of course, surface roughness is only one of many components that make up the complexity of boundary friction and wear.
To complete the study of the effect of surface treatment only for conditions not used in our tests, e.g.
WEAR LIFE
Friction and wear, the greatest source of industrial waste and the strongest single barrier to any substantial increases in the productivity of our machinery, is still a very complex phase of engineering. For example, it took 7,000 test machine hours to draw the chart on this page showing the importance of surface finish and the methods used to produce it. A large number of these ingredients appeared in our test data and will need to be investigated separately.
X – Sandblasted, phosphated and bonded solid film lubricant O – Sandblasted and bonded solid film lubricant.
THOUSANDS OF REVOLUTIONS
5 roughing benches, Farval's positive, reliable lubrication is in continuous operation to prevent overheated and damaged bearings - costly mill downtime. A central bulk filling system is currently being designed and installed that will serve all of the plant's Farval automatic stations. Three of the many automatic, timed Farval Central Stations that serve Kaiser Steel's rolling facilities.
Wherever you see Farval's signs – familiar valve manifolds, dual lubricant lines and central pumping station – you know that industrial equipment is properly lubricated.
SYSTEMS OF
On their 45 x 90-inch Universal Slabbing Mill, Kaiser engineers installed 15 Farval systems to serve more than 1400 vital bearings.