BALI TOWARDS LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT
An Overview of
Sustainable Tourism Development
By :
I MADE SUDARMA Udayana University
Bali
Background
The world is changing rapidly, and there are a number of challenges that are being faced. Climate change impacts and rising global temperatures that will significantly influence for food productivity, fisheries, healthty and the risk of natural disasters.
The increasing of deforestation and land degradation, air pollution from peatland fires and the use of fuel oil will also negatively impact productivity and quality of life.
The world is now confronted with the reality of how a country can improve the lives and livelihoods of its citizens, by protecting the environment for the future. We have never been more certain that a better future is in sight.
Economic growth cannot be sustained if quality and quantity ability of natural resources and environment are ignored. There is needed a development paradigm concept that can guarantee economic growth while environmental balance and sustainability is maintained. This is the essence of low carbon development (LCD).
The Low Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI ) is a development paradigm which accommodates economic and environmental interests to “walk together”. The economics concepts emphasizes the exploitation of natural resources for high economic growth to reduce poverty and unemployment, but still giving attention for environmental sustainability.
The LCDI prepare implementation a green financing mechanism, application of business model that promotes inclusive development, reduces GHG emissions and ensures management and natural resource restoration.
The policies of LCDI be predicted to sustain economic growth, reduce poverty, and help achievement of development targets in various sectors beside can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 43% in 2030 (it is higher than Indonesia's NDC, 41 %.)
There are five main policies in LCD namely, renewable energy, forest protection and peat restoration, waste management, improvement of agricultural productivity, and improvement of institutions and governance.
Energi
CHG Inventory
Energy
DRIVING FORCE OF BALI ECONOMY
Tourism
is a goose that not only lays a
golden egg, but also fouls its own nest.
(Hawkins,1982)
the importance of maintaining sustainable tourism through low carbon development initiative
Trends of contribution of CO2Eq (Gg) emissions in Bali
from various CHG Inventories (2000-2018)
Trends of the amount of CO2Eq (Gg) emissions from energy sector in Bali (2000-2018)
47 %
Trends of the amount of CO2Eq (Gg) emissions from ENERGI Sector, Sub Sector Transportation and Sub
Sector Electricity Industry in Bali (2010-2018)
Relation of the amount of CO2Eq (Gg) emissions from Sub-Sector Transportation and Fuel Consumption
in Bali (2010- 2018)
Total electricity sales in 2011 is 3224 GWh and increase to 5518 GWh in 2018, and predicted to be increase approximately over 12206 GWh in 2030
Relation of the amount of CO2Eq (Gg) emissions from Sub-Sector electricity industry and Fuel Consumption
in Bali (2010- 2018)
Contribution of tourism sector to Bali GDP and the amount
of CO2Eq (Gg) emissions in Bali (2010-2018)
The development of tourism in Bali is having a positive impact on Bali's economic growth, but also has a
negative impact to the envirotmental issue (increasing emissions)
Energy Sector as the highest contribution of emission in Bali (more than 90 %), especially from
TRANSPORTATION and POWER PLANT
The capacity of forestry sector to absorb GHG
emission is decreasing due to land conversion and illegal logging.
Conclusion :
It is necessary to reduce the use of fuel by the
transportation through the application of the public transportation.
The use of electric vehicles is one of the policies that can reduce emissions from transportation
The use of environmentally friendly electricity such as solar energy, hydropower, geothermal, can reduce emissions from the electricity industry sector
Maintaining forest cover and minimizing the
conversion of land into residential land can increase emissions absortion by the forestry sector
Recommendation :
Policies that have been carried out by the Bali government towards low carbon
development :
• Bali's RPJMD 2018-2023 mention that the use of new and renewable energy reaches 20% in 2023 and
target for decresing GHG emission 12,29 %.
• Regulation of the Bali Governor Number 45/2019 about Clean Energy is to ensure that all energy needs in Bali are fulfilled independently,
environmentally friendly, sustainable and equitable by using Clean Energy.
• There are 127 SPLU (Public Electric Charge Station) will be prepared by PLN (electric company) in Bali.
• Regulation of the Bali Governor Number 97/ 2018, about Limitation on Plastic Waste.
• Regulation of the Bali Governor No. 47/2019 concerning Source-Based Waste Management.
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