Physiology Impairment
Drh. Dian Meididewi N., M.Anim.Sc Sebelas Maret University
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Normal Physiology?
Indicator of Physiological State
Temperature Heart Rate Respiration
rate Body
condition Behaviour
Physiology Abnormality Implication
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Disease
Function Failure
Stress
Stress
○ “Stress” is a biological response that occurs in an individual under actual or perceived threats, and acts to maintain homeostasis
○ If the response through physiological, behavioural or immunological means, and/or the autonomic nervous system causes real harm to animal, this
condition is called distress
Acute
Chronic
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Distress
○ The expression of distress can be identified through several indicators including changes in behavioural, endocrine, immunological and
autonomic nervous systems
○ Stress (chronic, severe acute, and distress) also affects body condition including reproductive function,
immune function and in severe cases it can lead to death
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Physiological response
○ Physiologically, acute (immediate) stress responses cause mobilisation of energy through several mechanisms including:
• Tachycardia
• Increasing respiration rate
• metabolism of glucose
• and production of various isomers of glucocorticoid (GC)
○ Meanwhile, chronic (longer term) stress causes prolonged high levels of GC in the bloodstream that may damage the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that plays a role in an animal’s response to stress and may result in an impaired response to the challenge
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Stressor/Challenges
Biotic Stressor
Hunger Thirst Disease
○ Stressor/Challenges is the source of stress
○ Divided into:
• Biotic
• Abiotic
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Abiotic Stressor
Abiotic Environmental Challenges
• Unnatural sound
• Unnatural light
• Thermal condition
Confinement-Specific Challenges
• Restricted of movement
• Lack of retreat space/refugiea
• Less opportunity to express natural behaviour
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Flight or Fight
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Reproductive Impairment
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○ PHYSIOLOGY
○ CHALLENGES
• Biotic
• Abiotic
• Confinement specific
TRIGGER
Picture source:
http://www.sfu.ca/~kgsalvan/Stress_and_Maternal_and_Child_Health.html
Negative relation of cortisol and
testosterone
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Stress
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