DOWNSTREAM (Metabolit)
Introduction of Boprocess Technology
Nur Istianah
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-Definition
• What is the advantage of extracellular production?
– Already outside cell
– Limited number secreted so easier to isolate
– More robust so less likely to be broken down by
heat of chemicals
The nature of the downstream processing depends on two considerations:
• Whether product is intracellular or extracellular
• How pure the final product needs to be.
Industrial enzymes can be quite crude, but medicinal enzymes must be extremely pure. The purer the enzyme, the more complex the downstream
processing, and the more expensive it is.
Extracellular
enzyme Intracellular
enzyme Break open cells by
grinding or ultra-sonics Filter
Enzyme in solution
Concentrate by evaporation at low temperature and pressure or by
osmosis
Crude enzyme in solution eg protease in chemical industry
Precipitate Powdered crude enzyme eg pectinase
Pure enzyme for medicine eg Cell biomass (useful waste
product)
Methods
Separation
Solid- liquid
centrifugation Filtration Clarification
Flotation Drying
Chromatography crystalization
Liquid- liquid
Missible
Distilation
Membran sep
Immissible
Centrifugation
decanting
Case study
DISTILATION
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
Distilasi
Proses pemisahan dua komponen atau lebih berdasarkan perbedaan titik didihnya atau volatilitas
Pemisahan tepat terjadi pasa saat kondisi setimbang atau equilibrium
Feed
Distillate
Residue/ bottom
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
Basic concept of distillation methods
Q
Vapor
Condensor Destillate
Residue
Simple
Q, boiler
Vapor
Condensor Destillate
Residue Liquid
Rectification/
reflux
Reflux
Kesetimbangan massa
continuous flash distillation
Overall mass balance:
F = B + V
Enthalpy balance:
F.h F = B.h B + V.h V
Volatile compound mass balance:
F.x F = B.x B + V.y*
y* = -(B/V).(x B – x F ) + x F
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation
• Continuous Refluxing
– Total
– Partial
CENTRIFUGATION
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
General principle
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
3
2016
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Kapasitas
Labratory centrifuge
Preparative centrifuge
Kegunaan
Sedimenting centrifuge
Filtering centrifuge Ultracentrifugation
Tubular bowl
Basket
Disk stack
Scroll decanter
Basket
Pusher
Baffle
Inverting bag
Cone screen
Tubular bowl centrifuge
1000-15000rpm
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Labratory centrifuge
Tubular bowl centrifuge
500-2000 rpm
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
5
2016
Better performance
than turbular flow
Preparative centrifuge
Steve, 2007
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Sedimenting centrifuge
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
Steve, 2007
Klasifikasi centrifuge
Filtering centrifuge
centrifugal filtration
1
centrifugal settling
2
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
9
2016
Gas-solid cyclone separator
3
horizontal axis scroll decanter centrifuge
4
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
11
2016
Peeler centrifuge
Pusher
centrifuge
Ultracentrifugation
1000-15000 rpm
Digunakan untuk pemisahan atau analisa campuran makromolekul (AUC).
Ex: protein Rpm tinggi
menimbulkan panas sehingga
memerlukan cooling
Filtration
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
Drying
22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-
