The pelagic amphipods of the genus Hyperia and related genera (Hyperiidea: Hyperiidae) (Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. 136). University of Washington R/V Brown Bear cruises in the Northeast Pacific sent to me by Dr. When classifying Hyperia species, Bovallius (1889) first separated them according to the degree of pereonite fusion.
In the Hyperiidae the glandular cone and the segment on which it opens are fused to the surface of the head. The size and shape of the gland cone are useful taxonomic characters, especially in the genus Lestrigonus.
Hyperia galba (Montagu)
Vinogradov (1956) found it in the western Bering Sea, Anadyr Bay, in the Kamchatka region and in the waters of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Comparing the occurrences of the two species along the west coast of Ireland, Tattersall (1906) suggested that the two records of H. Walker from the Ross Sea seem questionable, as they are the only reported occurrences south of the Antarctic Convergence.
DISTRIBUTION.—Due to increased biological research in Antarctica in recent years, additional specimens of H. Of the specimens recorded by Shoemaker (1945b) as Hyperia spinigera from the Bermuda area, three are in the Smithsonian Institution.
Hyperia spinigera Bovallius
The specimens of the type series, as well as the other specimens which I have examined, show very little variation. The difference between the epimera of the two species is not in the development of Several authors (Norman, 1900; Barnard, 1932; Shoemaker, 1945b; Hurley, 1956) have recorded females, unsupported by descriptions or illustrations, except for Barnard's figure of the urosome.
DERIVATION OF THE NAME. The specific name, from the Latin 'crassus' [= thick, thick], refers to the broad protopods and endopods of the uropods. COMMENTS. The foregoing diagnosis has been modified from the original by Bovallius to accommodate Hyperia macronyx Walker (1906).
Hyperiella dilatata Stebbing
P5—7, anterodistal angles of s2-4 produced in more or less pointed processes, but processes weaker and blunter than in H. As Barnard (1930) noted, Spandl (1927) contributed to the problem by the uropods of a to describe. immature male of H. But Barnard himself compounded the confusion by saying that the endopods of Up2-3 of the male H.
Hyperioides Chevreux
Lestrigonus shoemakeri, new species
S2 of PI with strong hump on anterior margin; s4 with 2-4 posterodistal spines; carpal process with 5-6 spines; s6 with single spine near anterior margin. P5-7 with moderately broad s2 armed with a pair of spines on anterior margin; s5-6 with comb of spinules on anterior margin;. With increasing maturity, the number of fused pereonites decreases until the mature state is reached: pereonites 1-4 fused in the female, 1-2 fused in the male.
Head more globose than in other species, more than half as long as high, about as long as pereonites 1–4 combined. Glandular cone bluntly rounded below, in 9, reaching or extending slightly beyond the ventral border of the buccal mass, without reaching this border. S2 of PI' with strong convexity on leading edge; s4 with 2 posterodistal ridges; s6 with 1 ( 9 ) or 2 (cf) spines on leading edge.
S7 of P5 about Vi~V4 as long as s6, 14 shorter than s7 of P6-7, armed with a few anteroproximal spines; s6 of P6-7 with spine on distal margin overlapping base of s7 medially. Telson triangular, v 9 about half, v o* less than half as long as protopod Up3. In lateral view, the cone of the gland in macrophthalmos overlaps the epistome less than in latissimus.
PI with pronounced hump on anterior margin of s2; s4 with 4 posterodistal spines; s6 with 1 or 2 spines on anterior margin. S6 of PI has 1 spine on anterior margin in immature specimens; Mature specimens usually have 2 spines, but some have only 1. Contrary to Stephenson's opinion, I therefore regard macrophthalma as distinct from hydrocephala, and believe the latter to be an immature L.
Lestrigonus bengalensis Giles
The specimen contains mature females with fused pereonites 1-4 and immature females with fused pereonites 1-5. Gland cone of 9 produced antero-ventrally, overlapping and extending anterior to epistome; apex bluntly rounded; posterior margin subparallel to body axis. The cone of the cf gland is produced ventrally as a rounded lobe, extending only slightly anterior to the epistoma.
Mx2 outer lobe with 1 subterminal and 2 slender terminal spines; inner lobe with 1 shorter terminal spine. S2 of PI with strong bulge at the anterior margin; s4 with 2 posterodistal spines; s5 with 1-2 spines on the posterior margin and 3 on the carpal process; s6 with single spine near posterior margin. P5-7 with moderately broad s2 armed with 2-4 spines on the anterior margin; s5-6 with crest of spines on the anterior margin; s7 of P5 % as long as s7 of P6-7, armed with some anteroproximal spinules; s7 of P6-7 sometimes with 1-2 antero-proximal spinules; s6 of P6-7 with spine on distal margin overlapping s7 medially.
