The data was analyzed based on community understanding and opinion through a qualitative approach. All forms of patorani are laid down in the customary rules and the rules of the Galesong community. The second stage of the ceremony takes place on the beach near the patorani.
After the fishing gear dua is recited by punggawa, sawi then places pakkaja and balla-balla floats (ammanyu-manyu) on the surface of the sea. They leave in the eastern season, in March or April, based on the observation of the season by the appakruru performed. Patorani community shows a form of conservation that is wise, through local human knowledge in their treatment of the environment.
Conclusion And Suggestion (recommendation) Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded
Preserve values of local wisdom traditional ceremony Rambu Solo Toraja's South Sulawesi tribe as character education efforts. Cultural values of natural resources among the San people bordering Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa.
Perbaikan Revisi 1
Local Knowledge System Patorani in fisheries Resources Conservation Education in Galesong District South Sulawesi
- Introduction
- Method
- Results And Discussion 1. Results
- Knowledge in the Ceremony Preparation (Appakruru and Accaruk-caruk) Preparation activities forms were done by patorani are the core activities in the form
- Knowledge of Making and Operating Fishing Pole
- Knowledge of the Torani Position
- Knowledge in the Fishing Activities
- Knowledge in Sailing
- Conclusion
The local culture of the community reflects different values and meanings in their every behavior in life. The maker of local culture in Indonesia becomes a cultural heritage that belongs together in a single unit of cultural wealth of the nation. The appearance of wise actions towards the environment is clearly seen in one of the Patorani knowledge, it is through the use of local and simple fishing tools, i.e. pakkaja and balla-balla.
The result of the observation showed that the Patoran fisherman is based on a knowledge that contains magical rules and values related to the sciences (pangngissengang). The behavior derived from these values showed the actions of the fishing community in ancient times, which became a habit. The FGD results also showed that trust naturally grows in the fishing community through experience and habits to apply and retain two types of knowledge (erang).
The two knowledges are knowledge of ins and outs shipping (erang passimombalang) and knowledge of fishing methods and technology (erang pakboya-boyang). The survival of this local culture is due to the Patorani's ability to recognize physical phenomena that bring luck to their survival, it is related to human interaction with the physical nature which still maintains the conservation of aquatic biological resources in Galesong District. The bottom of the pakkaja is tied with one to three balla-balla, which serves as a place for torani fish to lay eggs.
Stick a coconut leaf as a marker on the outside of the pakkaya to make it easier to find when checking. Lower the stern first, because it is heavier, while the sides are lowered and allowed to float close to the surface of the sea and sometimes partially submerged. Additionally, on the outside pakkaya tied with coconut leaves as a floating point marker.
The operation of pakkaja and balla-balla fishing gear is to use a boat that is on board in a state where the engine is not ringing so that the atmosphere of the water becomes calm. The local community's way of acting has its own norms and rules that distinguish it from other individuals and groups (Maridi, 2015). The patorani local knowledge system is able to survive because of their belief that it is able to generate principles, concepts and ways to maintain equilibrium and sustainable management of the environment and resources.
Patorani local knowledge system in fisheries resources conservation education in Galesong District South Sulawesi
Results and Discussion
- Results deskripsi lokasi penelitian
- Discussion
- Knowledge in the Ceremony Preparation (Appakruru and Accaruk-caruk) The core activities in the preparation process of patorani consist of a salvation
- Knowledge of the Fishing Activities
He explained that in the process of catching flying fish in the sea, they (patorani) maintain the water condition. In the first phase, the ceremony is performed on boats that will be used in the patorani sailing to catch torani fish and collect the eggs. Meanwhile, the second phase is carried out together with the traditional structures of the patorani.
The first stage of the ceremony is the reading of barazanji (sacred verses) by people who have been appointed and ends with a prayer led by the anrongguru (traditional teacher). The technological development of fishing gear in the Patorani community is not influenced by external technologies, as the technology is always developed according to local knowledge. Both are placed in the water while tied to floating bamboo that acts as a marker.
