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The terminology used for photophore groups is shown in Figures 1 and 2, on pages 588-589. Sternopticids are deep-sea fishes with sets of photophores arranged characteristically for each genus, as illustrated in the figures beginning below. Dorsal blade present and well developed before dorsal wing; in the maxilla of the anterior tooth posteriorly, and posteriorly located at the ante- point.

The dorsal blade is visible externally as a short, low paired sheath, just in front of the dorsal fin; photophores as follows: anal 4 to 15; bronchiostegal G;. Different species can be distinguished based on the number of fin rays, gill beads and beads and the distribution and location of the photophore clusters. Furthermore, the characteristics of the post-abdominal and preopercular spines are of great importance in the recognition of species and groups of species.

In certain groups of photophores, the organs in the postlarvae increase in number with increasing length up to a certain size, after which the full complement of light organs is formed. Tip of the longest spine in the dorsal leaf smooth, without hooks; ventral edge of bony thorax with some minute points, these are strongest in small specimens (15 mm and shorter in standard length).

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Special features: The three species of Argyropelecus form the so-called affinis, gigas, and pacificus complex, which is characterized by supraabdominal, preanal, anal, and subcaudal photophores that almost form a continuous series, and dorsal tips of the photophores. which is almost in a straight line.

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Distance between anal and subcaudal groups of photophores

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In each of these large regions there may be populations or even subspecies that can be distinguished, but this possibility requires verification through special studies of hundreds of specimens from each of the many localities. This species is notable for its slender body behind the preanal set of photophores, the compact nature of the anal and subcaudal sets of photophores, and the wide spaces separating the preanal, anal, and especially the subcaudal set of photophores from the anal set. . A white stripe occurs between the preanal and anal and another between the anal and subcaudal sets of photophores.

Numerous specimens were available for study in more than 85 series from the following general localities: Mediterranean Sea (54); Azores (9); off Iceland (4); around Bermuda (60); by New York (18); off South Carolina (1); next to Georgia (1); Bahamas and West Indies (110); Caribbean Sea (1).

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Range: Although I have not seen any specimens from the Indian Ocean, this species probably replaces hemigymnus in the central and western Pacific and Indian Oceans.

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610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.112 Der nördlichste Ort im Atlantik ist lat.233, 1895 (Atlantic, auch zweite Auflage). – Collett, Ergebnisse der Campagnes Scientifiques Accom-. Lagen par le Fürst Albert I., Monaco, fasc. an der norwegischen Küste).-Brauer, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefseeexpedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia, 1898-1989.

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Greatest depth of the pigmented part of the body 1.2 to 1.4 and the height of the dorsal blade 7.5 to 9.5 times, both in the postorbital length of the body. Range: This species is distributed in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans and occurs at depths of 1000 fathoms (Beebe, 1929) and as far north in the Atlantic as lat.

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Range: This subspecies is known from 7 specimens collected in the Hawaiian Islands and 1 from the North Pacific at lat. Notes: This subspecies is distinct from lynchus and sladeni, its closest relatives, as indicated in the key on p.597. The number of organs in the groups of photophores is as follows: abdominal 10, anal 3, branchiostegals 3, isthmus 5, preanal 3, preopercular 1, preorbital 1, postorbital 1, subcaudal 4, subopercular 1,.

The dorsal leaf consists of a single enlarged pterygiophore; there are no anal pterygiophores between the hemal spines on four of the abdominal vertebrae, usually numbers 5 to 8 or 6 to 9, with the anal pterygiophores displaced anteriorly. Teeth on the edge of the upper jaw facing outwards; at the origin of the anal fin a pair of short spines, two.

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68, 1931 (Centre de l'Atlantique Nord). -Roule et Angel, Résultats des campagnes scientifiques réalisées par le Prince Albert Ier, Monaco, fasc.