Until sufficient collections are available for an adequate study of variations, I include all Lestrigonus with 5 pereonites fused in 9 and 4 in cf. under L. Such an error is to be expected in the study of small hyperiids, where sutures and other mark - ings on the rather delicate and semitransparent cuticle are often less obvious than subcuticular structures. Such internal structures have often been mistaken for sutures between the coxae and their pereonites.
Other carcinologists who have portrayed species of Lestrigonus with what appear to be sutures between the coxae and their pereonites are Chevreux, Hurley, Irie and Stephensen. Giles (1887) described Lestrigonus bengalensis as having 7 free pereonites, but noted that "the connection between the pleura and the coxal plates is difficult to see, as are the transitions between the terga of the first 5 thoracic segments." In his illustrations, the adult male has 7 free pereonites, but an immature male is shown with pereonites 1-5 fused and a female with pereonites 1-5 fused. The specimens identified by Barnard (1930) as Hyperia latissima are placed here under L. bengalensis because of Barnard's statement "The present. a, i, s, t from off southern Baja California; b, g from Gulf of Camby, India ; c, h, j-q from the Pacific coast of Central America; d, from Savannah, Georgia; e from the Gulf of Guinea; /, r from Bora Bora, Society Islands; u from Moorea, Society Islands.).
Hyperietta, new genus
Hyperietta luzoni (Stebbing)
In the CalCOFI collections it was present off the coast of Southern California and Baja California and further offshore to the latitude of San Francisco. Mxp outer lobes slightly more than 1.5 times as long as wide; top narrow, with a dense tuft of hairs; distal margin rugose. PI simple; s2 about twice as long as wide, with a uniformly convex leading edge; s6 with single spine on inner surface near anterior margin.
Telson about % as long as Up3 protopod in 9 > just under half as long in Q*. Not only is the size difference well beyond the limits of reasonable variation, but the maxiliped is completely different in the two species. Outer lobe of Mxp % longer than wide, with a series of spines on both surfaces near the distal margin and scattered small setules on the distal part of the anterior margin.
S2 of PI slightly more than twice as long as wide, both margins moderately convex; s5 with very small carpal process bearing 3^1 spines, posterior margin otherwise unarmed; s6 about twice as long as wide, with 2-3 spines on anterior margin. P6 only slightly longer than P5 and P7; s2 slightly wider on P5 than on P6-7, anterior margin convex and unarmed on P5, with 1 spine on P6, 2 spines on P7; s4 of 9 with long spine at anterodistal corner, sometimes reduced or absent; s4 of cf with 2 shorter spines on anterior margin; s5 of 9 always with long spine at anterodistal corner; s5 of o" with smaller spines in same position. S2 of PI about 2.2 times longer than wide, anterior margin convex in proximal %, concave in distal y$; s5 bearing a single spine in midlength of posterior margin and 3 at posterodistal angle; s6 about 3 times longer than wide, bearing a single spine at anterior end on 9> *~2 spines on cf-S6 of P2 with one spine single on anterior margin on 9, 1-2 spines on cf • P6 very slightly longer than P5 and P7; s2 slightly wider on P5 than on P6-7, anterior border convex and unarmed on P5, almost straight and bears 1 spine on 9» 2 spines on cf on P6-7; s4-5 of 9 with long spines on anterodistal corners; s4-5 ot cf with shorter anterodistal spine and spines extra short at front ends.
3 paratypes ($2, ltf) from the same specimen have been deposited in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Mxp outer lobe approx. 1.4 times as long as wide, with many fine setae on anterior surface and a few heavier setae on posterior surface; lateral margin with single long seta. PI subchelate; s2 slightly more than twice as long as wide; s5 with small carpal process bearing 3 spines and 1 spine on posterior margin; s6 with long spine on leading edge.
ThemisteUa Bovallius, 1887b
Themistella fusca (Dana)
4 is characteristic of Themistella and quite different from Bovallius' illustrations of these structures in Hyperia thoracica, so I have listed Vosseler's reference to if. I examined his sample from the Thor expeditions and found it to be a typical Themistella.
Hyperionyx, new genus
Hyperionyx macrodactylus (Stephensen)
Catalog of the specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the collections of the British Museum. Contribution to a monograph of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea, Part I: 2, The Families Cyllopodidae, 1'araphronimidae, Thaumatopsidae, Mimonectidae, Hyperiidae, Phronimidae, and Anchylomeridae. Balakshin, editors, Scientific Results of the High Latitude Oceanographic Expedition in Hydrobiology.
The Distribution of Parathemisto gaudichaudii (Gu£r.), with Observations on its Life History in the 0° to 20° E Sector of the Southern Ocean. Seasonal variation of the zooplankton fauna in surface waters entering the Caribbean Sea at Barbados. Arctic, subarctic and Scandinavian amphipoda in the collections of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm.
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