Pertemuan-1-Pengantar-APK [Compatibility Mode]

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Email : dahlan.unimal@gmail.com Homepage : http://www.dahlan.web.id

Artikel Asli dari : Made Sondra

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Buku Referensi :

1. Pengantar Aplikasi Komputer Teori dan Praktika, Dr. Azhar Susanto, MBus,Ak., Edisi 2, Lingga Jaya, Bandung

2. Using Information Technology, Pengenalan Praktis Dunia Komputer dan Komunikasi; Williams / Sawyer, Edisi 7, Komputer dan Komunikasi; Williams / Sawyer, Edisi 7, ANDI Yogyakarta

3. Mengenal Komputer dan Perangkatnya, Firman Sujadi,ST.

dan Nursanti Riandini,ST., Shakti Adiluhung & Bee Media

Indonesia, Bandung

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PENILAIAN :

• Kehadiran : 10 %

• Kuis / Latihan : 10 %

• Tugas-tugas : 15 %

• UTS : 25 %

• UAS : 40 %

TOTAL : 100 %

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Bahwa Keahlian Komputer merupakan

standar keahlian minimal yang harus

dimiliki untuk meningkatkan

produktivitas dan daya saing di pasar

tenaga kerja dalam masyarakat

informasi & komunikasi.

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1. Pendidikan 2. Kedokteran 3. Perancangan 4. Perindustrian 4. Perindustrian 5. Kemiliteran

6. Meningkatkan kesempatan kerja 7. Meningkatkan Produktifitas

8. Meningkatkan Kemampuan Manusia 9. Hiburan (RCTI, SCTV, TPI, dll)

10. Bisnis

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INPUT DEVICE

OUTPUT DEVICE Processor

Control Unit ALU

CPU

OUTPUT

A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use

ROM RAM

MEMORI

INPUT

PROCESS

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1. Komputer Pribadi (Micro Computer) 2. Komputer Mini (Mini Computer/WS) 3. Komputer Utama (Mainframe)

4. Komputer Super (Super Computer)

5. Komputer Server

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• The most common for home users , computers that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase.

• Can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.

(1)Microcomputers / PC

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i. Mini – tower ii. Desktop

Types of PC

Mobile Computer

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(2) Mini Computer (Workstation)

•Powerful desktop computers

•Used by engineers and scientists for engineering applications,

software development, application that require a high amount of computing power require a high amount of computing power

Workstation – Sun Ultra450

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(3)Mainframes

•Process data at very high speed

•less expensive than Supercomputer

•used for processing large amount of data

•user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe

(4) Supercomputers

•The mightiest computer

•The most expensive.

•process billions of instructions in a second

•used by some exclusive group only

•user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe

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•designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other network

resources.

•Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server.

•Server computers usually have following characteristics:

(5)Servers

•Server computers usually have following characteristics:

•Designed to be connected to one or more networks

•The most powerful CPUs available

•Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks

•Large memory and disk storage

•High-speed communications capabilities

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Sistem Komputer Sistem Komputer

• A computer system is made on hardware and software

Notes:

software

• Software controls the computers and makes it do useful work

• Hardware refers to the physical components that make up the

computer

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Komponen Utama Komputer

1. Perangkat Keras (Hardware):

• Input (Keyboard, Mouse)

• Processing (CPU)

• Storage (Memory, Hard disk)

• Output (Monitor, Printer)

• Communication (Modem)

2. Software (Perangkat Lunak)

• System S/W (Operating System)

• Interpreter dan Compiler

• Application Software

3. Manusia (Brainware)

• Prosedur

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1. Input

2. Processing

Hardware Hardware

1. Input

2. Processing 3. Storage

Primary storage (memory) - RAM Computer circuitry that

temporarily holds data waiting to be processed

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Secondary storage (storage) - ROM