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NSP 71332(1)

Range: The species is usually taken at depths of 100 to 1000 fathoms in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, but many. Premaxillary teeth and jaws with fine denticulation directed outwards and backwards; indentation in both jaws in two or three rows;. In adults, spiny ridges may develop around the anal region and on the ventral edge of the caudal peduncle; a pair of.

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Posttemporal spine long, strong and with two strong spines at base; posterior bony margins of supracleitrum and preopercle toothed. Gills on first arch 4 or 5+ 6 to 8 total 10 to 12; posttemporal spine, long, slender, simple, its length greater than pupil diameter; maximum depth of body about twice the standard length; space between anal and subcaudal groups of photophores shorter than width of 3 subcaudal organs. The total number of gill arches on the first arch is 21 to 24; width of subcaudal group of photophores in distance between anal and subcaudal group 1.0 to 1.5 times.

Number of gill rakers on first arch total 20; width of the subcaudal group of photophores into the distance between anal and subcaudal groups 0.6 to 0.8 times. Posttemporal spine long, slender, with one or two curved. basal spines, the dorsalon the longest, always longer than the diameter of the pupil. pectoral rays 12 to 15; length of posttemporal spine 5.0 to 6.9 times greatest depth of body; number of caudal vertebrae usually 24, occasionally 23 and 25; caudal stalk long and slender.

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Marshall of holotypes and paratypes, on paper, 21 January 1958; b, posttemporal spine of the holotype of Polyipnusspinosus Giinther, from J's sketch.

III "II I

34;II III '

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Peculiarities: Little, except the number of whorls, can be added to my 1938 description of this species, as only one additional specimen is available. It is distinguished by having 11 or 12 dorsal rays and 9 to 12 gill rakers on the lower part of the first arch, fewer than found in other species with 3 supra-anal photophores. Distinctive features: This species is best distinguished by having 3 supra-anal photophores in combination with 14 to 17 dorsal ones.

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From the other related species, matsubarai can be distinguished by the key to the species Polyipnus on p. The present species was established as the new species by Jordan and Starks based on three specimens obtained from deep water of Sagami Bay. The posttemporal spine is long and strong, with two shorter but strong spines arising basally, and the posterior bony margins of both supracleithrum and preopercle are serrated.

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Distinguishing characters: This species, without the set of supraanal photophores, but with 11 to 15 anal, has an unusually small small. Distinctive characters: This species lacks the set of supraanal photophores and has the posttemporal spine not short but stout, its length shorter than the diameter of the pupil; gill rakers on first arch number 21 to 24 in total, usually 22 or 23; Anal photopores total 10 to 12, usually 11.

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The posttemporal spine of the nutting is shorter, 49 to 74 thousandths, while the inindicus is 75 to 94 thousandths. The distance from the origin of the occiput to the dorsal fin in nuttingi is 262 to 300 thousandths of the standard length, while in indicusitis 335 to 349. 2,1925 (CapeMorganandNatalCoast, South . Africa).—Whitley, A list of the fishes of the Western Sea. , Western Australia, Fishing Bull.

Evans, Australian Museum, Sydney, I have examined 10 of the types of Polyipnus tridentifer McCulloch, Australian Museum Xo.

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Range: This species is known from the Philippines, Celebes Sea, Flores Sea, Moluccas, East Indies, Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, and from Natal down to the Cape of Good Hope at a depth of 100 to 303 fathoms. The latter authors presented a clear case that two distinct species of Polyipnus occur in Japanese waters. These two species can be distinguished by one having a more robust body behind the dorsal fin and a deeper tail pedestal, more gill rakers and more pectoral fin rays.

National Museum I have studied this complex of species again and now have a much larger series and more experience to draw on than in 1938. I find that Okada and Suzuki are correct in that two species occur in Japanese waters, but they have used the nomenclature incorrectly . These two characters are present in all specimens from the Philippines with a short post-temporal spine like that illustrated for the type P.

I find that they also have a robust body, robust caudal peduncle, and only 13 anal photophores, along with relatively short posttemporal spines.

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