Received: 20 April 2021 | Accepted: 16 December 2021
Fakultas Pertanian dan Bisnis Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Jl. Diponegoro 52-60 SALATIGA 50711 - Telp. 0298-321212 ext 354 email:[email protected], website: ejournal.uksw.edu/agric
Terakreditasi Kementrian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi berdasarkan SK No 200/M/KPT/2020
PLANTING MEDIUM VARIATION IN AQUAPONIC SYSTEM OWN GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED CHILI (Capsicum annum L.)
Maimunah Siregar dan Bambang Surya Adji Syahputra Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Red chili (Capsicum annum L) is a kind of horticulture that has high economic and nutrient value, so it’s important to increase the production. With the modern technology in agriculture, many farmers have been planting without using soil such as aquaponics, especially for vegetables.
This study aims to determine the most suitable planting media for the growth and yield of 3 red chili varieties. This research was uses a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates, which first factor was used 4 growing media (Cocopeat, husk charcoal, tankos and a combination of all) and the second factor was used 3 varieties of red chili (Kirana, pasemah and terano). Parameters measured; plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of fruits and weight of fruits. Tankos media and terano variety have a significant effect on plant height and leaf number, during the 4 weeks of observation. The number of branches and number of fruit, for both the treatments of the planting media and the varieties, were not significantly different, but the yield was significantly different as compared among them with terano was the better. It is clearly that, for high yield is terano variety, while the good medium is tankos. All of the parameters observed, there was no interaction between media with varieties.
Key words : Aquaponic, planting media, varieties, red chili
INTRODUCTION
Red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a horticultural plant with belongs to the Solanaceae family. This plant has high economic and nutritient value.
The nutritient contained in red chili plants such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins (A and C) makes red chili is needed by the
community for cooking ingredients (Rindani, 2015). Red chili is very popular in Indonesia because it has a spicy taste and has good nutritient content (Fahmi and Sujitno, 2011).
In 100 grams of chili, it contains 90.9% water content, 31 calories, 1 gram of protein, 0.3 grams of fat, 7.3 grams of carbohydrates, 29
mg of calcium, 24 mg of phosphorus, 47 mg of vitamin A and 18 mg of vitamin C (Sutrisni, 2016; Constantia & Ferniah, 2020).
Total yield of Red chili in Indonesia has been fluctuating over the last five years, in 2013 red chili yield became 1.01 million tonnes, then increased to 1.07 million tonnes in 2014, but in 2015 and 2016 decreased to 1.04 million tonnes and in 2017 red chili yield increased to 1.20 million tonnes (Statistik Pertanian, 2018).
The decline in the quality and yield of this commodity is caused by weather conditions, pests, diseases, viruses and fungies. Therefore, the cultivation of red chili plants requires optimal care and appropriate environmental conditions (Suwardani et al., 2014; Ferniah et al, 2018).
One of the efforts to increase the production of quality red chili is by aquaponic cultivation.
Aquaponic cultivation techniques are able to increase crop yields as compared to conventional cultivation techniques. In addition, the factors of the trade system that cannot be anticipated have caused some farmers to doubt whether to produce on a large scale.
Aquaponic is an agricultural system that combines an aquaculture system and a hydroponic system. In the aquaculture system, the process of removing metabolic waste from the fish that is kept will turn into toxic ammonia, so that the fishes that are kept are unhealthy and even die if the rest of their metabolism is not removed. By combining a hydroponic system, the rest of the fish’s metabolism can be utilized by plants, meanwhile nutrients and metabolic waste undergo a filtering process so that the circulation of clean water returns to the aquaculture system.
Planting media is the main component needed in the cultivation of a plant. There are various
kinds of planting media, but not all types of planting media are suitable for growing a type of plant. The planting media used must be adjusted to the type of commodity to be planted.
The components of a good planting medium for plant growth consist of soil, organic matter, water and air. The main component of soil for optimal plant life consists of 50% pore space, 45% mineral (inorganic) and 5% organic matter.
However, the planting media of soil is quite heavy while applied to a vertical planting system, resulting in a vertical garden that does not for long time (Fahmi, 2015; Novianto &
Setiawan, 2018).
To increase crop yield, many type of growing media is needed and also necessary to use superior varieties that have high yield potential. Variety is one of aspect that needs to be considered in the management of plant cultivation techniques.