The local knowledge of Torani fishermen allows them to understand the existence of Torani fish in the water by following natural signals and indicators, namely by observing: (1) the appearance of a flashing light that is very clearly visible to the eyes of the observer (patorani), (2) the distinctive smell of the toran, (3) checking the temperature of the waters by dipping the hands up to the elbows to determine the warmth of the seawater, since the torans mostly gather in warm water, (4) the presence of the duck-billed bird of which have red and black colors, and (5) the height level of the fish, if the flying fish jump higher (fish behavior), the torans do not lay eggs and will probably stay away. face to face, and vice versa (Baruah, Dutta, & Pravin, 2013). The Patoran's knowledge of navigation is represented in the maritime transport knowledge matrix, as listed in Table 3. The Patoran's hunting for fish and torani eggs is carried out based on their knowledge and understanding, which synergizes with nature, especially in the ocean.
From a deeper exploration, patorani fishing equipment is not comparable to unexpected challenges in natural conditions. They depart in the eastern season, in March or April, based on the observation of the season through appakruru. Patorani's activities in the ocean are strongly influenced by weather conditions observed through cloud monitoring.
Tawang Patorani believe that during their activities in the ocean, they are always watched over by the guardian spirit of the ocean.
Perbaikan Revisi 2
The results of this study showed that the Galesong society still practices Patorani culture in the utilization of coastal resources and maritime transport, including: 1) knowledge related to ceremonial preparation of fishing activities, 2) the use of technological fishing gear, 3) knowledge about the existence of fish Torani/fly fishing, 4) knowledge in fishing activities, and 5) knowledge of the fishing trip patorani. Achieving the target exceeding the plan proves that the greater the cooperation between the government and local communities to maintain, manage and preserve the potential of coastal and marine resources. This is the background of the great attention of the government and local communities in the conservation of these fishery resources with a locally owned knowledge system that has existed until now.
The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling based on the characteristics of the respondents who met the objectives of the research conducted. Meanwhile, pakkaja is made as an aid to limit the exploitation of torani fish, because the size of the holes made is adjusted to the size of torani fish and young fish can be released freely. In addition, the result of the interview showed that the community consisted of papalele, punggawa and sawi who interacted and cooperated in the management of coastal and marine resources, especially fisheries.
The use of this traditional tool is closely related to the condition of coral reefs that are maintained, as their goal is to preserve fish habitat (Martin et al., 2016). In the first phase, the ceremony is performed on boats that will be used in sailing to catch torani fish and collect their eggs, and the second phase is performed together with traditional patorani structures. The purpose of this ceremony is to ask the people of the ocean for permission to sail through their territory, to ask them to stay away from natural disturbances, to ensure their safety during the voyage, until they return safely to land without any disadvantages.
Local knowledge possessed by torani fishermen leads them to an understanding of the existence of torani fish in the sea by following the symbols and signs of nature, namely: (1) the appearance of a sparkling light that looks very clear from the observer's eyes (patorani), (2) recognize the torani by its smell, (3) by checking the temperature of the water, by dipping the hands up to the elbows to feel whether the sea water is warm or not, if the water is warm the torani usually congregate, ( 4) gathers the type of bird with a duck bill, which has red and black colors, and (5) through monitoring the height level of the fish, if the flying fish jumps higher (the behavior of the fish), the torani will not lay eggs, and they will definitely stay away from balla-balla and vice versa. Patorani believe that during their activities in the sea, they are always watched by the guardian spirit of the sea, so in case of lightning, they should stop their work reciting mantra and pray for salvation. The presence of greetings can be seen through signs: the reflection of the sun's rays is very bright, the water conditions are quite clear and warm, and the number of birds is looking for food.
Some theories say that the strength of the fishing community is not like destroying the marine environment, but the power that synergizes the forces of nature with humans (Thondhlana & Shackleton, 2015). Patorani knowledge becomes a manifestation of the motive of the goal to be achieved, namely the role of knowledge in being wise about the Torani they exploit, not excessively and still being able to survive for a long time. So that the motive for the purpose of erang (knowledge) is to implement the procedures and techniques for catching torani, which are carried out by the patorani, as well as to make guidelines for the utilization of other coastal resources.
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