You are expected to know and understand a wide range of English language teaching concepts in different contexts. I sincerely hope that you will like this topic and that it will be useful for your professional career in the future. The main aim of this course is to develop in participants a critical awareness and understanding of important research and development in language teaching approaches and methods.
SLA : Second Language Acquisition ELT : English Language Teaching EFL : English as a Foreign Language ESL : English as a Second Language. TESOL: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language. Explain the difference between approach and method in English teaching and learning (ELT).
In the field of language teaching and learning, approach and method are two key words that language learners and educators often encounter, whether in textbooks or research papers. It is of great importance for future English teachers in particular and future teachers in general to have a thorough understanding of the concepts as it can help them in choosing the teaching method to be used. To date, there are two prominent early English language teaching (ELT) experts who provide a model or framework regarding approach, method and technique, and these terms have been known and widely used in the pedagogical process across disciplines.
Which terms do you think are most appropriate to use based on your teaching context.
TEACHING PRINCINCLES
Background Knowledge Exploration
Understanding the theory behind your teaching practice can help you not only in your teaching practice, but also in the early step of your teaching, that is, in designing lesson plans. As Brown (2007) mentioned, understanding the driving force of your teaching practice can lead to a more engaging learning process. Brown is one of the prominent experts in the field of English language teaching and has proposed many new theories and ideas about English language teaching.
Automaticity
Meaningful Learning
Brown (2007, p. 66) put the meaning of meaningful learning simply "as process of making meaningful association between existing knowledge/. In this way to prevent the learner from getting caught up in the old-fashioned learning strategies called rote learning, where students simply have to remember the new vocabulary of phrases they want to master.
The Anticipation of Reward
Autonomy
From this definition, we can conclude that language learners are strongly encouraged to use their background knowledge to help acquire the language. The students can e.g. make associations in terms of spelling or sound of the target language with their own language. Dornyei, for example, suggests the term self-regulated learning, while other experts use the term independent learning, autonomous learning.
The term mainly derives from the topic of learning strategies, that is, a specific approach that language learners use to facilitate their learning.
Willingness to Communicate
The Language-Culture Connection
The Native Language Effect
In Indonesian, for example, when making verbal sentences, the student seems to find no difficulty and the word order or grammar has almost the same rules and regulations. Brown (2007, P. 76) mentions that “the mother tongue of the learners exerts a strong influence on the acquisition of the target language system. While that native system will exert facilitative and inferential effects on new language production and comprehension, intrusive effects are likely to be more prominent."
Interlanguage
Communicative Competence
Collaboration
Summing Up and Review
Evaluation and reflection 1. What have you learnt from this topic?
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD (GTM)
- Background Knowledge Exploration
- Concept Exploration
- Collaboration
- Summing Up and Review
- Evaluation and Reflection 1. What have you learnt from this topic?
Changed the way you were taught over time (and not just because you got older). We will explore a few teaching approaches in the next unit, and this part we will focus on, the early method called the Grammar Translation Method (GTM). GTM can be defined as a teaching approach that mainly focuses on language form rather than language use.
In group five, please choose one from the lesson planning and identify if you can find the characteristics of GTM. The Grammar Translation Method is the earliest method in the process of teaching and learning a foreign language. GTM features include the use of the mother tongue, less attention to pronunciation, focus on reading text and learning vocabulary in isolation.
THE AUDIOLINGUA METHOD
- Background Knowledge Exploration
- Collaboration
- Summing Up and Review
- Evaluation and Reflection
Do you think that the audio-lingual method is still relevant to use in today's English teaching. Audiolingual method is one of teaching approach that mainly focuses on surface form and the power of drill to the aspect of language. There are several characteristics of audio-language include, material is presented in dialogue form, tends to focus on memorizing vocabulary and phrases, grammar is taught inductively, using media such as visual aids, tape and language lab, use as much as possible target language (Brown 2007, in Prator and Celce-Murcia, 1979).
In a group of five, choose one of the planned lessons and find out if you would find the characteristics of the audio-lingual method. Grammar in Audiolingual pays little or no attention to grammar, instead it is taught inductively.
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT)
- Background Knowledge Exploration
- Concept Exploration
- Collaboration Evaluation
- Summing Up and Review
Do you think the CLT method is still relevant to use in today's English teaching? Like other approaches, it is motivated by the fact that the current method does not work as expected. The primary units of language are not simply its grammatical and structural features, but categories of functional and communicative meaning as exemplified in discourse.
In groups of five, please choose one from lesson planning and identify if you can find the characteristics of CLT. The emergence of CLT is caused by the weakness of direct method such as GTM and Audiolingual which mainly focus on concept of PPP, that is presentation, practice and production.
TASK BASED-LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING (TBLT)
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD (GTM)
- Background Knowledge Exploration
- Collaboration
- Summing Up and Review
- Evaluation and Reflection 1. What have you learnt from this topic?
The presence of Task-Based language teaching stems from the lack of Communicative language teaching, that is, “Presentation, Practice and Production (PPP). 2001) Effect of task repetition on the structure and control of oral language. eds) Researching pedagogical tasks: second language learning, teaching and testing. eds) (2001). 2002) Implementing task-based learning with young learners. 2004) Issues in Teachers' Reinterpretation of a Task-Based Innovation in Primary Schools.
A design feature in language teaching methodology. eds.), Foreign language research in cross-cultural Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Tasks in a pedagogical context: Integrating theory and practice. 2004) Task-based teaching and assessment. ed) The Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning. 1989).