Selection of varieties very important to role in cultivation, because to increase of productivity is largely determined by its genetic potential. If the management of environment is not carried out properly, the potential of high seed yields in these superior varieties cannot be increased (Adisarwanto, 2006; Hindersah et al, 2017;
Syahputra et al, 2013).
RESEARCH METHODS
This study was used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications, where the first factor was the type of planting medium consist of 4 factors, namely: Cocopeat, Husk Charcoal, Tankos and a combination of the three. The planting media is placed in plastic pots measuring 15 cm long and 12 cm wide and each medium in the pot is 12 cm high and the volume of each pot was around 270 cm3.
For tankos was decomposed with naturally for the 6 months. The all of combination (cocopeat,
husk charcoal and tankos) with a ratio in 1:1:1, which means that each material was taken in volume of about 90 cm3. The second factor was used 3 varieties, namely: Kirana, Pasemah, and Terano. Parameters were observed plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of fruit and fruit weight. If the results of the ANOVA are significantly different, then the mean difference test was continued by using the Duncan’s multiple distance test (DMRT) at an accuracy of 5%.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Plant Height (cm)
The results showed that the type of planting media and several varieties had a very significant effect on plant height (cm), while the interaction between types of planting media and varieties showed no significant effect at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after transplanting (Table 1).
Where the highest plants were found in the type of planting media M3 (tankos) which was 51.11 cm and the lowest was in M1 (cocopeat) which was 45.94 cm. For varieties, the highest plant was found in the V3 (terano) variety, which was
Table 1 Average of plant heigh (cm) with several planting media and 3 Varieties of red chili at ages 1, 2, 3 dan 4 week after palnting(WAP)
Treatments Plant Heigh (cm)
1 WAP 2 WAP 3 WAP 4 WAP
M = growth media
M1= Cocopeat 10.25 d 16.17 d 26.72 d 45.94 d
M2= Arang sekam 11.86 c 17.84 c 27.84 c 47.45 c
M3= Tankos 12.00 a 20.56 a 30.56 a 51.11 a
M4= combination 11.42 b 18.64 b 28.64 b 48.64 b
V = Varieties
V1= Kirana 10.65 c 16.98 c 26.98 c 46.40 c
V2= Pasemah 11.73 b 18.56 b 28.56 b 48.27 b
V3= Terano 11.77 a 19.36 a 29.78 a 50.19 a
Note: The different letters in the same column is showed significantly different (DMRT 5% )
50.19 cm and the lowest was in V1 (kirana), which was 46.40 cm.
The potential use of planting media has a very significant effect on plant height. The existence of a very real influence is due to the planting medium as a growth medium, namely a place to grow root systems, sources or media for water and nutrients for plants. Plant growth is manifested by an increase in size due to an increase in protoplasm caused by an increase in the size of plant cells such as plant height.
Plant height is a plant measure that is often used to measure the effect of the environment or the treatment applied. This is based on the fact that plant height is the most easily seen measure of growth. Plant height is the main determinant of growth because the taller the plant, the better the growth. According to Hidayat et al. (2013)
& Syahputra et al. (2016), growth is influenced by several factors, namely internal factors and external factors, while internal factors include heredity, disease resistance and ability to utilize food, while external factors include physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water media.
In this research, the planting medium that provides optimum growth is tankos. Different growing media showed the growth of different plant height differences. Tankos is a solid waste of the palm oil industry and this waste is widely available in oil palm plantations and the price is relatively affordable. Tankos can be used as a source of organic fertilizer that contains nutrients needed by plants and soil (Asra et al., 2015;
Sinniah et al., 2012). Provision of organic matter derived from tankos can facilitate the absorption of nitrogen by plants, namely nitrate and ammonium. Both of these elements accelerate the formation of green leaves (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis. In order to accelerate vegetative growth (plant height, shoots, increase the size of the area and stem diameter). This is in accordance with the statement of Damanik, et.al (2011) which states that the nitrogen element increases the protoplasm, causing several impacts, including an increase in the size of leaf and stem cells.
Unsure N is the main constituent of young plant biomass. Nutrients and water is an important role in plant growth and development.
depends on the variety. Every variety has genetic differences that affect growth. This is in accordance with the statement of Puspodarsono (2000) which states that each variety consists of a number of different genotypes and has different adaptability to certain environments.
Plant height in the first week to the fourth week showed different differences. This proves that each variety used has a different ability to absorb nutrients for growth.