The area in the computer where data or information is held

4. Output

5. Communications

CD Drive

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Hardware Hardware

1. Input

2. Processing 3. Storage

3. Storage 4. Output

5. Communications

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Hardware Hardware

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Hardware Hardware

1. Input

2. Processing 3. Storage

3. Storage 4. Output

5. Communications

Printer

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Hardware Hardware

1. Input

2. Processing 3. Storage

3. Storage 4. Output

5. Communications

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Software Software

System Software System Software

“Software that enables the application software to interact with the

computer and helps the computer manage its internal and external resources”

WINDOWS LINUX

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Software Software

Interpreter & Compiler Software Interpreter & Compiler Software

“Software that has been create a particular

program/ application for

users – to perform useful

work on specific tasks or

to provide entertainment”

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Software Software

Application Software Application Software

“Software that has been

developed to solve a

particular problem for

users – to perform useful

work on specific tasks or

to provide entertainment”

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Types of Users

v

Individuals who uses the

product after it has been fully developed and marketed.

End Users

By : Made Sondra

Small Business Users

v

Small companies

Mobile Users

v

Traveling people

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Generasi Komputer

1. 1

^st

Generation (1951-1958) : Vacuum Tube 2. 2

^nd

Generation (1959-1964) : Transistor 2. 2 Generation (1959-1964) : Transistor 3. 3

^rd

Generation (1965-1971) : IC

4. 4

^th

Generation (1971-Skrg) : Microprocessor

5. 5

^th

Generation (Skrg-Yad) : AI

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1

^st

Generation (1951 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes

Memory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes or sometimes magnetic drum

Gave off so much heat that Gave off so much heat that even if they were cooled by gigantic air conditioners.

Input and output media were punched cards and magnetic tapes

IBM Punched Card (input)

Magnetic Tapes (output)

Vacuum Tubes (memory)

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UNIVAC ENIAC

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•an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes

•These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce

•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate

2

^nd

Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor

•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.

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Minicomputer

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An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor.

The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.

3rd Generation (1965 - 1971) : Integrated Circuit

Keyboards and monitors were used.

Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage

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Minicomputer

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•A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated onto it.

•Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full- scale computer – smaller in size , faster in speed.

4

^th

Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor

•These circuit integrations are known as Large-scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits

Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

concerns with making computers behave and think like humans.

5

^th

Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence

By : Made Sondra

The branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively

AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc..

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Arah Perkembangan Komputer

• ↓↓↓↓ size

– Everything has become smaller

• ↑↑↑↑ power

– Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram more power into their machines, providing faster processing speeds and more data storage capacity .

• ↓↓↓↓ expensive

– The price of the hardware is getting cheaper

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Why are COMPUTERS so Useful?

• Storage

• Reliability

• Speed

• Accuracy

• Communication

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Process in which two or more computers transfers data, instructions, and information

Communication

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Communication Communication

What is needed for successful communications?

Sending

device — initiates instruction to

Receiving device — accepts Communications

channel — media instruction to

transmit data, instructions, or

information

device — accepts transmission of data,

instructions, or information channel — media

on which data, instructions, or information travel

Communication Device Communication Device

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Communication Communication

Sending Device Receiving Device

Communication Device Communication channels

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Networks Networks

Network is a collection of

computers and devices connected by

connected by communication channels

To facilitate

communications, share hardware, data and

information,

software, etc

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Networks Networks

TYPES OF NETWORKS:

• LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

• METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

• WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

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1. Local Area Network (LAN)

• Privately owned communication network

• Home, school computer laboratory or office building

Type of Networks

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Type of Networks Type of Networks

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• Network that covers geographical area geographical area

• Connects LANs in city

or state

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Type of Networks Type of Networks

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Network that covers large geographical

communications satellite

large geographical area - country.

• Consists of 2 or more LANs/MANs

• Internet is world’s

largest WAN

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• Internet is worldwide collection of networks that links millions of computers together

• allows all of the computers to communicate with one another

Internet Internet

one another

E-mail

Information

Shopping

Meeting people

Entertainment

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Internet

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Internet Internet

ISP

THE

home user

THE

INTERNET

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