Number of Leaves
The results of the analysis of variance showed that the type of planting medium and several varieties had a very significant effect on the number of leaves (Table 2), while the interaction between the type of planting media and several varieties showed an insignificant effect on the number of leaves at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after planting. transplanting (MSPT). Table 2 shows that the highest number of leaves was found in M3 (tankos) planting media, which was 28.63 strands and the smallest was on M1 (cocopeat), which was 22.78 strands. The highest number of leaves was found on the V3 (terano) variety, which was 27.18 leaves and the smallest on V1 (kirana) with 23.96 leaves.
Where the highest plants were found in the type of planting media M3 (tankos) which was 51.11 cm and the lowest was in M1 (cocopeat) which was 45.94 cm. For varieties, the highest plant was found in the V3 (terano) variety, which was 50.19 cm and the lowest was in V1 (kirana), which was 46.40 cm.
Aquaponic technology is a combination of aquaculture with hydroponic technology in one system to optimize the function of water and space as a maintenance medium. In addition to plant nutrients obtained from tankos, Nugraha (2012) states that the basic principle that is beneficial for aquaculture is that food residue and fish manure that have the potential to worsen water quality will be used as fertilizer for plants.It can be showed that several varieties were a very significant effect on plant height (Table 1).
The existence of a very real influence caused by plant growth can also be influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors. The genetic factor comes from the seed itself and
The potential use of planting media has a very significant effect on plant height. The existence of a very real influence is due to the planting medium as a growth medium, namely a place to grow root systems, sources or media for water and nutrients for plants. Plant growth is
manifested by an increase in size due to an increase in protoplasm caused by an increase in the size of plant cells such as plant height.
Plant height is a plant measure that is often used to measure the effect of the environment or the treatment applied. This is based on the fact that plant height is the most easily seen measure of growth. Plant height is the main determinant of growth because the taller the plant, the better the growth. According to Hidayat et al. (2013)
& Syahputra et al. (2016), growth is influenced by several factors, namely internal factors and external factors, while internal factors include heredity, disease resistance and ability to utilize food, while external factors include physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water media.
biomass. Nutrients and water is an important role in plant growth and development.
Aquaponic technology is a combination of aquaculture with hydroponic technology in one system to optimize the function of water and space as a maintenance medium. In addition to plant nutrients obtained from tankos, Nugraha (2012) states that the basic principle that is beneficial for aquaculture is that food residue and fish manure that have the potential to worsen water quality will be used as fertilizer for plants.
It can be showed that several varieties were a very significant effect on plant height (Table 1).
The existence of a very real influence caused by plant growth can also be influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors. The genetic factor comes from the seed itself and depends on the variety. Every variety has genetic differences that affect growth. This is in accordance with the statement of Puspodarsono (2000) which states that each variety consists of a number of different genotypes and has different adaptability to certain environments.
Plant height in the first week to the fourth week showed different differences. This proves that each variety used has a different ability to absorb nutrients for growth.
Number of Leaves In this research, the planting medium that
provides optimum growth is tankos. Different growing media showed the growth of different plant height differences. Tankos is a solid waste of the palm oil industry and this waste is widely available in oil palm plantations and the price is relatively affordable. Tankos can be used as a source of organic fertilizer that contains nutrients needed by plants and soil (Asra et al., 2015;
Sinniah et al., 2012). Provision of organic matter derived from tankos can facilitate the absorption of nitrogen by plants, namely nitrate and ammonium. Both of these elements accelerate the formation of green leaves (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis. In order to accelerate vegetative growth (plant height, shoots, increase the size of the area and stem diameter). This is in accordance with the statement of Damanik, et.al (2011) which states that the nitrogen element increases the protoplasm, causing several impacts, including an increase in the size of leaf and stem cells.
Unsure N is the main constituent of young plant
The results of the analysis of variance showed that the type of planting medium and several varieties had a very significant effect on the number of leaves (Table 2), while the interaction between the type of planting media and several varieties showed an insignificant effect on the number of leaves at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after planting. transplanting (MSPT). Table 2 shows that the highest number of leaves was found in M3 (tankos) planting media, which was 28.63 strands and the smallest was on M1 (cocopeat),
which was 22.78 strands. The highest number of leaves was found on the V3 (terano) variety, which was 27.18 leaves and the smallest on V1 (kirana) with 23.96 leaves.
Where the highest plants were found in the type of planting media M3 (tankos) which was 51.11 cm and the lowest was in M1 (cocopeat) which was 45.94 cm. For varieties, the highest plant was found in the V3 (terano) variety, which was 50.19 cm and the lowest was in V1 (kirana), which was 46.40 cm.
available in oil palm plantations and the price is relatively affordable. Tankos can be used as a source of organic fertilizer that contains nutrients needed by plants and soil (Asra et al., 2015;
Sinniah et al., 2012). Provision of organic matter derived from tankos can facilitate the absorption of nitrogen by plants, namely nitrate and ammonium. Both of these elements accelerate the formation of green leaves (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis. In order to accelerate vegetative growth (plant height, shoots, increase the size of the area and stem diameter). This is in accordance with the statement of Damanik, et.al (2011) which states that the nitrogen element increases the protoplasm, causing several impacts, including an increase in the size of leaf and stem cells.
Unsure N is the main constituent of young plant biomass. Nutrients and water is an important role in plant growth and development.
Aquaponic technology is a combination of aquaculture with hydroponic technology in one system to optimize the function of water and space as a maintenance medium. In addition to plant nutrients obtained from tankos, Nugraha (2012) states that the basic principle that is beneficial for aquaculture is that food residue and fish manure that have the potential to worsen water quality will be used as fertilizer for plants.
The potential use of planting media has a very significant effect on plant height. The existence of a very real influence is due to the planting medium as a growth medium, namely a place to grow root systems, sources or media for water and nutrients for plants. Plant growth is manifested by an increase in size due to an increase in protoplasm caused by an increase in the size of plant cells such as plant height.
Plant height is a plant measure that is often used to measure the effect of the environment or the treatment applied. This is based on the fact that plant height is the most easily seen measure of growth. Plant height is the main determinant of growth because the taller the plant, the better the growth. According to Hidayat et al. (2013)
& Syahputra et al. (2016), growth is influenced by several factors, namely internal factors and external factors, while internal factors include heredity, disease resistance and ability to utilize food, while external factors include physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water media.
In this research, the planting medium that provides optimum growth is tankos. Different growing media showed the growth of different plant height differences. Tankos is a solid waste of the palm oil industry and this waste is widely
It can be showed that several varieties were a very significant effect on plant height (Table 1).
The existence of a very real influence caused by plant growth can also be influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors. The genetic factor comes from the seed itself and depends on the variety. Every variety has genetic differences that affect growth. This is in accordance with the statement of Puspodarsono (2000) which states that each variety consists
of a number of different genotypes and has different adaptability to certain environments.
Plant height in the first week to the fourth week showed different differences. This proves that each variety used has a different ability to absorb nutrients for growth.
Number of Leaves
The results of the analysis of variance showed that the type of planting medium and several varieties had a very significant effect on the number of leaves (Table 2), while the interaction between the type of planting media and several varieties showed an insignificant effect on the number of leaves at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after planting. transplanting (MSPT). Table 2 shows that the highest number of leaves was found in M3 (tankos) planting media, which was 28.63 strands and the smallest was on M1 (cocopeat), which was 22.78 strands. The highest number of leaves was found on the V3 (terano) variety, which was 27.18 leaves and the smallest on V1 (kirana) with 23.96 leaves.
It can be seen that the potential of the plant media has a very significant effect on the number of leaves (Table 2). Leaves function have been placing for photosynthesis to occur which produces food substances for growth. According
Treatments Total leaves (unit)
1 WAP 2 WAP 3 WAP 4 WAP
M = growth Media
M1= Cocopeat 6.56 d 10.33 d 14.94 d 22.78 d
M2= Arang sekam 7.22 c 11.94 c 16.78 c 24.17 c
M3= Tankos 8.98 a 13.44 a 19.89 a 28.63 a
M4= combination 7.67 b 12.59 b 18.11 b 26.17 b
V = Varieties
V1= Kirana 6.42 c 10.96 c 16.08 c 23.96 c
V2= Pasemah 7.58 b 11.86 b 17.21 b 25.17 b
V3= Terano 8.82 a 13.42 a 19.00 a 27.18 a
Table 2 Average of total leaves with growth media variation in three red chilli variety at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP)
Note : The different letters in the same column is showed significantly different (DMRT 5% )
to Fahn (1995) that the main function of leaves is to carry out the synthesis of organic compounds using light as a source of energy needed in photosynthesis. The process of energy change takes place in special cell organelles called chloroplasts. Photosynthesis requires a solution containing nutrients and CO2 from the air and assisted by sufficient sunlight. Ammonia in the form of NH4+ (Ammonium) is partly utilized directly by plants and partly decomposed into nitrate form first with the help of nitrifying bacteria before being utilized by plants.
The media is used of role in supporting the plant root system as well as mechanical and biological filters. The aquaponic nutrient system is a balanced system between fish rearing sub- systems as nutrient producers, plant sub- systems as users and in the middle is the microbial sub-system as decomposers of organic substances and ammonia (Samerville et al., 2014; Constantia & Ferniah, 2020). In general, plant nutrient inputs in aquaponics only come from fish feces and feed residues that have been decomposed with probiotic. In terms of quality, fish feed contains all the nutrients needed for growth. However, these needs are different for plants nutrient, so that an additional process (decomposition) is needed.
The number of leaves in the first week until fourth week was showed significance different for varieties. This proves that varieties were used has a different ability to absorb nutrients in its growth. Plants absorb nutrients from the water for vegetative growth such as the number of leaves one of them. The plants were used that have the ability to make their own food (photosynthesis) which is strongly influenced by the number of leaves in varieties.
Total Branches
Based on the results of analysis of variance statistically was showed that the type of planting media and varieties had no significance different on the number of branches, while the interaction between planting media and varieties was showed insignificance different on the number of branches (Table 3). The highest number of branches was founded on M1 (cocopeat) planting media, which was 129.39 branches and the lowest was on M3 (tankos) with was 112.33 branches. For varieties, the highest number of branches was founded in the V1 (kirana) variety with 134.33 branches and the lowest in V2 (pasemah) with 100.13 branches (Table 3).
Table 3 Average of total branchess (unit) with growth media variation in three red chilli variety at harvesting
Treatments Total branchess (unit) M = growth Media
M1= Cocopeat 129.39
M2= Arang sekam 119.61
M3= Tankos 112.33
M4= combination 123.72
V = Varieties
V1= Kirana 134.33
V2= Pasemah 100.13
V3= Terano 129.33
effect on the number of branches. This indicates, the planting media treatment has not provided sufficient available nutrients so that it cannot increase the growth of new branches. The small number of branches in the treatment was caused by the lack of phosphorus available to plants so that growth was disrupted. In line with Sarwono Hardjowigeno (1992) which states that a lack of phosphorus nutrients can cause disturbances in plant metabolism and development, including inhibiting growth, phosphorus deficiency in plants can be characterized by stunted growth such as not increasing the number of branches.
Measuring the number of branches on the varieties were not provide a statistically significance response, but there was still the better variety, namely Kirana. The differences between varieties shown in this study were caused by differences in the genotype of varieties which determines of genetic potential in responding and adapting to growing environmental conditions. According to Hayati (2012), each genotype has the ability to adapt in the environment and these genetic differences can affect the growth and yield as well as the adaptability of variety. The adaptation of varieties In Table 3 it was showed that the potential
utilization of planting media has no significant
in environment both from climatic conditions and growing media was different because each variety has a different genotype composition, where each genotype has a certain ability to adapt to the environment in which it grows (Ashari and Andi 2000; Ferniah et al, 2018).
Total Chili Peppers
Table 4 was showed the results of statistical analysis of variance that varieties had a very significant difference on the number of fruits, while the planting media and the interaction between the planting media and varieties was showed no significantly on the number of fruits.
In this Table 4 the highest number of fruits was founded in M1 (cocopeat) planting media, which was 53.50 and the lowest was on M2 (husk charcoal) which was 43.83. The highest number of fruits was found in the V1 (kirana) variety, which was 65.38 and the lowest was in V2 (pasemah), which was 27.50.
Treatments Total fruits
(unit) M = growth Media
M1= Cocopeat 53.50
M2=Arang sekam 43.83
M3= Tankos 46.83
M4= combination 53.33
V = Varieties
V1= Kirana 65.38 a
V2= Pasemah 27.50 c
V3= Terano 55.25 b
Table 4 Average of total fruits with growth media variation in three red chilli variety at harvesting
Note : The different leters in the same column is showed significantly different (DMRT 5% )
Cocopeat is one of the industrial waste products which is abundant and has the potential to be used as a growth media, cocopeat is a by- product of the process of taking coco fiber. So far, the fruit processing industry coconut only focuses on processing the flesh of the fruit, while cocopeat as one of the wastes from the industry has not been utilized properly maximum (Prasetyawan, 2009). The advantages of cocopeat media is good at storing water, highing water absorption, loosening the soil with a neutral pH, advantageous because it will store liquid fertilizer so that the frequency of fertilization can be reduced and in cocopeat also contains nutrients from nature that are needed by plants and support root growth quickly so that it is good for growing media (Artha, 2014;
Novianti & Setiawan, 2019). Another advantage of cocopeat as a growing media is due to its characteristics that are able to bind and store water strongly, and contain essential nutrient elements, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (N), and phosphorus ( P) (Muliwan, 2009).
It was showed the treatment of planting media no significantly on the number of fruits (Table 4). Although the results have no significance, it can be showed, the better growing media was cocopeat in an aquaponic system for chili plants.
The results of the observations can be seen that the variety treatment has a significant effect on the number of fruits (Table 4), where the better variety is Kirana. The use of superior varieties is an important technological component to achieve high production. The advantages of superior varieties compared to local varieties are high production, resistance to pests and diseases, response to fertilization so that the production obtained can be increased. The main source of nutrients in the aquaponics system obtained can be in the form of fish feces and also from the rest of the fish feed given to fish.
The fish then produce feces and ammonia (NH3). Stool is filtered and decomposed in the media by microbes found in probiotics into various nutrients, as well as ammonia (NH3), converted to nitrite (NO2) by Nitrosomonas and then to nitrate (NO3) by Nitrobacter (Rakocy et al., 2006 , Rakocy, 2007;
Somerville et al., 2014).
Weight of Chilli Peppers
were tested for mean differences using the multiple spacing test (Duncan) can be seen in Table 5. The results, statistically indicated that several varieties had a very significant effect.
on fruit weight, while the planting medium and the interaction between the types of planting media and several varieties showed no significant effect on fruit weight.
Table 5 Average of fruits weight (g) with growth media variation in three red chilli variety at harvesting
Treatments Weight of fruits (g)
M = growing media
M1= Cocopeat 167.87
M2=Arang sekam 155.43
M3= Tankos 146.87
M4= combination 164.61
V = Varieties
V1= Kirana 178.35 a
V2= Pasemah 110.85 b
V3= Terano 186.89 a
Note: The different letters in the same column is showed significantly different (DMRT 5%)
Table 5 shows that the heaviest fruit weight was found in the utilization of M1 (cocopeat) planting media, which was 167.87 g and the smallest was in M3 (tankos) which was 146.87 g. The largest fruit weight was found in several varieties V3 (terano) which was 186.89 g and the smallest was in V2 (pasemah) which was 110.85 g.
The data showed that, all varieties gave a good response to fruit weight (Table 5), where the best was founded at the Terano variety.
According to Sumiati (1985) in Moekasan (2012), to get a high fruit weight, there must be an adequate number of photosynthates in the photosynthesis process and translocated to the recipient organs (flowers and fruit), to get Observation data and test of variance of the
average fruits weight of red chili plants from the type of planting media and several varieties
Cocopeat growing media, husk charcoal, tankos and a combination of all, are the best growing media for aquaponics systems in chili plants.
The four growing media, the growth and yield of 3 varieties of red chili was satisfactory. Oil palm bunches (tankos) is a medium that can provide optimum growth of red chili for the three varieties tested. In terms of growth, the Kirana and Pasemah varieties are quite good compared to the Terano varieties, because they have reached optimum plant growth in the aquaponic system, but in terms of production or yields, the Terano varieties have the highest production. Of all the parameters observed, no interaction has been found between 4 kinds of growing media with 3 varieties of red chili.
Although the growth and production of both growing media and red chili varieties differ, the four media can be recommended as optimum media for growth and production of red chili large fruit, cell division must occur accompanied by cell enlargement. The input of plant nutrients in aquaponics only comes from the rest of the given fish feed and feces. In terms of quality, fish feed contains all the nutrients needed for growth. However, these needs are different from the needs of plants. Aquaponic water management techniques in fish and plant cultivation will produce nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients which will become fertilizers for plants through the use of water from aquaponics ponds (fish ponds) so that the need for fertilizer and water is no longer a problem. Plant production is expected to be achieved if the amount and type of nutrients in the soil for plant growth are in sufficient, balanced, and available conditions according to plant needs.
CONCLUSIONS
plants with Kirana, Pasemah and Terano varieties.
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